Qazaqstan Kompartiyasy Ortalyq Komiytetining birinshi hatshysy etip G.V. Kolbinning jasyryn jәne halyqty qorlaytynday týrde taghayyndaluy jastar qozghalysyna tikeley týrtki boldy. Búl ortalyqtyng óreskel óktemdik sayasatynyng tikeley kórinisi boldy. Búl respublika halqynyng ómirlik mýddelerine baylanysty mәselelerdi olardyng pikirimen, kózqarasymen sanaspay, qayta qúru jariya etken demokratiyalyq qaghidalargha qayshy, birjaqty әmirshil әdispen jýzege asyruynyng dәstýrli aiqyn kórinisi edi. Respublika halqyn qorlaytyn múnday sheshimge alghashynda Almaty qalasynyng júmysshylary men oqushy jastarynyng shaghyn toby ghana narazylyq bildirdi. Narazylyq beybit jәne sayasy sipatta boldy. Onda memlekettik qúrylysty qúlatugha, últ arazdyghyn qozdyrugha baylanysty úrandar aitylghan joq. Jinalghan jastar zandardy jәne qoghamdyq tәrtipti búzbaghan, olar tek Ortalyq Partiya Komiyteti plenumynyng asyghys sheshimi jóninde týsinik beriluin talap etip, múnday sheshimmen ózderining kelispeytinin bildirdi. Biraq respublika basshylyghy jastarmen teng qúqylyq kelissóz bastaghysy, olardyng pikirin tyndaghysy kelmedi. Sayasi, beybit sherudi - biylikti qorlau, ózderine tóngen qauip dep sanap, olargha qarsy kýsh qoldanumen jauap berdi, tipti boy kóterulerdi túraqty armiya bólimderin qoldana otyryp basyp-janshu turaly sheshim qabyldady.

Qazaqstan Kompartiyasy Ortalyq Komiytetining birinshi hatshysy etip G.V. Kolbinning jasyryn jәne halyqty qorlaytynday týrde taghayyndaluy jastar qozghalysyna tikeley týrtki boldy. Búl ortalyqtyng óreskel óktemdik sayasatynyng tikeley kórinisi boldy. Búl respublika halqynyng ómirlik mýddelerine baylanysty mәselelerdi olardyng pikirimen, kózqarasymen sanaspay, qayta qúru jariya etken demokratiyalyq qaghidalargha qayshy, birjaqty әmirshil әdispen jýzege asyruynyng dәstýrli aiqyn kórinisi edi. Respublika halqyn qorlaytyn múnday sheshimge alghashynda Almaty qalasynyng júmysshylary men oqushy jastarynyng shaghyn toby ghana narazylyq bildirdi. Narazylyq beybit jәne sayasy sipatta boldy. Onda memlekettik qúrylysty qúlatugha, últ arazdyghyn qozdyrugha baylanysty úrandar aitylghan joq. Jinalghan jastar zandardy jәne qoghamdyq tәrtipti búzbaghan, olar tek Ortalyq Partiya Komiyteti plenumynyng asyghys sheshimi jóninde týsinik beriluin talap etip, múnday sheshimmen ózderining kelispeytinin bildirdi. Biraq respublika basshylyghy jastarmen teng qúqylyq kelissóz bastaghysy, olardyng pikirin tyndaghysy kelmedi. Sayasi, beybit sherudi - biylikti qorlau, ózderine tóngen qauip dep sanap, olargha qarsy kýsh qoldanumen jauap berdi, tipti boy kóterulerdi túraqty armiya bólimderin qoldana otyryp basyp-janshu turaly sheshim qabyldady. G.Kolbin bastaghan respublika basshylyghynyng ýsti-ýstine ótinuine baylanysty Ortalyqtyng ishki әskerlerining arnauly bólimderi Almatygha jetkizildi. Beybit jәne az adam qatysqan narazylyq osyghan baylanysty jappay bas kóteruge úlasty.

Respublika basshylyghynyng sayasy dәrmensizdigi, olardyng syn jaghdaydan shyghudyng beybit jolyn qarastyrmauy, tipti búghan úmtylmauynyng ózi, olardyng aqyl-parasat pen izgi niyetke emes, qayta qaruly kýshke sýienui, jappay narazylyqtyng boy kóteruine, órshuine tikeley sebep boldy. Narazylyq bildirushiler men qaruly kýshterding arasynda qaqtyghys boldy, nәtiyjesinde, kisi ólimi, denege jaraqat keltiru, avtokólikterdi órteu, ýilerdi zaqymdau oqighalary oryn aldy. Narazylyqty basyp-janshugha baylanysty qúqyq qorghau organdary zandylyqty óreskel búzyp, ústalghandardy úryp-soqty, jenil-jelpi kiyingen adamdardy kólikke tiyep, qala syrtyna aparyp tastady, prokurordyng sanksiyasynsyz ústalghandardy tergeu izolyatory men uaqytsha ústau oryndarynda kóbine tamaq bermesten, birneshe tәulik boyy ústady.
Narazylyqty quyp-taratu kezinde soyyl, saperlik kishkentay kýrekter, qyzmet itteri paydalanyldy. Qaqtyghys saldarynan narazylyqqa qatysqandar tarapynan da, qoghamdyq tәrtip saqshylary tarapynan da qaza tapqandar әrtýrli dene jaraqatyn alghandar sóz joq boldy. Júmysshylar men qyzmetshilerden azamattyq qúramalar qúryp, olardy qarulandyru jóninde núsqau bergen, sol arqyly adamdardy últtyq belgisi boyynsha bir-birine qarsy qoyghan Ortalyq partiya basshylarynyn, qyzmetkerlerining is-әreketteri óte qauipti boldy. Múnyng ózi sol uaqytta búl oqighany últaralyq qaqtyghys sipatyna ainaldyrudyng tikeley amaly edi. Búl súrqiyalyq ortalyqtyng «qazaq últshyldyghy» degen jalghan, jalaqorlyq aiyptaudyng tikeley qaynar kózi boldy.
Almaty qalasynda 1986 jyly jeltoqsannyng 17-18-inde bolghan oqighalargha baylanysty jaghday Qazaqstan Kompartiyasy Ortalyq Komiytetining 1986 jyly 19 jeltoqsanda ótken buro mәjilisinde talqylanyp, SOKP Ortalyq Komiytetining 1986 jylghy 18 jeltoqsandaghy Almatydaghy oqighagha baylanysty qabyldanghan qaulysyn tolyq qoldaytynyn jәne ony jýzege asyrugha baghyttalghan sharalardyng is-josparyn bekitti, jergilikti partiya, kenes alqalaryna enbekshi jastar, studentter arasyndaghy últshyldyq kórinistermen kýres jýrgizu, últshyldyqtyng kez kelgen kórinisterinen olardy oqshaulau mәselelerine erekshe mәn berildi. (hattama №18)
Ortalyq Partiya Komiytetining buro mәjilisine qatysqandardyng barlyghy birauyzdan qabyldanghan 16 týrli is-shara jóninde dauys berdi. Osy mәselege arnalghan Qazaqstan Kompartiyasy Ortalyq Komiytetining buro mәjilisining otyrysy 1986 jyldyng 23 jeltoqsanynda taghy da ekinshi ret boldy. (hattama №19). Osydan keyin Ortalyq partiya organdarynyng núsqaularyna sәikes, Qazaqstan aumaghynda jeltoqsan oqighasyna qatysushylardy jazalau, qudalau ýrdisteri jappay jýzege asyryldy. Oqighagha qatysushylargha qylmystyq ister qozghaldy, olar boyynsha tergeu qysqa merzimde ýstirt jәne aiqyn aiyptau beyimdiligimen jýzege asyryldy. Týrli dengeydegi organdar isti asyghys qarap, әdiletsiz ýkimder shyghardy. Tergeu, prokuratura, sot organdary әmirshil-әkimshil jýiening tikeley qúralyna ainaldy. Zansyzdyqtargha tikeley jol berdi. Jeltoqsan oqighasyna baylanysty myndaghan adamdardyng zansyz ústaluyna, narazylyq kezinde olargha qarsy saperlik qúraldar men qyzmet itterining qoldanyluyna jol berildi. Jeltoqsan oqighasyna baylanysty qanshama azamattar qyzmetten, partiyalyq mýshelikten, oqu oryndarynan zansyz shygharyldy. Baspasóz qúraldarynyng negizgi úrany - qazaq últshyldyghyn synau, belgili memleket, qogham, ghylym qayratkerlerining teris is-әreketterin jariyalaugha úlasty.
Jeltoqsandaghy qayghyly oqighagha әmirshil-әkimshil jýieni basty kinәli dep sanap, oghan qazaq jastarynyng eshqanday kinәsi joq ekenin sol oqighadan keyin-aq kótergen halyqtyng adal úl-qyzdary boldy. Sonyng biri sol kezdegi KSRO halyq deputaty, KSRO Jogharghy Kenesining mýshesi, Qazaqstannyng halyq jazushysy Múhtar Shahanov edi. 1989 jylghy 6 mausymda ótken KSRO halyq deputattary sezi minbesine shyghyp, 1986 jylghy 16 jeltoqsanda Almatyda bolghan jeltoqsan oqighasynyng múnyng aldynda oryn alghan Gruziyadaghy oqighadan da edәuir qauipti sipat alghanyn, beybit sheruge shyqqandargha qarsy saper kýrekterin, qyzmet itterin qoldanghanyn, jas qyzdardy dubinkamen sabap, etikterimen tepkilegeninen, búl narazylyqtyng eshqanday últshyldyq astary bolmaghanyn aityp, osy oqighagha baylanysty aqiqatty anyqtau ýshin halyq deputattary komissiya qúramynda qúrudy batyl týrde úsyndy.
Ile-shala M.Shahanov tóraghalyq etken komissiya qúryldy. Qazaq SSR Jogharghy Soveti Prezidiumy 1990 jylghy qyrkýiekting 24-i kýni qauly qabyldap, onda qazaq jastarynyng 1986 jyly jeltoqsanda Almatyda bolghan boy kórsetui últshyldyq sipat almaghany jәne bastapqy satysynda zangha qayshy bolmaghanyn atap ótti. Osydan keyin sol kezdegi Qazaqstan Ortalyq Partiya Komiytetining birinshi hatshysy N.Nazarbaevtyng tikeley aralasuymen, úsynysymen SOKP Ortalyq Komiytetining Qaulysyndaghy qazaq últshyldary degen aiyptau alynyp tastaldy. Qazaq SSR Jogharghy Soveti Prezidiumynyng Almaty qalasynda 1986 jylghy jeltoqsannyng 17-18-inde bolghan oqighagha baylanysty jaghdaylargha týpkilikti bagha beru jónindegi komissiyanyng tújyrymdary men úsynystary Jogharghy Sovet Prezidiumynyng mәjilisinde qaralyp, baspasózde jariyalandy. Komissiya qúramynda birneshe últtyng ókilderi bolghan jәne ol tújyrym birauyzdan maqúldanghan. Jeltoqsan oqighasyna baylanysty Múhtar Shahanovtyng KSRO halyq deputattary sezinde sóilegen tújyrymdaryn teriske shygharugha tyrysqandar da boldy. «Liyteraturnaya» gazetining 20 jeltoqsan 1989 jylghy №51 sanynda osy mәselege arnalghan dereksiz maqala da jaryq kórdi. Jeltoqsan oqighasyna baylanysty júrtty qatty qorlaghan aiyp - Ortalyqtyng «qazaq últshyldyghy» degen teris tújyrymy boldy. Qazaq halqy ejelden últshyl emes, qonaghyna tórin bosatyp beretin, asynyng dәmdisin bosaghasynan attaghandargha úsynatyn, ejelgi dәstýri bar kenpeyil, kópshil, internasionalist halyq ekenin eshkim de әdeyi eskermedi. Tariyhqa kóz jýgirtsek, 1915jyly óz jerinde qazaqtardyng sany 6 milliongha jetse, 1945 jyly odan 2,5 million ghana adam qalghan.
1920 jyly Qazaq Avtonomiyasy Respublikasyn qúrghan kezde óz elinde 65 payyzdy qúraghan, al 1962 jyly búl kórsetkish 20 payyzgha kemigen, jappay kollektivtendiru kezeninde eki jyldyng ishinde qazaqtardyng 52 payyzgha, yaghny 2 million 200 myny asharshylyqtan, jappay epiydemiyadan qyryldy, al 15 payyzy respublikadan tysqary jerlerge mәngilikke jer auyp ketti. Búl Qazaqstandaghy «Goloshekindik genosiyd» kezeni edi. Qazaqtar industrializasiya kezeninde mәjbýrli týrde enbek armiyasy qataryna alyndy, bay-kulaktar retinde Sibirge jer audaryldy. Úly Otan soghysyna qatysyp, qaza tapty. Al tyng iygeru kezinde túrghan jerlerinen yghystyryldy. 1930 jyldan 1962 jylgha deyin Qazaqstan jerine syrttan 4 (tórt) million adam keldi, qazaqtar óz jerinde az halyqqa ainaldy. Qazaq eli barlyq saladan yghystyryldy. 1960-1990 jyldyng yaghny 30 jyldyng aralyghynda Qazaqstannyng 700-den astam mektepterinde qazaq tilinde sabaq jýrgizilmedi. Auyr kezenderdi bastan ótkizgen qazaq halqy eshuaqytta da últshyldyq sipatta bas kótermegen, basqa halyqtargha, últ ókilderine qamqorlyq jasaghannan basqa eshqanday teris is jasamaghan. Qazaq halqynyng osy qasiyetterin ayaqqa basqan Ortalyq 1986 jyly búl halyqty últshyl dep arsyzdyqpen jariya etti.
Qazaq halqynyng eshuaqytta últshyl emestigin tarih taghy da rastady. Egemendik alghannan keyingi qazaq dalasyndaghy barlyq últtar, úlystar bir kisidey býgin tatu-tәtti ómir sýrude. Qazaqstandaghy 130-dan astam últ ókilderi bir kisining balasynday bauyrlas. Qazaqstan halqy Assambleyasy siyaqty úiym dýniyejýzinde tek bizding elimizde bar. Mine, osylardyng ózi az-aq qazaqtyng qanday darqan halyq ekenin tanytpay ma?!
Jeltoqsan oqighasyna baylanysty jaghdaylargha týpkilikti bagha beru jónindegi komissiya qúramynda Múhtar Shahanovtan basqa ataqty zangerler T.Búrabaev, S.Jaqsymbetov, A.Stamqúlov, S.Qasymov, V.A.Kiym, M.Sarsembaev, jurnalister Yu.Kirinsianov, F.Ignatov, partiya qyzmetkerleri IY.Tasmaghambetov, T.Izmúhanbetov, S.Ábdirahmanov, adam qúqyghy jónindegi qoghamdyq komiytet tóraghasy IY.Fokina, ghalym Yu.Duberman, Qazaq SSR Jogharghy Sovetining deputattary, aqyn Q.Myrzaliyev, N.Zadorojenyy tabandylyqpen ter tógip, isting aq-qarasyna әdil baghasyn berdi.
Jeltoqsan oqighasy jónindegi oryn alghan zansyzdyqtargha bagha beru ýshin jinalghan materialdar Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Konstitusiyalyq Sotyna jiberildi. Konstitusiyalyq Sotta men de sarapshy retinde qatystym. Jeltoqsan oqighasy boyynsha respublika sottary sottaghan 99 adamnyng qylmysyn zerttep, zandylyq bagha beruge atsalystym.
Jalpy, Jeltoqsan oqighasy boyynsha kezinde respublikada 707 adam әkimshilik qamaugha alynghan, partiya qatarynan 57 adam alystatylghan, 210 adam partiyalyq jazalaugha ilikken, komsomoldan 758 adam, joghary jәne orta oqu oryndarynan 266 student shygharylyp, 1164 jastar komsomoldyq jazagha tartylghan. Jeltoqsan oqighasynan keyin qazaq jastaryn joghary oqu oryndaryna qabyldau da qiynday týsti. Mysaly, 1985 jylghy Qaraghandydaghy jogharghy milisiya mektebindegi abituriyentterining 61 payyzy qazaqtar bolsa, kelesi 1986 jyly onyng sany 27,5 payyzgha deyin kemigen. Qazaq jastaryn ishki ister organyna qabyldau kýrt azayghan. Tipti Shymkentte oblystyq ishki ister basqarmasy aldynda «Qazaqtardy ishki ister organyna qabyldamaymyz» degen jarnama ashyq jazylyp qoyyldy. 1987 jyly 90 mynnan astam qazaq jastary elden ketip, basqa respublikalarda júmys isteuge mәjbýr boldy.
Jeltoqsan oqighasyna baylanysty materialdar Konstitusiyalyq Sottyng óz qyzmetin merziminen búryn toqtatuyna baylanysty týpkilikti qaralmay, oghan tikeley kinәli adamdardyng teris is-әreketterinde bagha berilmey qaldy, oryn alghan zansyzdyqqa tiyisinshe bagha berilmedi. Osy oqighagha baylanysty jinaqtalghan on bir tomdyq is-materialdarda neshe týrli súmdyq zansyzdyqtar turaly faktiler, basshylyqtyng qiyanaty, jәbirlengen qazaq jastarynyng adamgershiligi men ar-namysynyng qorlanuy, ayaqqa taptaluy tolyq kórinis tapqan-dy. Biraq sonyng bәrinen de biz ýshin qúndysy Jeltoqsan oqighasyna qatysushylarynyng últtyq, azamattyq ruhynyng ólsheusiz biyiktigi edi...

Aryqbay AGhYBAEV,
zang ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor, Qazaqstannyng enbek sinirgen qayratkeri

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