Abay Qúnanbayúlynyng 175 jyldyghyna!

Abay shygharmalary men aqyn ómirbayanyn arnayy zertteudi erte qolgha alghan M.Áuezov aqynnyng jas shaghyndaghy ólenderin tauyp jariyalauda orys klassikterin tekseretin әdebiyet tarihy ghylymynyng әdisin basshylyqqa alghan. Óitkeni, Abaydyng aqyndyq biografiyasyna erekshe kónil bólip, onyng balalyq shaghynan ómirining songhy jyldarynda jazylghan shygharmalarynyng taghdyry turaly oilanuyna orys klassikterin zertteudegi ret, tәrtip boyynsha hronologiyalyq prinspke qúrylghan enbekter sebep bolghan.

Orys klassikterin zerteushi ghalymdar olardyng arhiyvinde saqtalghan shygharmalarynyng jazylghan jyldary boyynsha toptap, hronologiyalyq retimen aqyndyq ósu evolusiyasyn tekseruding ózgeshe әdisin sheber qoldanghan.

Osy әdisti Abaydyng aqyndyq biografiyasyn jazuda, shygharmalarynyng qyr-syryn tanuda basshylyqqa alghanyn M.Áuezov arhiyvindegi tezisteri men zertteu enbekterindegi ghylymy pikirleri bayqatady. Ol turaly M.Áuezov: «Aqyn Abaydyng shygharmalaryn barlyq týgel boyynda tekserip, zerttep shyghudyng búl kitaptaghy tәrtibi (sistemasy) býginge sheyin Abaydy tanu retinde jazylghan tekseru, syndardan әdis jaghynda basqaraq bolady. Ol basqashalyq – orys klassikterin tekseretin әdebiyet tarihy ghylymynyng әdisine baylanysty», – dep aldaghy zertteu júmysynyng әdisinen habar berip túrghanyn anghartady.

M.Áuezov 1924 jyldyng ózinde-aq Abaydyng qaytys bolghanyna jiyrma jyldyghyn atap ótu barysynda aqynnyng ghylymy ómirbayanyn jazu mәselesin algha qoyyp, ony 1927 jyly jazyp bitirgen.

M.Áuezov 1933 jyly Abaydyng tolyq shygharmalar jinaghyn Qyzylorda qalasynan kitap etip bastyryp shyghardy. Sol kitapta Abaydyng ghylymy ómirbayanynyng túnghysh núsqasyn da jariyalady. Abaydyng tolyq jinaghynda 1858 jyly on ýsh jasynda jazghan "Fzuli, Shәmsi, Sәihali" atty bir shumaq, tórt joldy óleni bar. Múnda bala Abay – elikteushi aqyn. Abay qúmarta kóp oqyghan, eliktegen, qadyr tútqan aqyndarynyng attaryn bala kónilmen:

Fzuli, Shәmsi, Sәihaliy,
Nauai, Saghdi, Firdausiy,
Hoja Hafiz – bu hәmmәsiy
Mәdәt ber ya shaghiry fәriyad, –

dep kólemi tórt tarmaqty bir shumaq ólenmen medresede oqyp jýrip shygharmalaryn kóp oqyghan shyghystyng jeti aqynyn tegis atap shyghady. Búl óleng Abaydyng 1909 jyly jaryq kórgen túnghysh ólender jinaghynda, ne Mýrseyitten qalghan qoljazbalarda da joq. Ony M.Áuezov aqyn shәkirtterinen, anyghyraq aitsaq Shәkәrimning aituynan jazyp alyp jariyalaghanyn bayqaugha bolady. Biraq Shәkәrimnen jazyp alghany turaly biograftyng zertteu enbekterinde anyq mәlimet kezdespeydi. Oghan sol zamannyng sayasy jaghdaylarynyng yzghary sebep  bolghan tәrizdi.

M.Áuezovting enbektenip tapqan Abaydyng jastyq shaghyndaghy kóp ólenderine kýdiktengen filologiya ghylymdarynyng kandidaty Sәbit Núryshev aty shuly jalaly maqala jariyalaghan. Orynsyz jalany M.Áuezov "Leninshil jas" gazetinde ózine tәn bilgirlikpen sheber әshkerelegen eken.

M.Áuezov: "...sol kezdegi hat tanyghan adamdardyng tiri qalghan kópshiligi 1933-1940 jyldargha sheyin ózderi bilgenderin berumen keldi. Nemese solardyng balalary әkelerining jattaghan ólenderin jinaushylargha birtindep qosyp bere berumen keldi. Al 1933 jyldyng baspasyn men әzirlegen kezde sýiengenim – jalpy kәriya emes, Abaydyng bar ólenin jatqa bilgen, búryn ózderi ýshin kóshirip jattap alyp jýrgen jaqyn shәkirtteri bolatyn" –, dep Maghauiya, Aqylbay, Kәkitay, Kókbaydy ataydy da Shәkәrim men Túraghúldy atamaydy. Sebebi nemere inisi Shәkәrim 1931 jyly, al balasy Túraghúl 1934 jyly halyq jauy degen jalamen nahaqtan-nahaq atylyp ketken bolatyn. Sirә, jogharydaghy "Fzuli, Shәmsi, Sәihali" degen bir shumaq ólendi Múhtargha Shәkәrim ózi aityp bergen siyaqty seziledi.  Abaydyng bar ólenin jatqa bilgen basty shәkirti Shәkәrim bir óleninde:

Búrynghy bәiitshini bilemisin?
Men aitsam onyng kim dep kýlemisin.
Nauai, Saghdi, Shәmsi, Fzuly bar,
Sayqali, Qoja Hafiyz, Ferdousilar.
Bәiitshi, elden asqan sheshen bolyp,
Álemge sózding núryn jayghan solar, –

deydi. Osyndaghy ýshinshi, tórtinshi óleng joldarynda Abaydaghy jeti aqynnyn: Fzuli, Shәmsi, Sәihali, Nauai, Saghdi, Ferdousi, Qoja Hafizding Shәkәrimde dәl qaytalanuy jaydan-jay óz-ózinen bola qalatyn úqsastyq bolmasa kerek. Jeti aqynnyng ózge shәkirtterining birde-bireuining shygharmasynda bayandalmay, Shәkәrimde ghana ataluynyng ózinen kóp jaydyng qúpiya syryn angharugha bolady. Demek, Abaydyng jas shәkirt shaghynda shygharghan bir auyz ólenin Múhtar Áuezovke aityp berushi Shәkәrim boluy da әbden mýmkin. Shәkәrim Abay oqyghan kitaptardy, olardyng avtorlaryn jaqsy bilgenderding biri bolghan.

Abaydyng «Fzuli, Shәmsi, Sәihali» óleni әli kýnge deyin keyingi basylymdarda eshqanday tekstologiyalyq ózgerissiz basylyp keledi.                                                                                                              

Álimbay Nayzabaev,

Dulaty uniyversiyteti, «Bauyrjantanu» GhZO  agha ghylymy qyzmetkeri.

Abai.kz