Aydos Sarym: «Dәstýrli emes diny aghymdar – qauipsizdikke tóngen qater»
Songhy uaqytta qoghamda, búqaralyq aqparat qúraldarynda diny ekstremizm mәselesi basty taqyryptardyng birine ainaldy.
Ásirese, sarapshylar men baqylaushylar diny senim bostandyghy turaly zannamany qataytu, mәdeniyetimiz ben tarihymyzgha jat destruktivti diny sektalar men aghymdargha zang túrghysynan shekteu qongdy úsynuda. Sayasattanushy Aydos Sarymmen bolghan súhbatymyzda jogharyda atalghan mәseleler keninen talqylandy.
- Din mәselesi sekildi óte nәzik taqyryptyng ainalasynda qyzu qoghamdyq talqylaudyng jýrip jatqany, sizding oiynyzsha, nemen baylanysty?
Songhy uaqytta qoghamda, búqaralyq aqparat qúraldarynda diny ekstremizm mәselesi basty taqyryptardyng birine ainaldy.
Ásirese, sarapshylar men baqylaushylar diny senim bostandyghy turaly zannamany qataytu, mәdeniyetimiz ben tarihymyzgha jat destruktivti diny sektalar men aghymdargha zang túrghysynan shekteu qongdy úsynuda. Sayasattanushy Aydos Sarymmen bolghan súhbatymyzda jogharyda atalghan mәseleler keninen talqylandy.
- Din mәselesi sekildi óte nәzik taqyryptyng ainalasynda qyzu qoghamdyq talqylaudyng jýrip jatqany, sizding oiynyzsha, nemen baylanysty?
- Búl súraqtyng jauabyn izdeu ýshin terenge ýniluding onsha qajeti joq. Bәri de taygha tanba basqanday anyq. Songhy ailardaghy oqighalar bizding elimizde memleket pen diny birlestikterdin, qogham men dinnin ózara qarym-qatynasy mәselesi túrghysynda kóptegen týzetuler men ózgertulerding qajettigi tughandyghyn anyq kórsetti. Qazaqstan zayyrly memleket bola túra, ruhani-adamgershilik salada bolyp jatqan ýderisterding salqynqandy, beytarap kuәgeri men baqylaushysy dengeyinde qalugha bolmaydy. Sondyqtan, men Din isteri jóninde agenttikting qúryluyn jәne memeleketting Qazaqstan músylmandarynyng diny basqarmasymen, basqa konfessiyalarmen ózara qarym-qatynasyn jandandyruy sekildi qadamdardy әbden zandy jәne qajetti dep sanaymyn. Jana týsinikti «oyyn erejelerin» qalyptastyratyn diny senim bostandyghy jónindegi zang jobasynyng engizilui osy júmystyng manyzdy satysy boluy tiyis. Búl zang jobasynyng parlamentte qabyldanuy onayshylyqpen iske asa qoyy qiyn jәne onyng tónireginde qyzu qoghamdyq pikirtalastardyng órbiytini de anyq. Bizding halyqaralyq seriktesterimizdin tarapynan keybir synnyng da bolatynyn joqqa shygharugha bolmaydy. Áytse de, bizding qoghamymyzda múnday zangha degen qajettilik mol jәne ol, kem degende, túrghyndardyng әr týrli qabattary men toptary tarapynan qoldau tabady dep oilaymyn. Múnymen birge qoghamda «zayyrly memleket» degen ne, ondaghy meshit pen shirkeu erkindigi qay dәrejede boluy kerek, ishki konfessiyalyq ashyqtyq ýderisterine qogham men azamattar qanshalyqty dәrejede yqpal ete alady degen tónirekte pikirtalastar tuyndauy tiyis dep oilaymyn. Mening búdan búryn da aityp, jazyp jýrgenimdey, biz ýshin memleketting zayyrly sipatyn saqtap, sonymen qatar, diny sana-sezimning jandanuy, islamnyng qayta órleui jaghdayynda ómir sýre biluding qarapayym qaghidalaryn ýirenu prinsiptik túrghyda manyzdy. Biz islam әlemining bir bólshegimiz, osy bir qarapayym aqiqatty qabyldap, aqyl tarazysyna saluymyzgha tura keledi.
Dәstýrge jat kulitter men aghymdargha kelsek, Qazaqstan, eng birinshi kezekte, óz azamattarynyng qúqyghyn qamtamasyz etuge, últaralyq jәne konfessiyaaralyq beybitshilikti saqtaugha, qoghamdy bólshekteuge aparatyn tereng jiktelisterdi boldyrmaugha kýsh salugha tiyis. Búl - onay mindet emes.
Sonymen qatar, bizding memlekettik organdar men kýshtik qúrylymdary bәsekelestik alanynda júmys istep ýirenip, diny kenistikti jaqsy týsinui kerek. Al qajet bolghan jaghdayda, olar auqymdy ghylymi, teologiyalyq apparatty paydalana otyryp, qanday da bir diny senimning negizsiz jәne ziyandy ekenin dәleldey biluge tiyis. Múnda әngime tek músylmandyq aghymdar turaly emes, keybiri tipti batystyng ózinde zansyz dep tanylghan dәstýrli emes hristiandyq sektalar men shirkeulerge de qatysty ekenin týsinuge tiyispiz. Taghy da býginde jat iydeologiyany taratatyn mekemeler jelisin qalyptastyryp, jat iydelogiya taratatyn, aqparattyq soghysty óristetetin din atymen qomaqty mólsherdegi qarjy aghyny ótui de mýmkin ekenin úmytpauymyz kerek. Álemde, bizding elde dindi sayasatqa ainaldyrushylar az emes. Onyng zardaptary da adam aitqysyz auyr bolmaq. Búnyng ózi últtyq qauipsizdikke tikeley qater tóndiruimen birge, ondaghan, myndaghan taghdyrlardyng kýireui men shanyraqtardyng shayqaluyna sebepker. Al memleket óz azamattarynyng ruhani-adamgershilik saulyghyna qanday da bir kelimsekting qauip tóndiruine jol bere almaydy.
- Siz jana bir sózinizde "islamnyng qayta órleui" dediniz. Elimizde dindәrlar, meshitter, diny bilim beretin mekemeler sany artyp keledi. Búl - obektivti jaghday. Al memleketke qarsy maqsat pen úrandardy ústanatyn, memlekettik basqarudyng formasy men sipatyn ózgertkisi keletin, qoghamgha jik salatyn diny aghymdargha qalay toytarys beruge bolady? Osyghan baylanysty vahabbizm nemese salafizm jolyn ústanushylar jóninde jii aitylady. Bizding qogham sanamyzgha jat osy tektes destruktivti dýniyetanymnyng enuine ne sebepti dayyn bolmay shyqty?
- Óte oryndy súraq. Biz myna nәrseni úmytpauymyz kerek: Kenes ókimetining birneshe onjyldyqtarynda elimizde dindi teristeu ahualy ýstemdik qúrdy, jalpygha ortaq ateizm dәuiri ótti. 1921 jyly Kenes ókimeti túsynda bi, imam, ishan, haziret, mýftiyler saylaugha qatysudan shettetilip, kóptegen qúqyqtardan aiyryldy. 1926 jyldan bastap, resmy qújattarda músylmandyqtyng "antiykenestik sipaty" jónindegi tezis payda boldy. Al 1927 jyldan bastap, "dinge qarsy ýgit-nasihat" qana emes, tipti "islammen kýres sharalary" da qolgha alyna bastady.
Osynyng kesirinen ózge de din ókilderi siyaqty islam diny qyzmetkerleri de qatigezdikpen repressiyagha úshyrap, kóptegen meshitter pen shirkeuler jabyldy nemese qiratyldy.
Ekinshi dýniyejýzilik soghysta memleket pozisiyasyna ózgeris enip, ortalyghy Tashkent bop bekitilgen Orta Aziya men Qazaqstannyng diny basqarmasy qúryldy. 1961 jyly Qazaqstanda tirkelgen meshitimen qosqanda, 25 qauymdastyq bolghan. Búdan basqa 60 tirkelmegen qauymdastyq jәne 500 tirkelmegen molda bolghan. Solardyng biri, aita keteyin, mening atam edi.
1989 jyly respublikada resmy tirkelgen 59 meshit boldy.
Áriyne, egemendik jariyalanghan song jәne Qazaqstan músylmandarynyng diny basqarmasy qúrylghan son, meshit sany geometriyalyq progressiyamen óse bastady. Múndaghy alang tughyzatyn bir mәsele - elimizding territoriyasyna islam atyn jamylyp halqymyz ýshin dәstýrli emes dindi nasihattaytyn missionerler ene bastady. Mysaly, salafizm arabtar men týrikterding shayqasy kezinde (Osman imperiyasy) payda bolghan. Búl kýresting qazirgi kýni de arabtar tarapynan bizge jat diny qúndylyqtardy tyqpalau jәne ózimizding dәstýrli qúndylyqtarymyzdy mansúqtaudy talap etuimen jalghasyp jatqanyn joqqa shygharugha bolmaydy. Qazaqtar әrqashan da músylmandyqty dúrys ústanghan. San ghasyrlardan beri, әriden tarqatsaq, Tang imperiyasy men Arab halifatynyng әskerleri arasynda bolghan әigili Atlah shayqasy kezinen bastap, islam kóshpeli qazaqtardyng ruhy men sanasyna bayau, biraq aiqyn sindi. Qújattyq kuәlerge sýiensek, IH ghasyrdyng ayaghynda Qazaqstannyng ontýstik aimaqtarynda alghashqy meshitter payda bolghan. H ghasyrdyng ortasynda islam Qarahan qaghanatynyng memlekettik dinine ainalady. Búl aimaq tarihyndaghy anyzgha ainalghan jyldar edi! Ókinishke qaray, shyntuaytynda jasampaz túlgha bolyp sanalatyn sol Qarahan әuletining bir ókili Boghra hannyng róli turaly bizding týsinigimiz de, bilimimiz de әli kýnge óte mardymsyz. Islamnyng enui ejelgi týrki runikalyq jazuyn arab grafikasy negizindegi jana jazu týri yghystyryp shygharuyna alyp keldi. IX-X ghasyrlarda Ortalyq Aziyada jәne Ontýstik Qazaqstanda sopylyq ilim qanat jaydy.
Elimizdin territoriyasynda týrli sopylyq mektepter men ordender әreket etti. Kóshpeli týrkiler arasyndaghy islamdanudyng ereksheligi islamgha deyingi dәstýrli elementter men sopylyq dәstýrlerding ýilesimdi birliginde jatty. Sopylyqtaghy týrki dәstýrining kóshbasshysy retinde Ahmet Yassauy "kemel adam"(әuliye) konsepsiyasyn jarqyratyp jýzege asyrdy. Mine, bizding tarihymyzdaghy taghy da bir úly túlgha! Ol óz auqymy jaghynan Septuagint qayratkerlerine para-bar túlgha! Osynyng nәtiyjesinde islam Altyn Ordanyng da resmy dinine ainaldy. IYә, olardyng islamdy qabyldauy kezdeysoq qúbylys emes. Búl islamnan óz dýniyetanymynyng kórinisin, ózindik Gharyshyn kórgen ata-babalarymyzdyng sanaly tandauy boldy. Dәl sol uaqyttardan bastap Qazaqstan islam órkeniyeti kenistiginde bolyp keledi. Bizding aqyn-jyraularymyz, ghalymdarymyz, sal-serilerimiz, t.b. túlghalarymyz eng birinshi kezekte jay ghana aqyn nemese qarapayym ghalym emes, dinning bilgirleri boldy. Úly daladan shyqqan ruhany túlghalar men ústazdardyng diny tanymy keng boldy, olar dinning qyr-syryn mengerdi, islam әlemining kóptegen ruhaniy-mәdeny ortalyqtarymen tyghyz baylanysta boldy. Babalar shygharmashylyghyn zertteu arqyly búghan anyq kóz jetkizuge bolady. Áriyne, Dala jaghdayyndaghy damu bilim әueli hatqa týsip, sonynan kitaphanadan oryn alatyn jazbasha týrdegi traktat arqyly berilmegeni týsinikti. Bilim men tәrbie auyz әdebiyeti, yaghny jyr, aitys, dastandar arqyly úrpaqtan-úrpaqqa berilip otyrdy. Qazaq halqynyng ereksheligi islamnyng poetikalyq ruhyn saqtap qaluynda jatty. Óitkeni poeziya bilimdi saqtaudyng әri keyingilerge jetkizuding formasy boldy. Qazaqstan Reseyge qosylyp, barlyq aimaqtargha tolyqtay derlik otarlyq baqylau ornaghannan keyin, búl baylanys әlsirey berdi. Keshe ghana tabighy sanalghan sebep-saldarlyq baylanys joghalyp, aqparat pen bilim almasudyng dәstýri ýzile bastady. Patshalyq әkimshilikting aimaqty oqshaulaugha údayy tyrysuy men «tatarlyq ýlgini» tanu talpynystary, din qyzmetkerleri men din ghúlamalar tobyn daghdarysqa әkep soqtyrdy. Sol kezde qoghamda Qúran Kәrimdi óz kóniline jaghatynday qylyp tәpsirley beretin «dýmshe moldalar» kóbeye bastady. Mine, osylar Shoqan men Abaydyng jәne basqa da qazaq oishyldary synynyng nysanasyna aynaldy. Áriyne, Kenes ýkimeti óz ústanymdaryn bekite týsui ýshin búlardyng syndaryn paydalanbauy mýmkin emes edi. Osylaysha, ózderining «jarqyn bolashaqtaryna» degen soqyr seniminen ainymaghan kommunister patshalyq Reseyding bastaghanyn ayaqtap berdi. Kenestik dәuirde din mәselesin azdy-kópti biletin adamdar sany joqtyng qasy boldy.
- Tәuelsizdik alghannan keyin búl mәselening airyqsha ushygha týsui tang qalarlyq emes eken ghoy?!
- Dәl solay. Alghashqy jyldary kezdeysoq adamdar molda bolyp jatty. Elimizge týrli missionerler aghyny, әr týrli islam aghymdary men jamaghat emissarlary, tipti qarapayym alayaqtargha deyin aghyldy. Shetelderdegi islam ortalyqtaryna oqugha ketken jastardyng deni dinning negizi týgil, óz otanynyng tarihyn bile bermeytin edi. Mysyrgha, Saud Arabiyasyna, Pәkistangha, Irangha oqugha ketkenderding kóbisi tanymal diny bilim ordalarynyng esigin de kórgen joq. Kópshiligi jekelegen jamaghattardyng qarasyn kóbeytti. Psihikasy tolyq qalyptaspaghan, bilimi tolyspaghan jastar, «kimning kim ekenin» obektivti týrde aiqyndamay jatyp, «ruhany ústazdary» ústanghan týrli jamaghattardyng jaqtastary bolyp shygha keldi. Olar tek qana ózderining tәpsirleuindegi islamnyng dúrys ekendigine senimdi boldy jәne tek qana ózderin ghana aqiqattyng shyraghyn jaghushylar dep sanady. Ol adamdardyng sanasyna, diny kózqarastarmen qatar, sol jerding mәdeniyeti pen dәstýri sinirildi, sonyng ishinde, kiyim kii ýlgisi de bar. Sol sebepten bola, songhy kezderi Qazaqstanda hijab mәselesi boyynsha pikirtalastar órship túr. Sol missionerler men keshegi medrese shәkirtterining ishinde salafizmdi ústanushylar az bolghan joq. Qazaqstangha qaytyp kelgennen keyin olar islamdy osy kózqaras túrghysynan uaghyzdady. Degenmen, bir nәrseni esten shygharmauymyz kerek, salafizm - búl iydeologiya men ruhany dogma ghana emes, naqty tәjiriybe: tәueldi jaqtastar toptastyru, memleketke qarsy shyghu, óte qatygez әri sipaty jaghynan dóreki әreketterge baru. Salafiylerding qiyn jaghdaydan shyghu men qarsylyqtar jasau jóninen asa mol tәjiriybeleri bar. Olar óz iydeyalaryn nasihattau ýshin әdeyi aulaqtaghy meshitterdi, shalghaydaghy qanyraghan auyldardy, әleumettik jәne ekonomikalyq jaghynan nashar audandardy tandady. Olar «resmy islamnyn» teologiyalyq dayyndyghynyng әlsizdigin, memlekettik organdardyng qapersizdikterin, qoghamnyng әleumettik jәne basqa da syrqaularyn sheber paydalanyp, ýnemi óz jelilerin keneytip otyrdy. IYә, jeli, óitkeni olardyng vertikali týrde úiymdasqan qúrylymy bar deuge qazirshe kelmeydi. Salafizmning emissarlary shetelden kómek alyp qana qoyghan joq, sonymen qatar, ózderin el ishinde qarjylandyrudyng jelisin qalyptastyra aldy. Olar diny әdebiyetterdi audardy, taratty, veb-sayttar ashty. «Resmy islamnyn» ókilderi ruhaniy-mәdeny baylanystaryn keneyte almay jatqanda, islam radikaldary Reseydegi, Aughanstandaghy, Pәkistandaghy, arab elderindegi ortalyqtarmen túraqty qarym-qatynas ornatty...
- Sonda salafizmning mazmúny men mәne nede? Olardyng negizgi qaghidalary qanday?
- Eger baqylaushylardyng kópshiligi islamdy arab ruhynyng keremet talpynysymen baylanysta tuyndaghan renessanstyq qúbylys dep sanasa, salafizmning payda boluy, kerisinshe, kýizelistik qúbylys. Salafizm - islam tarihyndaghy apokaliptikalyq kýngirt dýniyetanym zamanynyng tuyndysy. Búl ózinshe bir, búghaulanghan, jәbirlengen arab sanasy jayynan aqparat beretin uaqyt kapsulasy ispettes. Salafitterding bastamashysy әri qozghaushysy sheyh ibn Taymiya (1263-1328) boldy. Osy bir týnekti túlgha sol kezdegi týrik-mongholdardyng Hulagu úlysynyng qaramaghynda bolghan soltýstik Siriyada tuyp-ósken. Ol keshegi damyghan islam memleketterining birinen song birining qúlauyna, qalalardyn, auyldardyng búzyluyna, býtin bir aumaqtardyn bos qaluyna, islam ghylymy men mәdeniyetining qúldyrauyna kuәger boldy. Sodan Ibn Taymiya jәne onyng zamandastary mongholdar basqynshylyghyn «Qúdaydyng qarghysy», «aqyr zaman», «kýnәlәr ýshin jaza» retinde qabyldady. Sheyh pen onyng jaqtastary osynyng bәri biyliktegilerding "aqiqy islamnan" alshaqtap, "shyqqan bastaularyn úmytqannan" dep sanady. Óitkeni, adamdar "tura jolda" bolghan kezde arab әlemi kenip, әlemdi jaulamap pa edi?!. Endeshe, "qaynar bastauymyzgha", Payghambar (s.gh.s.) men onyng tórt halifynyng zamanyna qayta oraluymyz kerek dep sanady olar. Osylaysha, osy diny baghyttyng iydeologiyalyq bazasynyng negizi bolyp tarihy utopizm men ótkendi syny túrghydan qabyldamaytyn týsinik qalandy. Anyghyn aitqanda, kez kelgen uaqyttaghy barlyq últ-azattyq qozghalystar osy jolmen jýrgen. Biraq, taghdyrdyng tәlkegi bolar, arabtardyng sol sәttegi diny sanasy jappay, obyr, totalidy sana boldy. Soghan sәikes, azattyq qozghalys dinning atyn berik jamyldy.
Al, "salaf" sózining maghynasy «әuelgi babalar» degendi bildiredi. Alghashqy salafitter jәne onyng sansyz izbasarlary, ózara jaulasqanyna qaramastan, negizgi ýsh qaghidagha imanday sendi: tauhid - birqúdaylyqty qatang ústanu; biydgha - dindegi janalyqtardan bas tartu; tahlidke (qanday da bir islam mektebining nemese bedeldi ghalymnyng izin quugha) qarsylyq. Salafiyler dindi islam әlemindegi týrli halyqtyng etnomәdeni, tarihy jәne ózge de erekshelikterine negizdelgen barlyq «jat», «kirme» týsinikter men tәjiriybelerden tazartu jolynda joyqyn kýres jýrgizudi ózderine maqsat etip qoydy. Salafizm islamdaghy barlyq janalyqtan bas tartudy, әuelgi dogmalargha qayta oralyp, onyng qatang týrde, dәlme-dәl oryndaluyn talap etti. Damudyng kez-kelgen týrine jol joq. Búl bizge qoldanugha bolmaytyn nәrse, óitkeni múnday jaghdayda progressten bas tartuymyzgha tura keledi. Salafizm jihad úghymyn búrmalap, ony qaruly kýres retinde, birjaqty ghana tәpsirleydi. Sonday-aq, olar búl kýresti barlyq músylmandardyng ómir sýruining jalghyz, әri shynayy formasy retinde qoghamgha tanyp otyr. Al jihadtyng dәstýrli maghynasy - ózinning nәpsәny kem-ketikterinmen kýresu. Áu bastan-aq dogmatizmi men radikalizmi ýshin syngha alynghan salafiyler, Alla men adam arasyndaghy kez-kelgen «dәnekerlikti» joqqa shygharady. Osylaysha barlyq sýnnittik mazhabtarmen qaqtyghysqa týsedi.
Qazaqstan men Ortalyq Aziya memleketteri ýshin islamnyng dәstýrli formasy qorshaghan әlemdi intellektualdyq túrghyda qabyldaudy baghdar etken hanafittik mazhab pen dalalyqtardyng ata-babalaryna degen kiyeli qatynasynan bastau alatyn әuliyeler dәstýrine negizdelgen «týrkilik» sopylyq ekenin bәrimiz de bilemiz.
Mazhabty ústanatyn elder men memleketter әlemdik mәdeniyet pen ghylymnyng qazynasyna qomaqty ýles qosty. Mysaly, hanafizmde dәriptelgen oy erkindigining nәtiyjesinde әl-Farabi, Ibn Sina sekildi әlemdik oi-pikirding alyp túlghalary dýniyege keldi. Olardyng әlem órkeniyetine qosqan ýlesi tek islam topyraghynda oqshaulanyp qalghan joq. Búl turaly fransuz filosofy Aleksandr Koyre: «Músylmandar latyndyq Batystyng ústazdary men tәrbiyeshileri boldy...», - degen. Búl túrghydan kelgende, qazaqtar ýshin dәstýrli hanafy mazhaby eldegi jana bilimning kulitin qalyptastyrudyn, kemeldenuding jәne damyghan memleketter qauymdastyghyna úmtyludyng tamasha iydeologiyalyq platformasy bolyp tabylady.
Atam zamannan beri tyng kózqarastargha beyim, ziyatkerlik súhbatqa dayyn Úly dala túrghyndaryna qatang dogma men diny radiklizm - jat qúbylys. Sonymen birge, naghyz qazaq ózining shejiresin, joq degende jeti atasyna deyin bilui tiyis, al salafizm bolsa qazaq halqynyng salt-dәstýri men әdet-ghúrpyna (ólgenge qúran baghyshtau, aruaqqa senu jәne t.b.) ýzildi-kesildi qarsy. Dalalyqtardyng dindi soqyr senim etkisi keletinderdi synaghany jóninde qazaq auyz әdebiyetinen nebir ýlgiler keltiruge bolady. Mysaly, biyl tughanyna 170 jyl tolatyn Qashaghannyng keremet termesi bar. Ol әuez ben dombyrany islamgha jat dep sanaytyn salafiyge aibarly toytarys beredi. Mýmkin, salafiylerding sopylardy ózderining negizgi bәsekelesi sanaytyny tegin emes shyghar. Olar islamgha janashyldyq әkeldi dep aiyptaghan týrli sopylyq ordender salafiyler synynyng negizgi nysanasyna ainaldy. Búdan basqa, olar óz uәjderinde Qúran men Sýnnetting dәlme-dәl týsinigine sýienu jәne olardy týsindiru ýshin aqyldyng dәleli men qisynnyng tәsilderin paydalanbau kerek dep sanady. Salafiyler búl qylyqtaryn «adamnyng aqyly shekteuli, al qasiyetti jazba Allanyng tikeley sózi» dep týsindirdi. Olardyng oiynsha, әulie ata-babalarymyzdyn, basqa da ótkenderimizding qabirine ziyarat etu men olargha qúran baghyshtau - birqúdaylyq qaghidasynan auytqu dep sanalady.
- Sonda salafiyler barlyq últtyq erekshelikterdi joqqa shygharatyn әmbebapshylar bolghany ma?
- Búl solay. Tipti, salafiyler arab dәstýrining ózine qarsy. Shyn mәninde «fundamentalister» ghasyrlar boyy әlemdegi barlyq músylmandar qatelesip keldi, olardyng ishinde eshqanday da joghary bilimdi ghalymdar men oishyldar bolghan emes degendi aitady. Osylaysha, olar ghylym men mәdeniyettegi islam órkeniyetining barlyq jetistikterin mansúqtaydy. Songhy kezde payda bolghan islamdy «tazartugha» qúlyqty radikaldy sektalar ózderin aqiqatty qalpyna keltirushilermiz degenge senedi. Alayda, tekserer bolsaq, olardyng ghasyrlar boyy myzghymay túrghan mazhabtardy, Qasiyetti Qúrandy óz betinshe, bir sәttik óz paydalaryna beyimdep tәpsirleu tәsilimen týzetkisi keletinin kóruge bolady. Salafizm ózge dinderdi de (pravoslaviye, t.b.) jәne óz týsinikterindegi dinnen basqanyng bәrin bәrin (sopylyq, hanafy mashaby) teriske shygharady. Kórip otyrghanymyzday, salafizm doktrinasy qazaq qoghamynyng ruhany qúndylyqtary men dәstýrine qarsy túr jәne oppozisiyalyq keregharlyqta.
- Siz, salafizm arabtar men týrkilerding shayqasy kezinde payda boldy dep aitqan ediniz. Kebireuler arabtar Ortalyq Aziyagha tәrtip ornatugha tyrysyp, aimaqqa jat diny qúndylyqtardy tyqpalap, bizdin tól tarihymyz ben mәdeniyetimizden bas tartuymyz ýshin qolynan kelgenin bәrin jasauynan әldebir ese qaytaru (revansh) kórinisin kórgisi keletin sekildi.. Osy jóninde, siz ne aitasyz?
- Men qastandyqtar teoriyasynyng jaqtasy emespin. Alayda, eger bolyp jatqan ýderiske tarihiy-mәdeni, geosayasy kózqaras túrghysynan qarasaq, onda keybir úqsastyqtar kózge úrady. Óziniz oilanyz, arab әlemindegi salafizmning dýniyege kelui týrki-monghol shapqynshylyghyna qarsy túru dәuirimen baylanysty boldy. Búl XIII-XIV ghasyrlar! Ilhan (hulaguiyd) dinastiyasynyng kýireuinen keyin tarih sahnasyna basqa týrik-osmandar shyqty. Olardyng aimaqtaghy, sonyng ishinde arabtargha ýstemdigi XX ghasyrdyng basyna deyin jalghasty. Salafizmning ekinshi jәne onyng qatal aghymy - vahabbizmning búrq ete qaluy naq osy osmandyq biylikpen baylanysty.
Sol kezde vahhabizm arabtardyng týrikterge qarsy últ-azattyq qozghalysyna jәne birigu tendensiyasyna iydeologiyalyq negiz boldy. Vahabbizmning iydeyalary men tәjiriybesinde onyng shiyttikke qarsy, sopylyqqa qarsy mazmúny birden kózge úryp túrdy. Oqighalardyng barysy kórsetkendey, vahhabitterding «týrki» islamyna qarsy kóterilisi din shenberinen shyghyp, әskeriy-sayasy sipatqa ie boldy. Vahhabizm Arabiyadaghy týrik biyligine qarsy arab últtyq qozghalysynyn belgisine ainaldy. Qozghalysty qabyl etken hanzada Abdeli Aziz ibn Saud Saud Araviyasynyng negizin qalaushy jәne eng alghashqy koroli boldy (1932-1953). Osylaysha, vahhabizm osy elde ýstemdik etushi islam doktrinasyna ainaldy. Sheteldik basqynshylyqqa qarsy arab qozghalysynyng qashan da diny sipatta bolghany jasyryn emes. Tek XIX ghasyrdyng ayaghy men XX ghasyrdyng basynda ghana arab sayasatkerlerining sózdik qorynda «otan» sózi payda bolyp, búl qúbylys keyinnen arab әlemining birqatar tәuelsiz memleketterge bólinuin aiqyndady. Arab әlemindegi dәl osy etnikalyq, últ-azattyq formattyng auqymdy kórinis tabuyna Europadaghy ýderister (últtyq-memlekettik qúrylys prosesining bastaluy, shyghys jәne ontýstik Europadaghy últtardyng ózin-ózi biyleuge úmtylysy, t.b.) әser etti. Osman biyligine qarsy qozghalystyng shoghyrlanuyna osy imperiyany bólshekteuge jәne «arab bәlishin» bólisuge qúlyqty bolyp otyrghan batystyq derjavalardyng róli de erekshe boldy. Osy aimaqtaghy aghylshyndar men amerikandyqtardyng belsendiligi arab әlemin «osman ezgisinen azat etu» degen izgi maqsatty kózdemegeni aiqyn. Aymaqtaghy múnaydyng mol qory ýlken geosayasy oiynda әldeqayda manyzdy uәj edi. Sol sebepten, qazirgi tanda salafizmning bizding elimizding múnayy, resursy, territoriyasy ýshin geosayasy kýrestegi qúral ekenin esten shygharmaghanymyz abzal.
Barmaq shaynaytyn bir jayt - búl kýreske eng aldymen jastarymyzdyng jegilui. Búnyng bir sebebi, dinnen habary az, úshqarylyqqa, absolutizmge beyim jastardyng sheteldik missionerler nasihattaytyn jat iydeyalar yqpalyna tez týsip qaluynda. Osyghan baylanysty, bizding negizgi basymdyqtarymyzdyng biri - diny sauattylyqtyng dengeyin kóteru jәne islamnyng shynayy qúndylyqtaryn týsindire bilu.
Qalay bolghanda da, qazirgi tanda tarih bizding óz taghdyrymyzdyng qojasy, әri әlemdik tarihtyng subektisi bolu ýshin, óz órkeniyetimizge jana mýmkindik berip otyr. Álemdik múhiytqa joly túiyq kontiynentalidy Qazaqstan ýshin mәdeni, aqparattyq jәne qarjylyq «múhiytqa» jalghasudan basqa jol joq. Bizding ózimizdi saqtap qaluymyzdyng sharty da osy. Al bizge bәzbireuler: jaqsy músylman bolyp, ýlken ýmmetting bólshegi bolsandar jetkilikti deydi. Biraq, búl jetkiliksiz...
Kóptegen elder men týrli dinderding tarihy qoghamnyng әleumettik jәne ruhany progresi tek janashyldyq pen jana bilim arqyly ghana jýzege asatynyn dәleldep otyr. Ótkenge qayta oralugha tyrysu, damuda kenjelep qalu erte me kesh pe toqyraugha, daghdarysqa, aqyr ayaghynda, últtyng tarihy jenilisine әkelip soqtyrady. Salafizm jәne sol tektes diny doktrinalar Qazaqstannyng strategiyalyq mýddesine sәikes kelui kýmәndi. Biz qazir salafizmning kózsiz shylauynda jýrgenderding ghylym men tehnikanyng jetistikterinen bas tartugha shaqyratynyn kórip otyrmyz. Radikaldy diny aghymnyng jetegindegilerding (islamdyq jәne hristiandyq) tipti balalargha vaksina eguden de bas tartugha shaqyratyn jәne t.b. soraqy jaghdaylary da bar. Múnday kórinisterge bizding qogham qatang toytarys berui tiyis.
Syrtqy yqpalgha qarsy túrudyng eng jaqsy amaly - óz-ózinmen bolu. Uaqytpen ýilesimdilik tauyp, qatar jýretin bizding mәdeniyetimiz, tarihymyz, dәstýrimiz, tilimiz ben ata-babamyzdyng dini, barlyghymyzdy biriktirip túrghan ýlken armanymyz, ýlken izgi múratymyz bizdin tarih tolqynynda jútylyp, qúryp ketpeuimizding kepili bolmaq.
-Ángimenizge rahmet!
Dayyndaghan Dias QÚSAYYNOV
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