QYPShAQ DEGENIMIZ KIMDER?
Qypshaqtyng tegi – Qazaq. Qypshaq, Qazaq, Ghún, Saq, Alash, Týrki – sinoniym. Bәri bir el, bir últtyng balama ataulary, bәri bir Atanyn, yaghny Qazyq júrtta (Qazaq dalasynda) otyrghan úly eldin úrpaghy. Ony batystyqtardyng Qumandar degen atauynan da ayqyn kóruge bolady.
Ensiklopediyalyq derekte «Qypshaq dalasy – Dneprden shyghysqa qaray Jetisu ólkesine deyingi úlan ghayyr kenistik, búl dalada týrik tektes – kóshpeli qypshaqtar mekendegen. Orys jylnamalarynda qypshaqtardy «dalalyqtar» (polovsy), batysta olardy «kumandar» dep atady. Vengriyada «Úly Kumaniya», «Kishi Kumaniya» atty oblystar bar» delinedi.
Alayda, qypshaqtardyng shyghu tegi jóninde býgingi tarih ghylymynda kókeyge qonatynday etip týbegeyli tiyanaqtalghan birde bir tújyrym joq. Mysaly:
1. «Oghyz hannyng bir begi soghysqa әielin alyp baryp edi. Ózi úrysta ólip, qatyny qashyp
qútylyp, eki sudyng arasynda túrghan hannyng artynan jetti. Áyel jýkti edi. Tolghaghy keldi. Kýn suyq edi, kireyin dese ýy joq, ishi shirigen bir ýlken aghashtyng quysyna bosandy, úl tapty. Múny estigen han: «Ákesi mening kóz aldymda soghysta óldi, qamqorshysy joq» dep atyn Qypshaq qoyyp, óz qamqorlyghyna aldy. Týrki tilinde ishi quys aghashty qypshaq der edi, búl bala aghash ishinde tughandyqtan, atyn Qypshaq qoyy sodan edi. Búl kezde ishi quys aghashty shypshaq deydi. Qara halyq tili kelmegendikten k-ning ornyna sh-aytyp ketken. Búl balany han óz tәrbiyesinde ústady, jigit bolghannan song kóp el jәne nóker berip, Oghyz hangha jau bolghan orys, olaq, majar, bashqúr elderine jiberdi. 300 jyl Don men Edil atty eki ýlken ózenning jaghasynda patshalyq etti. Barsha qypshaq eli sonyng nәsilinen shyqty. Oghyz hannyng zamanynan Shynghys hannyng zamanyna deyin Don, Edil, Jayyq atalatyn búl ýsh sudyng jaghasynda qypshaqtan ózge el joq edi. Ol jerde qypshaqtar tórt myng jylday otyrdy, sondyqtan ol jer Deshti qypshaq (qypshaq dalasy) dep ataldy». (Ábilghazy. «Týrik shejiresi», 19-20 better).
Bәri kókeyge qonymdy. Kókeyge qonbaytyny «Týrki tilinde ishi quys aghashty qypshaq der edi, búl bala aghash ishinde tughandyqtan, atyn qypshaq qoyy sodan edi. Búl kezde ishi quys aghashty shypshaq deydi. Qara halyq tili kelmegendikten k-ning ornyna sh-aytyp ketken» degeni. Shypshaq degen ishi quys aghashtan tútas bir handyq (memleket) atauy dýniyege kelipti degeni mening kónilime qonar emes.
2. «Qypshaq. Búl qanlydan bólinip elsiz bos jerge ketkendikten qypshaq atanghan. Maghynasy – bos, shól, elsiz degen sóz. Shynghys hannan kóp búryn Edil-Jayyq manyna baryp, bir patshaly júrt bolyp túrghanda, Joshy han alyp qaratqan. Solardyng atymen ol jaq Dәshti qypshaq atanghan. Qypshaq rulary: toqsaba, sita, borjoghly, anjoghly, dórtqara, barúghly, jýznan, qotan, borly, qanoghly, orta jýzde әr jerde azghana qypshaq bar bolsa da, qay ruynan ekenin bilmeymin, qypshaqtyng azayghan sebebi әr týrli týrik halqyna qosylyp ketkendikten, kóbi noghay men ózbek bolyp ketken» (Shәkәrim Qúdayberdiúly «Týrik, qyrghyz-qazaq hәm handar shejiresi» Almaty-1991. 35 bet).
Uәj: Elsiz jatqan bos jerdin atauynan tútas bir handyq (memleket) atauy dýniyege kelipti degeni de kónilime qonar emes.
3. «Qypshaq-qazaq halqynyn, basqa da birqatar týrki halyqtarynyng negizin qúraghan ejelgi taypa, orta ghasyrlarda Ortalyq Aziya men Shyghys Europany mekendegen asa iri úlystardyng biri.
Qaraqypshaqtan taraghan Qobylandy batyr HÝ-ghasyrda kóshpeli ózbek memleketin biylegen Ábilqayyr hannyng zamandasy retinde sipattalady. Qypshaqtar qazaqtan basqa da týrki halyqtarynyng (qyrghyz, ózbek, qaraqalpaq, tatar, bashqúrt, noghay, qarashay, әzirbayjan, týrikmen, balqar t.b.) últ bolyp qalyptasu barysynda eleuli ról atqardy. Qazaq halqynyng qúramyna engen qypshaqtar negizinen Syr boyyn, Arqa ónirin, Soltýstik Batys Qazaqstan, Aqmola, Qostanay, Torghay aumaghyn mekendeydi. Qypshaqtardyng úrany - «Oybas», tanbasy – eki syzyq (11) (M. Dautbaev «Qazaq shejiresi» Shymkent-2012. 39 bet).
4. «Qypshaq atauy ejelgi týrkining Shina Usu eskertkishinde alghash kezdesedi. Mahmút Qashqary enbegi boyynsha, 9 gh-daghy Qypshaqtardyng qúramyna imaq, subar, qanly, qarabórikti, toqsaba, jete, bórli t.b. rular men taypalar engen. Qypshaq Týrik qaghandyghy ydyraghannan keyin alghashynda Qimaq (Kiymek) qaghandyghynyng qúramynda bolyp, 11 ghasyrda bólinip shyqty. Qypshaq handyghy tez arada kýsheyip, Qypshaq Orta Aziya men Shyghys Europagha tarala bastady. Shynghys han imperiyasynyng batys bóligindegi Joshy úlysyn (Altyn Orda) tarihshylar Deshti Qypshaq dep atady. 13 — 14 ghasyrlarda Qypshaq sózi jalpy “týrki” úghymyn almastyryp, Altyn Ordadaghy saudagerler ýshin qypshaq sózdigi — “Kodeks Kumanikus” shygharyldy. Altyn Orda ydyraghannan keyin Qypshaq kóptegen úlystargha bólinip ketti. Bir bóligi Qazaq handyghynyng qúramyna kirdi. N.A. Aristov qazaq halqynyng qúralu kezinde kóldenen, úzyn, tanabúgha, qarabalyq, t.b. qypshaq rulary bolghan dep kórsetse, V.V. Radlovtyng aituynsha ol kezde Qypshaq taypasy qúramynda torayghyr, týishike, qytayqypshaq, búltyn, qarabalyq, kóldenen, tanabúgha, úzyn, kókmúryn rulary bolghan. Qazaq shejirelerinde 92 bauly Qypshaq dep atalady, biraq eshqaysysynda onyng barlyghy birdey taratylmaydy. Shejire boyynsha Qypshaqtardyng ósip-ónui tómendegishe sipattalady: Qypshaqtardan aqtamsopy, odan qúlan-qytay, odan sýlimalyp, odan kebekalyp, odan mýiizdi saryabyz. Mýiizdi saryabyzdan qytay-qypshaq, qaraqypshaq, saryqypshaq, qúlanqypshaq taraydy. Qazaq qúramyna engen Qypshaq shejiresi boyynsha, qaraqypshaqtyng iri-iri bes atasyna (úzyn, búltyn, kóldenen, qarabalyq, tory) bólinedi» (Qypshaqtar. Uikiypediya ashyq kitaphanasynan).
5. Qypshaq handyghynyng tarihy «Qypshaqtar tarihy kitabynda» bylaysha beriledi: «Qypshaq» atauy eng birinshi ret 760 jyly ejelgi týrikting runikalyq eskertkishterinde atalady. Músylman derekterinde qypshaqtar túnghysh ret arab geografy Ibn Hordabekting (IX gh.) jylnamalyq jinaghynda úshyrasady.
656 jyly Batys týrik qaghanaty qúlaghannan keyin Altay tauynyng Soltýstik jaghy men Ertis ónirin jaylaghan qypshaqtardyng edәuir mol toptary qimaqtardyng basshylyghy men taypalar odaghynyng ózegin qúraydy. Alayda negizgi qypshaq taypalarynyng ózin-ózi biyleuge úmtylghan talaby VIII ghasyrdyng sonynda olardy qimaq memleketining qúramynan bólinip, batysqa qaray kóshuine aparyp soghady. Biraq qypshaqtar týbirli tәuelsizdikke jete almaydy, olar VIII-X ghgh. qimaq memleketining qúramynda bolyp, qypshaqtar tarihy qimaqtar tarihymen qosa óriledi. (Qate tújyrym. Qimaghy da, Qypshaghy da bәri bir el. Sóz týbirinde «Qiy», «Kiy», «Giy», «Qy» degen týbiri bar elderding bәri Qiyannyng (Qiyattyn) úrpaghy. Qiyattyng týp maghynasy Qi-Ad, yaghny Qy Aday. Olar tarihta Qidan atauymen de belgili. Qy taypasynyng shyghu tegi óte әri de. Qazaqtyng Qiyr Shyghys deytini, yaghny shyghu (bastalu), soghan sәikes kýnning shyghuy deytin úghymymyz tek qana osyny bildiredi. Búl daugha jatpaydy. Sebebi, bizding sózdik qorymyzda Qiyr batys degen sóz joq. Endi osynyng ýstine, búl sózding Qiyr shette, yaghny óte alysta degen maghyna beretinin jәne maldyng qúmalaq, tezegining keuip, qatyp, nyghyzdalyp, qúrghap otqa jaghugha jaramdysyn «qiy» dep ataytynyn qosynyz. Is-әreketting balama atauy «qimyl», Ontýstik Batys Aziyadaghy Gimalay tauy atauy solardan qaldy. Búlar Qiyannyng tolyp-tolysqan úrpaghy Qiyat - qypshaqtardyng «avtorlyq» qúqy. Álemge әigili Shynghys qaghan shyqqan ru (Qiyat) osy.
XI ghasyrdyng basynda Qimaq qaghanaty taraghannan keyin, qimaq, qypshaq jәne quman taypalarynyng búryn jaylaghan jerlerinde әskery sayasy jetekshilik qypshaq handarynyng qolyna kóshedi. Qypshaqtyng ókimet basyna kelgen aqsýiekter әuleti ontýstik jәne batys baghyttarynda belsendi qimyl-әreketterge kirisip, Orta Aziya jәne Ontýstik Shyghys Evropa memleketterimen tikeley baylanys jasaugha kirisedi.
Aymaqtaghy etnikalyq sayasy ahualdyng ózgeruine sәikes, XI gh. ekinshi jartysyndaghy jazba derekterde búryn osy jerde Oghyzdar atalyp kelgen «Oghyzdar dalasynyn» (Mafazat әl-guz) ornyna Deshti- qypshaq aty payda boldy.
Ertisten Dnestirge deyingi býkil territoriyany alyp jatqan Deshti-qypshaqtyng tarihy geografiyalyq oblysyn shartty týrde Edil boyy arqyly asa ýlken eki etnikalyq-territoriyalyq birlestikke bóluge bolady: basynda toqsoba (Toghyz, Tobysh M.Q.) rulyq әuleti túrghan Batys qypshaq birlestigi jәne El-bórili (Kelimberdi, Alshyn M.Q.) ruynyng han әuleti biylegen Shyghys qypshaq qaghanaty.
Qypshaq etnikasynyng qazaq territoriyasynda qúryluy asa úzaq prosess bolghan, ol ýsh kezenge bólindi:
1.VII-VIII ghgh. Kiymek qaghanatynyng qúramyndaghy qypshaqtar;
2.VIII-IX ghgh. Altay taularynan batystaghy Edil ózenine deyingi terrtoriyagha qonystanyp, sayasy ýstemdik alghan qypshaqtar;
3.XI-XIII ghgh. Shyghys úlystaghy aibyndy qypshaqtar.
XI gh. ekinshi jartysynan bastap qypshaqtardyng etnikalyq qúramyna engen negizgi taypalar: qimaqtar (Qidan, Qiyan, Qiyattar M.Q.), bayandurlar, bayauyttar (bayúlylar M.Q.), qanlylar (Manghystaulyq Qanghalyqtar (M.Q.), úran (Túran M.Q.) taypalary. Ábu-l-Ghazizding habary boyynsha Ystyq kól men Talas jaghalauyna qonystanghan qanlylar da kirgen.
Rashiyd-ad-Dinning jazuyna qaraghanda, qypshaq qoghamynda úran taypasynyng bedeli erekshe bolghan. Oghan sebep Horezm shahy Múhammed II sheshesi Turkan-Hatun osy úran taypasynan bolghan. Monghol shapqynshylyghynyng qarsanynda qypshaqtarmen Horezm shahynyng arasyndaghy jaqsy qatynas bolghan tәrizdi. Sonymen qatar qypshaq әsker basshylarynyng kópshiligi de úran taypasynan bolghan.
Qypshaqtardyng qúramyna kórshi jatqan týrki tildes taypalar da qosylghan. Qypshaqtardyng sayasy salmaghynyng kýn sanap ósip bara jatuyna baylanysty, taypalar men etnikalyq toptar, ózderining bir etnosqa jatatynyn sanaly týrde seze otyryp, qypshaq atyn alady. Alayda qypshaq júrtynyng qúrylyp, qalyptasuynyng ayaqqy kezenin monghol basqynshylyghy ýzip toqtatty (Qate tújyrym, toqtatqan joq, kerisinshe ary qaray damytyp, jalghastyrdy. Sebebi, jogharyda aitqanymday Qypshaq, Qimaq, Qidan, Qiyan, Qiyat bәri bir el, bir atanyng balasy. Shynghys qaghan shyqqan ru atynyng Qiyat bolatyny da osy. Bәrining «Qiy», «Qy» delinip, bir týbirden bolatyny tek qana osyny bildiredi).
Qonystanuy: XI gh. orta kezinde qypshaqtar qazirgi Qazaqstannyng shyghysyndaghy Altay men Ertisten bastap, Ontýstigindegi Balqash kólinen teriskeydegi Ontýstik Batys Sibirding ormandy dala aimaghyna deyingi keng territoriyasyna tarap, emin-erkin qonystandy.
Qypshaq handary óz memleketining shekarasyn keneyte otyryp, Ontýstikte Taraz qalasynyng manyna deyin jetedi, sóitip Qarahandarmen shektesip jatqan jerden Qanjek Sengir bekinisin salady.
Qypshaq taypalarynyng etnikalyq territoriyasy ózderining etnikalyq-sayasy birlestigi shebining túrghysynan qaraghanda, negizinen túraqty bolghan, tek Ontýstik-batys shekarada XII gh. 30-jyldarynan bastap Horezm shahtar memleketi tym belsendi sayasatty jýrgizuge kóshedi.
Handyqtyng qúryluy: Syrdariya boyyndaghy Oghyzdar memleketin, Orta aziyadaghy Horezm shahtar jәne Qarahandar әuletimen soghysqa jәne soqtyghystargha әkelip jetkizgen. XI gh. birinshi jartysynda buyrqanghan dauyldy oqighalar qypshaqtar memleketin qúrudyng obiektivti sebebine ainaldy (Qate tújyrym. Ol soghystardyng tútanuyna Qypshaq handyghynyng qúryluy sebep bolghan joq. Kerisinshe, kóptegen sebepterding saldarynan baryp Qypshaq handyghy qúryldy, qazaq degen últty joghaltyp almau ýshin).
XI ghasyrdyng basynda Qimaq qaghanaty qúlaghannan keyin Ertisten Edilge deyingi keng aumaq qypshaqtardyng qolyna ótti. Osylaysha, Qypshaq handyghy (XI gh.-1219 j.) payda boldy. XI-XII ghgh. Ortalyq Aziya men Shyghys Evropadaghy týrki tildes halyqtardyng ishindegi sany jaghynan eng kóbi qypshaqtar boldy. Ordasy Syghanaq qalasy.
Qypshaq memleketi ózining sayasy jaghynan kýsheyip tarih sahnasynda eleuli kóterilgen kez XI ghasyrdyng ortasy.
Qypshaq handarynyng biyligi әkesinen balasyna múragha qalyp otyrghan. Handar shyghatyn әulettik ru-el bórili (Shynghys qaghannyng arghy atasynyng esimi Bórte Bóri ekendigin eske alynyz M.Q.) dep atalynghan. Mahmúd Qashqariyding aituyna qaraghanda, XI-XIII ghgh basyndaghy qypshaq handary әuletining alghashqy atasy Abar han bolghan eken (Tabar). Orda dep atalatyn han ordasynda hannyng mal-mýlki men armiyasyn basqarghan hannyng basqaru aparaty ornalasty. Áskeriy-әkimshilik jaghynan Qypshaq handyghy kóne týrik dәstýrlerin saqtap, eki qanatqa bólingen. Ong qanaty Ordasymen Jayyq ózeni boyynda, Sarayshyq qalasynyng ornynda, sol qanat-ordasymen Syghanaq qalasynda túrghan. Ong qanat ekinshisinen kýshtirek bolghan. Áskery úiymdar men әskeriy-әkimshilik basqaru jýiesine airyqsha manyz berilgen, óitkeni olardan kóshpeli túrmys ereksheligi tolyq kóringen jәne olar kóshpeli ómirge meylinshe say, meylinshe qolayly bolghan.
Qoghamdyq qúrylymy: Jazba derekter habaryna sýiensek, qypshaqtar elindegi kóptegen kisilerding birneshe mynnan jylqysy bolghan, al keybireulerining jylqysynyng sany 10 myngha jetken jәne odan da kóp bolghan. Ibn Batutanyng (arab tarihshysy) habaryna qaraghanda, jeke adamdardyng mýlkine qol súqqan adam qatal jazalanghan, kәduilgi húqyqtyng (tórelik aitu) normasy, olar aiyptalugha tiyis dep eseptelgen. Mәselen: eger bireuding atyn úrlasa, atty qaytarumen birge 9 at aiyp beruge tiyisti bolghan. (Olarda da qazaqtyng ejelgi «toghyz-toghyz» qaghidasy qoldanylghan M.Q.).
Qolgha týsken tútqyndar qúl retinde paydalanylghan. Shejirede qypshaq memleketinde qarapayym adamdardy «erler» dep ataghan. «Erlerden» han esebinde jasaqtar qúryldy. (Er-azamat degen úghym kýni býginde de qoldanysta jýrgen joq pa? M.Q.).
Qypshaq handyghy kónetýrik memleketining dәstýrin damytyp, jalghastyrdy.
Al til men jazugha kelsek, Týrki dәuirinde (VI –XII ghgh ). Qazaqstanda ómir sýrgen ru – taypalardyng týrki tilinde sóilegendegi týrkologiya ghylymynda tolyghymen dәleldengen. Alayda, til ghylymynyng zertteulerine qaraghanda, negizgi týrki tildes qarlúqtardyn, qimaq – qypshaqtardyn, oghyzdardyn, úighyrlardyn, qyrghyzdardyng t. b. ru – taypalardyng ózderine tәn dialektilerining bar ekendigi anyqtalghan.
Arheologiyalyq zertteulerde týrki tildes ru – taypalar ómir sýrgen jerlerdegi eskertkishterden ýlken – kishi eki jýzden astam kóne týrki tilindegi jazba derekter tabylghan. Onyng ishinde Orhan, Eniysey ózenderining boyyndaghy Kýltegin, Tonykók «altyn tas kitaby» jazulary belgili bolsa, qazaq jerindegi Talas ózeni boyyndaghy Terensaydan tabylghan jәne t.b. jazular belgili.
Týrki tilindegi jazular til ghylymynda runa jazu dep atalghan. Týrki jazuy bir – birimen qosylmay jazylatyn 38 әripterden túrady (Runa jazbasy, ru degen sóz týbiri aityp túrghanday bastauyn qazaqtyng rulyq tanbasynan alady M.Q.).
Týrki dәuirinen qalghan «Kýltegin», «Bilge qaghan» siyaqty tasqa jazylghan dastandardy Qazaq halqy ózderining tól dýniyesindey qarsy aldy. Oghan basty sebep, ondaghy jazylghan әdet – ghúryp, salt – sana, diny – nanym, senim, maqal – mәtel, batyrlyq jyrlardyng ýlgileri bәri, halqymyzdyng tirlik – tirshiliginen alynghanday úqsas. Búl múralar qazaq halqynyng erteden kele jatqan bastauy.
H ghasyrdan bastap islam dinining qazaq jerinde etek jaya bastauy arab jazuynyng týrkiler arasynda ene bastaghandyghyn kórsetedi.
Týrkiler arasynan shyqqan ghúlama-ghalymdar, aqyn–jazushylarymyz Ál – Farabi, Jýsip Balasaghún, Mahmúd Qashghari, Ahmet Yassauiyler óz shygharmalaryn arab jazuymen týrki tilinde jazghan. Al HII gh. bastap týrki jazuy jazyluy jaghynan ómirden shygha bastaydy. Dýnie jýzine әigili bolghan jerlesimiz Ál – Farabiyding kóptegen enbekteri arab әlippesimen jazylghan.
Diny nanymdary: VI–XII ghasyrlardaghy Qazaqstan territoriyasyndaghy halyqtardyng arasynda aluan týrli dinder, nanymdar men senimder oryn alyp otyrdy. Týrkilerding zirattarynan tabylghan zattar olardyng ata – babalardyng әruaghyna tabynghanyn jәne olardyng o dýniyelik ómirge sengendikterin kórsetedi. Olardaghy basty bir nanym – otqa tabynu. Ony arheologiyalyq zertteulerden jerlengen adamdardyng zattarymen, minis attarymen birge órtelip qoyylatyn әdet – ghúryptary da anyqtalghan. Ol adam denesin otpen alastau bolsa kerek. Týrkiler tabighatqa da tabynghan. Olar ólgen adamnyng denesin jer ananyng qoyynyna órtep, kýl men kómirin ghana jerlegen. Eger adam kóktemde nemese jazda ólse, ol adamnyng tughan – tuystary bir tóbege jinalyp kiyiz ýy tigip, alyp barghan maldaryn qúrbandyqqa shalyp, odan keyin ólgen adamnyng mәiitin, atyn, zattaryn órtep, uaqytsha saqtap, kýzde shóp sarghayghanda ghana jerleytin bolghan. Al eger adam kýzde ne qysta qaytys bolsa, ol adamdy jogharydaghy әdet – ghúryptaryn jasap, kóktemde jer kógerip, shóp shyghyp, japyraqtar jayqala bastaghan kezde jerleytin. Búl әdet nanym – senimnen tabighattyng tórt kezenine tolyq tabynudy bayqatady.
Týrkilerding kókke nemese aspan әlemine siynghandaryn Kýltegin jazuyndaghy myna shumaqtan anyq bayqaugha bolady:
Kókke týrki tәnirisi,
Tәniri quat bergen son,
Tәniri jarylqaghandyqtan. Múnday әdet, nanym – senimder qazaqtarda býgingi kýnge deyin oryndalyp jýr. Týrkilerde adam balasynyng tiregi tirshilikting tútqasy, otbasy, oshaq qasy bolyp tabylatyn anagha «Umay ana» degen at berip, oghan tabynghan. Jetisulyq qazaqtardyng «Umay anagha» tabynatynyn Sh. Uәlihanov ta jazghan bolatyn. Keybir jazba derekterge qaraghanda, qimaqtar men qypshaqtar kýnge, júldyzdargha tabynghan. (Biz sol Úmay anany әli úmytqanymyz joq. Aptalyq kýn sanau jýiesindegi Júma kýni osy anamyzdyng aty. Júmanyng sóz týbiri «Úma» bolatyny tek qana osyny bildiredi M.Q.).
Arheologiyalyq zertteulerge qaraghanda, týrkilerde hristian (nestorian), maniyhey, budda dinderi bolghan.
Týrki taypalary IH gh. bastap jappay músylman dinine ene bastaydy. Al músylman dinining memlekettik din esebinde alghashqy bolyp qabyldaghan Qarahan memleketi. Satúq Bograhannyng balasy Musa hannyng biylik qúrghan jyldary (960 j.).
Jerimizdegi týrki dәuirining alty ghasyrgha juyq (VI–XII ghgh.) merzim ishinde ómir sýrgen týrik, batys týrik, týrkesh, qarlúq, oghyz, qimaq, qypshaq jәne qarahan handyqtarynyng әrqaysysynyng ózderine tәn damyghan materialdyq mәdeniyetteri boldy. Tóbe–tóbe bolyp jatqan qystaq, kentter men qala júrttarynyng oryndaryna jýrgizilgen arheologiyalyq júmystar, týrki tildes taypalardyng VI–XII ghgh. ózinde túraqty meken – jay salyp otyryqshylanghan ómirlerin bayqatady. Ásirese, Qazaqstannyng ontýstik jәne shyghys audandarynda otyryqshylyq basym bolghan.
Týrki dәuirindegi obalardan adamdardy kiyimderimen jerlengenderi belgili. Mәselen, Soltýstik, Shyghys Qazaqstan jerindegi zirattardan bylghary qamzoldar tabylghan. Zirattardan jýnnen tokylghan kóilekter, teriden jasalghan ton, ishikterding qaldyghy kezdesedi. Týrkiler tamasha etikshiler bolghan. Tabylghan ayaq kiyimderding ishinde ókshesi biyik emes, qayqy bas etikter jәne kebis qaldyqtary kezdesken. Sol siyaqty teriden beldikter, tamasha bezendirilgen keseler de boldy. Ásirese, keseler altyn, kýmis jәne qymbat baghaly tastarmen bezendirilgen.
Taraz manyndaghy Babadja – hatun kesenesi (H–XII ghgh.) orta ghasyrdaghy sәulet ónerining eng ertedegi eskertkishi bolyp tabylady. Osyghan jaqyn ornalasqan Aysha biybi kesenesi (H– XII ghgh.) jәne Tarazdyng óz ishindegi Qarahan kesenesi de kóne zaman eskertkishteri.
Syrdariya, Talas, Shu, Ile, Ispidjab, Otyrar, Taraz, Syghanaq, Balasaghún, Suyab, Merke t.b qalalar jәne eginshilik oaziysi men kóshpendiler dalasy arasyndaghy Úly Jibek jolynda Batys pen Shyghys arasynda qolóner, sauda jәne baylanys ortalyqtary boldy.
Sonymen VI–XII ghgh. Qazaqstan jerin mekendegen taypalar qypshaq–oghyz, qarlúq–úighyr tilderinde sóilep, osy tilderde tarihiy-әdeby shygharmalar shygharyp, ómir sýrgen. («Qypshaq handyghy (XI gh basy-1219 j.). Qypshaq jәne olardyng qonystanuy» Qypshaqtar tarihy kitabynan).
Týsinikteme: Osy aumaqta ómir sýrgen rular men taypalardyng barlyghynyng da negizgi bastau alatyn tili býgingi Qazaqtyng ana tili bolghan. Búl tilde Adam (Man) ata sóilegen. Mandardyng atyn Manqystau, Adam atanyng atyn Aday ústap otyr. Eng alghashqy teriden kiyim, ayaqqa etik tigilgen jerde osy Manghystauda. Ol jerler Qiyan, Qiyandy, Qiyaqty, Qaraqiya, Aq Ketik dep atalady. Ketikting týbiri etik bolatyny osydan. Sóz týbiri janylyspaydy.
Sóz reti kelgesin toqtala keteyin: Etikting avtorlyq qúqyghy Aq Ketelerde jatyr. Kete ruy (Baysary) Alshynnyng ýlken úly alty ata Álimnen taraydy. Qazirgi Europa elindegi Almaniya (Alash pen Man) elining de shyghu tegi osy. Olarda ózderin Ket (Het, Hot) dep әrtýrli bolyp jazylyp jýrgen rudan taratady. Áygili Shynghys qaghangha balasynyng (Joshynyn) ólimin dombyranyng kýiimen estirtetin Ket Búqanyng da ruy osy. Ket (Kete) ruynyng (atasynyn) aty, al Búqa óz esimi. Ol kezenderde de, tipti kýni býginde de Álimder On eki ata Bayúly ishinde Agha balalary dep ýlken iltipatpen qúrmetteledi. Shynghys qaghangha qaraly habardy jetkizuge Alshyndar ishinde Álim Ata úrpaghyna jýktelui de sodan bolghan. Olar «Ata túryp úl sóilegennen, agha túryp ini sóilegennen bez» degen halyq maqalyn bekem ústanghan. Aq Ketik qalasynyng atauy da sol Aq Ketelerden qalghan dep batyl tújyrym jasay alamyz.
Al, Biz jattyng yqpalymen óz aghamyz Álimnen qashyp, Aq Kete (Aq Ketik) qalasynyng atauyn ózge últqa (Fort Shevchenko degen ataugha) telip berdik.
Al qazirgilerding Ketbúqany naymangha telip jýrgenderine kelsek, nayman atauy erterekte jalpylama atau bolghan, - dep batyl tújyrym jasay alamyz.
Dәlel me? Tyndap kóriniz? Jaqynda «Alash» tarihiy-zertteuler ortalyghynyng újymy «Qazaq» ru-taypalarynyng tarihy atty joba ayasynda ýsh kitaptan túratyn «Nayman» atty tarihy zertteu enbegin jazyp bitirdi. Osy enbekte Nayman etnoniymine baylanysty alty pikir: birinshisi – «Nayman» atauyn jeke tarihy túlghadan shygharady; ekinshisi - búl etnonimdi ózderining atymen baylanystyrady; ýshinshisi – mongholdyq segiz sandyq kórsetkishten; tórtinshisi – «nayy» týbirinen kóne týrik tilindegi «dos» degen maghynadan; besinshisi – «segiz ózen eli» degen maghynamen tuystastyrady; altynshysy – kóne týrki tilindegi «ýlken mәlin» degen maghynany bildiretindigi atap kórsetilip, «Osy kózqarastardy taldau barysynda Naymandargha» osy etnonimdi monghol tildes qidandardyng bergenin moyyndaugha tura keledi degen pikirge toqtaldyq. Sonymen birge «nayman» etnoniymin taldau barysynda osy monghol tildes taypagha jatqyzatyndardyng pikirlerining qate ekendigin, shyn mәninde, naymandardyng o bastan-aq týrki tildes taypa bolghandyghyn naqty dәleldey aldyq dep oilaymyz» deydi.
Ejelgi Qytay jylnamalarynda Númdardyng segiz eli turaly mәlimetter bar. Qazirgi tarihshylar odan keyingi segiz arystardy, yaghny oghyzdar (Ógiz) birlestigin, osy Núm elining jalghasy dep, al Naymandardy solardyng úrpaghy dep tújyrym jasaghan. Núh, Núq, Núm, Nau, Noy (Noghay), Nay (Nayman) bolyp әr týrli atalyp jýrgen atalarymyzdyng tegi bir adam, bir el, yaghny qazaq eli. Topan sudan aman qalghan Núq payghambardyng qauymy. Nay Man, Nay Manúly nemese Mannyng úrpaghy bolyp shyghady. Sol siyaqty Núq-qa «ay» jalghauyn jalghasaq Núqay, Noy-Noghay bolyp shyghady da, búlda Núq atamyzdyng balasy, úrpaghy degen maghyna beredi. Adam atyna «n» jәne «i,y, y, i» jalghauyn qosqanda úly, balasy, úrpaghy degen maghyna beretinin eske alayyq.
Demek Nay Mandar óte ejelgi qazaqtardyng úrpaghy. Oghan dәlel: Jogharyda kórsetilgendey Nay – Núq payghambar atamyzdyn, yaghny adam aty; Nay – segiz sandyq kórsetkish (jalpy bólinu osy segizden bastalady); Nay – ýlken mәlin; Nay – dos, Nay – ejelgi muzykalyq aspap, Nayza – qaru, Nayzalasu, Nayzaboyy, Nayzatas, Nayzaqara, Naymanana siyaqty úghymdar bar. Búl úghymdardyng búlay atalu sebebi, osylardyng bәri qazirgi qazaqtardyng Nay atalghan kezinde dýniyege kelgen. Qazaqta qanday zattyn, qanday úghymnyng atauy bolmasyn, sol úghym sol eldin, sol atanyng esimimen atalady. Búghan dәlel retinde Adaydyng til men jebe tanbasyn eske alsaqta jarap qalar. Endi osyghan Qazyghúrt tauynyng basyna Núq payghambardyng kemesi kelip toqtaghan kýnnen bastap, jyl basy bolyp eseptelip, toylanyp kele jatqan Nauryz merekesin qosynyz.
Naydyng shyghu tegi Analyq tekke jatady. Sebebi, Naydyng sóz týbiri Ay – әiel, ana degen maghyna beredi. Aydyng jerge, әielding erge serik bolatyny osy.
Al Qidangha kelsek, tarihta Kidan, Qimaq, Qiyan, Qypshaq atalyp jýrgen alyp qaghandyqty qúrghandar Shynghys hannyng arghy atalary, Aday - Múnaldyng Qiyan-Qiyatynan taraytyn úrpaqtar. «Edilding boyy – endi qiyan, Jayyqtyng boyy – jayly qiyan, Manghystaudyng boyy - shandy qiyandy» eske alayyq. Al, Adaydyng (qazaqtyn) qarashanyraghynyng iyesi múnaldardy, qazaqtan bólip tastap «monghol» tildes taypa dep ataulary týp-tamyrymen qate tújyrym. Demek, qazirgi orys (aghylshyn, evrey) iliminen dәris alghan qazirgi úrpaqtyng bilim dengeyinin siqy osy.
Qazaqtyng bes qaruynyng biri Nayzany jasaghandar osy Nayman atalarymyz. Adam iygiligine jaraytyn qanday dýnie bolmasyn, sol zat, sol adamnyng atymen atalghan. Býl qaghida kýni býginde sol kýiinde túr. Nayza – qysqartylghan sóz. Sóz týbiri – Ay, odan ary Nay, Ay, Ayza, Iza (yza), Ayza (ayyz) degen sózderden qúralady. Endi osy sózderding maghynasyna ýnilip kórsek, osy bir auyz sózden, osy qarudy kimder jasaghanyn, olardyng ruy men atyn, tipti ne ýshin jasaghanyn da biluge bolady. Ay – Adaydyng ekinshi buyny. Týp tórkini, Ad – Ay (Ata men Ana) Ata – y (atanyng balasy), yaghny Ay Adtyng balasy, úrpaghy. Demek, Naydyng Adtardyng úrpaghy ekendigine dau joq. Býgingi Naymandar sol ejelgi Ad – Mandardyng úrpaghy. Ayyrmasy, olar Adam Atanyng qarashanyraghynan enshi alyp, bólek otau tikti. Adaylar bolsa Adam atanyng qarashanyraghynda qaldy. Al, Nayza degen qarudy oilap tapqan atamyzdyn, dәlirek aitqanda anamyzdyng aty Ayza. Demek, Ayza apamyz jauyn nayzagha týirep, kegin alyp, aiyzy qanyp túrghan mezgilinen, osy atamyzdyng (anamyzdyn) atynan «ayyz», «ayyzy qandy» degen sóz qaldy.
Nayman – sóz týbiri Ay. Ary qaray Ay, Nay, An, Man, Iman, Nayman bolyp shyghady. Sóz týbiri (óz týbi) men sóz qúramy janylyspaydy. Demek, qazaqtyng «Iman» degen eng qasiyetti úghymynynyng avtorlyghyna Nayman atalarymyzdyng talasy bar. Áytpese, Iman degen sóz tútasymen Nayman atamyzdyng esimining qaq ortasynda kýndey jarqyrap túrmaghan bolar edi. Áytpese, eng qasiyetti asymyz - Nan degen úghym dýniyege kelmegen bolar edi. Qúrmetti Oqyrman! Senu-senbeu óz sharuanyz. Odan eshtene ózgermeydi. Siz bәribir olardyng avtorlyq qúqyghyn tartyp ala almaysyz.
Oghyz ben Aday sinoniym. Aqiqatynda, Oghyzdar Adaydyng úrpaghy. Oghyzdyng tegi Tobysh, Adaydyng jetinshi nemeresi. Ony osy sózding qúramynan da anyq kóre alamyz. Toghyz sany Tobyshtardyng laqap aty. Toghyzdyng sóz týbirining Oghyz bolatyny osydan. Sóz týbiri eshqashan janylysqan emes.
Úighyr hany Moyynshardyng molasynyng basyndaghy qúlpytasta: «Týrki qypshaqtar elu jyl bizdi biyledi» - dep jazylghan. Elteris qaghan 693 jyly týrki júrtynyng tuyn kótergen bolatyn.
Múnaliyada (Mongholiya) túratyn qazaq ghalymy Qarjaubay Sartqoja úly men S.G. Klyashtornyy 1982 jyly MHR-dyng Dolan úly tauynyng shyghys sileminen tapqan syntastaghy: «Qypshaqtyng bóri iyesi qútty bolsyn! – dep shekilip jazylghan týrki jazuy talaydan beri búrmalanghan boljamdardyng ýnin óshirip, eng songhy әdil biylikti aitty.
A.N. Bernshtam: «Bizding jyl qayyruymyzdan búrynghy 201-jyly dýniyeni dýr silkindirgen Móde tәnirqúty – osy qypshaq úlysynan shyqqan kósem» - dep jazypty.
«Tegerandaghy (Iran) Qajy Huseyn Malek kitaphanasynda saqtalghan «Tariyh-y Safaviye» (HÝ1-HÝ111 gh.gh. Sefevidter әuletining tarihy) qoljazbasynda (avtory – Ismail Huseyny Marashy Tabrizi) «Qasym hannyng atyn Deshty Qypshaqtyng hany, key jerinde patshasy» dep kórsetedi («Mәngi el» jornaly №2. 2015 jyl, 20 bet).
Jazushy Iliyas Esenberlinning «Kóshpendiler» trilogiyasynda әdebiy-kórkem sujettermen qabysqan tarihi, tanymdyq-etnografiyalyq maghlúmattardyng bar ekendigin oqyrman biledi. Mine, sonday mәlimetterding birinde kóne qypshaqtardyng senim-nanymdary turaly aitylghan; «Bal-bal tastar jóninde... ertedegi qypshaqtar ólgen adamnyng jetisin, qyrqyn, asyn bergende onyng beynesine sәikestey aghashtan quyrshaq oiyp, ýstine búrynghy kiyimderin kiygizip, ózderining ortasyna otyrghyzatyn dәstýr bolghan. Óitkeni kóne qypshaqtardyng týsiniginshe adam jany ólmeydi, ýnemi tuys-tughandarymen birge jýredi. Joqtaugha jinalghan kisilerding bәrining de denesinde óz jany bolghandyqtan, ólikting jany ózining quyrshaq beynesine ornalasuy tiyis. Quyrshaq bolyp ol ózining jerleu toyyna (janazasyna M.Q.), (ýshine M.Q.) jetisine, (qyrqyna, jýzine M.Q.) asyna qatynasuy kerek. Aghayyn tuysqandarymen birge otyryp, óz ajalyn ózi toylaydy. Al jaqyndary oghan keremet qúrmet kórsetuge boryshty. Qolyna ydys berip, qymyz qúiyp, aldyna as qoyyluy mindet... (I.Esenberliyn. Kóshpendiler. 6-tom. Almaty. 1986. 46-47-bb).
«Núh payghambar ýsh úlyn ýsh tarapqa: Ham atty úlyn Ýndistan jaqqa, Sam atty úlyn Iran jaqqa, Iafes atty úlyn soltýstik jaqqa jiberdi. ...Iafes atasynyng әmirimen Judy tauynan ketip Edil men Jayyq suynyng arasyna qonys tepti. Iafesting Týrik, Hazar, Saqlap, Orys, Men, Shyn, Keymar, Tariyh atty segiz úly boldy. Iafes ólerinde óz ornyna ýlken úly Týrikti otyrghyzyp, ózge úldaryna: «Barshanyz Týrikti patsha bilip, onyng sózinen shyqpanyzdar», - dep ósiyet qyldy, oghan Iafes úghlany degen laqap at qoydy. ...Týrikting tórt úly boldy: Týtik, Haqal, Barsajar, Amlaq. Týrik óler shaghynda ýlken úly Týtikti otyrghyzyp, qaytpas sapargha ketti. ...Týtik zamanynda asqa túz salu әdeti qalyptasty. Týtikten keyin әke taghyna Elshe, odan keyin Debbaqoy, odan keyin Kýiik han otyrdy.
Kýiik han ata taghyna otyryp, birneshe jyldar әdil patshalyq qúryp, altynshy úly Alynshany óz ornyna otyrghyzyp, halyq baratyn jerge ketti.
Alynsha han kóp jyldar patshalyq qyldy. Núh payghambar zamanynan Alynsha hangha sheyin barsha Iafes әuleti músylman edi. Alynsha han zamanynda júrt bayyp dәuleti tasydy. «It semirse iyesin qabar» degen ózbek maqaly bar edi. Ár kisi ózining eng qimas adamy ne úly, ne qyzy, bolmasa agha-inisi ólse, soghan úqsatyp, quyrshaq jasatyp qoyatyn boldy. «Búl-pәlenshening sureti» dep ony sýier edi, as kelgende onyng aldyna as qoyyp, onyng jýzin óbip, kózin sýrter edi, oghan bas úrar edi. Búnday әdet qaytalana-qaytalana pútqa tabynugha әkeldi (Ábilghazy «Týrik shejiresi» 12-13 better). Budda dini osylay bizding atalarymyzdyng arasynda dýniyege keldi.
Qypshaqtardyng shyqqan tegin anyqtau ýshin taghy da Aday ata shejiresi jәne eshqashan janylysyp kórmegen sóz týbirine (óz týbine) jýginemiz. Aday ata shejiresi boyynsha Qypshaqtyn tegi Balyqshy (Shybyntay). Ret sanymen eseptegende Aday atanyng besinshi nemeresi, Kelimberdining ýshinshi balasy. Eng bastysy, Aday ata úrpaqtarynyng altynshy buyny. Birinshi buyn Qúdayke men Kelimberdi, ekinshisi Tәzike (Áz әke), ýshinshisi Qosay, tórtinshisi Qúnanorys, besinshisi Aqpan, altynshysy Balyqshy. Alashqa jatqan alty elimizding tegi (bastauy) osylar. Býkil jer sharyndaghy qaptata salynghan bal-bal tastardyng da tegi osylar. Pútqa tabynushylardyng da tegi osylar. Ábilghazynyng «Týrik shejiresinde» aitylatyn altynshy úl Alynsha hanymyzdyng da tegi osy. Alty sany Alashtyng laqap aty. Alty men Alashtyng týbirles bolatyny da osydan. Sóz týbiri (óz týbi) janylyspaydy.
Ábilghazynyng «Týrik shejiresinde» Shynghys hannyng tegi Qiyan, Oghyz han, Qarahan, Múnal han, Alynsha han dep kórsetilgen. Búghan kýmәn keltiruge eshkimning de qúqy joq. Sebebi, qazaq óz ata-teginen eshqashan janylysqan emes, janylyspaydy da. «Tegin bilmegen teksiz» dep ondaylardy adam qataryna sanamaghan. Al, búl shejireni jazyp qaldyrghan qarapayym adam emes, HÝ11 ghasyrdaghy basynda Kaspiy-Aral óniri qazaqtary, artynan Hiua hany әri Shynghys qaghannyng tikeley úrpaghy Ábilghazy bahadur han bolyp tabylady.
Ángimemizding basynda aitylghan qumandardyng tegi Aday shejiresinde Qúdayke, yaghny Qu Aday әke esimimen hattalghan. Búl tújyrymymyzdyng aiday aighaghy Atam qazaqtyng «kýsh-quat» degen úghymy bolmaq. Ózderiniz kórip otyrghanday, kýsh - Qu men ýsh degen eki birikken sózden túrady. Qu (Qu Aday әke), balama atauy aspanda úshatyn kiyeli qús Aqqu. Ýsh sany Qosaylardyng sandyq atauy. Al, «quatqa» kelsek, búl sózding tolyq maghynasy Qu Ad (Aday).
Qypshaqtyng sóz týbiri «yp». Bizge olardyng tegin aiqyndap beretin de osy týbir. Shybyntay ata esimining Qypshaq pen týbirles bolatyny tek qana osyny bildiredi. Atam Qazaqtyng sóz jasau qaghidasyn biletin jandargha búl daugha jatpaydy. Eske ústa! Sóz týbiri (óz týbi) degenimiz, sol elding týp atasy degen sóz. Atanyng (Adanyn) qarashanyraghy Adayda. Ata (Aday) shejiresi eshqashan janylysqan emes.
Shybyntay – birikken sóz. Sóz týbiri Yp (yb), ary qaray shyp, yn, ybyn, ynta, ai, tay bolyp shyghady.
Yp týbirinen tuyndaytyn sózder: qyp (qybyn tabu), shyp (shyp-shyp ter shyghu), syp (syp-syp etip tez sóileu), shybyn (túqymy tausylmaytyn qaptaghan qara shybyn). Qypshaq – shejirede aitylatyn Edil men Jayyqta tórt myng jyl saltanat qúrghan Qypshaq atanghan halyqtyng tegi osy Balyqshy atalarymyz. Adam Ata sóilegen elding Shybyn degen sózining týbiri osylay deydi.
Yn (in) – qyn, qynap, syn, shyn (shyn), tyn (tyn) t.t.
Ybyn – qybyn (ynghayyn) tabu.
Ynta – yntalanu, yntymaq, ynta-jiger, bar yntasyn saldy t.t.
Ay – Ana, әiel, Ayaru, Aysúlu, Aynúr, Aygýl, Ayjan, Aysәule, Ayman t.t.
Tay – Eki jasar jylqy balasynyng aty. Mine alty Alashqa negiz bolghan elding týp atauy. Shybyn men Balyqtyng negizgi maghynalarynyng bir-birine úqsas bolatyny osydan. Qazirgi Altay ólkesi, Altay tauy, Altay eli atauynyng shyghu tegi de osy. «Attyng (Adtyn) ornyn tay (day)» basyp túr.
Jogharyda aitqanymday Qypshaq Qazaqtyng bel balasy. Eki sany Qazaqtyng laqap aty. Qypshaqtyng tanbasynyng әlip (eki syzyq) bolatyny da osydan. Qypshaqtyng tili de qazaq, ózi de qazaq. Búl daugha da, kýmәngha da jatpaugha tiyis.
Myna kórshi orys pen batystyng Skifter dep jýrgenderi osy bizding Saq pen Qypshaqtar. Qazaq shejiresinde búl atau Sypyra jyrau esimimen saqtalghan. «If (iyp)» pen «yp» jәne Saq pen Shaqtyng týbirles bolatyny osydan. Olardyng Miyf, mifologiya (anyz), sifr degen úghymdarynyng shyghu tegi osy. Olardyng anyzdy miyf, sandy sifr ataulary ózderining shyqqan tegi Qazaq (qypshaq) ekendigin moyyndaghandyq.
Qypshaq – Qazaqtyng Orta jýzin qúraytyn negizgi alty taypanyng biri. Qypshaq ruynyng qazaqtyng qúramynda boluy, olardyng tegi, yaghny atasy qazaq degendi bildiredi. Múnyng basqasha týsinigi boluy esh mýmkin emes.
Qypshaq dalasy (Deshty Kipshak) – Qazaq dalasy ejelde osylay atalghan.
Qypshaqtardyng tili Qazaqtyng ana tili. Auyzsha da, jazba derekterde de Qypshaq tili degen til joq.
Qypshaqtardyn dini nanymdary qazaqtardikimen birdey.
Qypshaqtardyng qoghamdyq qúrylymy, kәsibi, mәdeniyeti, qaru-jaraghy, salt-dәstýri, әdet-ghúryptary da bizben sәikes, eshqanday ózgeshelik joq.
Atam Qazaqtyng óz tarihyn bir auyz sózben jazatyn ejelgi qaghidasyna sәikes Qypshaqty da sóilete keteyin:
Qypshaq – Qy (Qiy), Yp, Aq, Shaq (Saq) degen birikken sózderden túrady.
Sóz týbiri (óz týbi) jogharyda aitqanymday «Yp». Búl alghashqy alty elding (alty Alashtyn) bәrining auzy bir bolyp, Alyp atanghan kezeni. Qazirgi Evropa jerindegi Alyp (Alpi) tauy solardan qaldy. Alyptyng ekinshi buyny óz kezeginde Shybyntay (Balyqshy) atamyzdyng sóz týbiri. Sondyqtan, Qypshaqtyn, Shybyntaydyn, Alyp el alty Alashtyng bәrining tegi bir. Bәri bir halyq. Mysaly, «Yp-yssy» degenimizde kýn jylylyghynyn, nemese osy jylugha baylanysty kez-kelgen úghymnyng eng jogharghy shegi degendi bildiredi.
Al, birinshi buyndaghy Qy, (Qi, Ki, Ki, Ghi, Gi, Hiy-ge) kelsek, qúramynda osy týbirler bar barlyq ataulardyng avtory osy Qiyan-Qypshaqtar, yaghny Qazaqtar degen sóz.
- Qiyan, Qiyat, Qimaq, Qidan, Qimyl, Qisyq, Qisyn, Qiqar, Qiya, Qiyaqty, Qaraqiya (oypat), Qiyal, Qiyali, Qisa, Qissa, Álqissa, Qira (tau), Qiyar t.t.
- Qypshaq, Qaraqypshaq, Qyr, Qyrat, Qyran, Qyrghi, Qyrghauyl, Qyrghyn, Qyrghyz, Qytay, Qytymyr, Qyz, Qyzyl, Qyzylsha, Qyzyljar, Qyzan, Qyzanaq, Qyzghaldaq, Qyzaru, Qyzghanysh, Qyzghyn, Qyzmet, Qyzyq, Qyzyr, Qymyz, Qymyran, Qymbat, Qyn, Qyna, Qynap, Qys, Qysyr, Qysas, Qysastyq jasau, Qysylu, Qybyr, Qyjyl, Qydyr, Qyl, Qylu, Qyltan, Qylysh, Qylau, Qylbúrau, Qysh, Qysh qúmyra, Qysh kitap, Qyshqyl t.t.
- Kiye, Kiyeli, Kiyim, Kiymek, Kiymeshek, Kit t.t.
- Kisi, Kisimsu, Kisen, Kim, Kil (birónkey), Kilt, Kilem, Kidiru, Kitap, Kindik, Kir, Kirleu, Kirpi, Kirpish, Kinә, Kinәli, Kinәsiz, Kindikkýsh (tau), Kishi (Jasy kishi adam), Kishkentay, Kishipeyil t.t.
- Gimalay, Gindikush, Giyd, Gidro, Gibraltar, Gigant t.t.
- Ghimarat, Ghibadat, Ghibadathana, Ghinayat, Ghibrat, Ghisar t.t.
- Hiymerler (Batys jazbalarynyng Hiymerler dep jýrgenderi osy Qiyan-Qypshaqtar), Hikmet, Hikaya, Hisar t.t. bolyp kete beredi.
Al, Aq pen Shaq (Saq) degen úghymdargha kommentariy qajet bolmas. Býtkil jer betinde aqiqat, saqy (myrza, qoly ashyq adam) degen úghymdardy dýniyege әkelgen ejelgi Qas Saqtardy bilmeytin jan joq bolar.
Qypshaqtardyng qazaqtyn bel balasy ekendigine qazaqtyng 13-1-9-1-13 jәne qypshaqtyng 13-29-20-28-1-13 sandyq jýiesi tolyqtay kuәlik ete alady. Ózderiniz kórip otyrghanday Qazaqtyng tegi Núq payghambar zamanynan әri de jatsa, kypshaqtyng qalyptasuy odan beri de, yaghny Man ata zamanynda jatyr.
Qúrmetti Oqyrman! Eske ústa! Sóz týbiri (óz týbi, sózding atasy) men sóz qúramy sonau Adam atadan beri eshqashan janylysyp kórgen emes. Atalarymyz oryndy jerinde aitylmaghan sózding atasy óledi degen. Demek, ejelgi Qypshaqtardy mening atam dep moyyndap, qazaqtyng Ata saltyn saqtay almaghan qazaq balasynyng ózin qazaqpyn dep ataugha eshqanday qúqyghy joq.
Tarih taghlymy: Tughan kýninde (mereytoyynda) ózine arnap jaqqan shyraqty ózing ýrlep óshirsen, ózinning nadan ekendigindi moyyndaghanyn. Atam Qazaqtyng týsiniginde sham jaghu (jaryq) - bilim men ghylym, shamdy sóndiru (qaranghylyq) – nadandyq (bilimsizdik, yaghny Darvin aitqanday maymylgha bala bolu).
Jas әiel, qyz bala shashyn jayyp, «qara jamylsa» júbayyna ólim tilegeni. Tarihatty moyyndamaghan, Ata saltyn saqtamaghan, yaghny «tegin bilmegen teksiz, jeti atasyn bilmegen jetesiz» elding keleshegi bolmaydy.
Qojyrbayúly Múhambetkәrim, Manghystau
Abai.kz