Iya, býginde ózin IShIM (Irak jәne Sham islam memleketi) etip jariyalaghan úiymdy estimegen adam joq shyghar. Ádette, Islam degen uaqytta adamnyng aqylyna meyirim, qayyrymdylyq, izgilik pen dostyq siyaqty t.b. kóptegen adamgershilik úghymdar keledi. Al endi Irak jәne Sham islam memleketi degen sózdi estigende dereu maydan alany, jan-jaqta ólip jatqan adamdar, qayghy, qara kiyim kiygen jýzderinde meyirim joq baskeserlerdi oilaymyz. Nege? Rasynda da qazirgi Islamnyng beynesi osy ma әlde әlemge ózin sharighat zanymen ómir sýretin virtualdy «Islam memleketi» dep jariyalaghan «halifattyn» Islammen mýldem qatynasy joq pa? Islamnyng atyn jamylghan búl úiym Islamdaghy negizgi qaghidattardy qanshalyqty ústanady? Olar ýshin Islamdaghy «adam óltirme», «zorlyq jasama», «qiyanat qylma», «zúlymdyqtan saqtan»degen siyaqty t.b. kóptegen adamgershilik qúndylyqtar men ústanymdar manyzdy ma?Olar Qúran ayattary men hadisterge dúrys amal etedi me? – degen siyaqty súraqtar barlyghymyzdy mazalaytyny ras. Biz osy súraqtargha shamamyz kelgenshe jauap izdep kóruge tyrysamyz. Áriyne, múnday súraqtardy jan-jaqty taldau ýshin bir maqalanyng jetkiliksiz bolary anyq. Degenmen, birge kóreyik.

Áueli, IShIM turaly

Basym bóligimiz jalpy IShIM degen ataudy estigenimiz bolmasa, onyng qalay jәne qaydan payda bolghanyn bile bermeymiz. Irak pen Siriyanyng aumaghynda «Ál-Kaida» terroristik úiymy múryndyq bolyp, halyqaralyq terrorist Ábu Musabәz-Zarkauymen birge 2006 jyly «Modjahedshurasynyng Kenesin» qúrady. Keyin búl keneske birneshe shaghyn әskery úiymdar qosylady:

– «Djayshәt-Taifaәl-Mansura» (Jeniske jetushi top әskeri);

– «DjayshÁhluәs-Sunnauәl-Djamaa» (Sýnnet jәne jamaghat azamattarynyng әskeri);

– «Djayshәә-Fatihiyn» (Jenushiler әskeri);

– «Djundas-Sahaba» (Sahabalardyng әskeri) jәne t.b.

Sóitip, 2006 jyldyng 15 qazanynda osy jәne búlargha qosylghan basqa da shaghyn әskery úiymdar birigip, Irak Islam memleketin qúrady (IIYM).

Irak Islam memleketining sodyrlary Siriyadaghy azamattyq soghysqa derbes әskery kýsh retinde tartylghandyqtan búl úiym 2013 jyldyng sәuir aiynda Irak jәne Siriya islam memleketi (ISIYM) nemese Irak jәne Sham islam memleketi (IShIYM) dep ataldy.

2014 jyly búl úiym Irak pen Sham jerinde islam halifattyghyn jariyalaydy.

Salystyrmaly taldau

Din Islamnyng negizgi qaynar kózderi Qúran jәne Sýnnet (Múhammed payghambardyng qaldyrghan ósiyetteri jәne amaldary). Búl ekeui – Islamnyng irgetasy. Kez-kelgen adamnyng nemese toptyn, qoghamnyng tipiti, memlektting Islamgha qanshalyqty jaqyn ekenin nemese kerisinshe, onyng Islamnan alshaq ekenin bilu ýshin Qúran jәne Sýnnetpen anyqtaugha bolady.

Boyyna Islam qúndylyqtaryn sinirgen imandy adam – kórkem minezdi adam. Qazaq búzyq, qiyanatshyl, kóregensiz adamdy «imansyz» dep aitady. Demek, «imandy» adam – jaqsy adam. «Islam» sózi beybitshilik, amandyq maghynalaryn bildirse, «músylman» sózi Allanyng әmirine boyúsynghan degen maghynany beredi. Olay bolsa, dindar, qúdayshyl әri taqua adam qalaysha Allanyng әmirine qarsy shyghyp, basqalardy qanisherlikke shaqyrmaq, jazyqsyz adamdardyng janyn almaq?! Óitkeni, Qúranda Alla taghala bylay dep әmir etedi:

«Bir-birlerindi óltirmender. Rasynda Alla senderge erekshe meyirimdi. Al kim aitylghandy dúshpandyq, zúlymdyqpen istese, ony jaqynda otqa salamyz. Búl – Allagha onay» (Nisa: 29-30).

Al endi IShIM sodyrlarynyng jarnamaýshin salyp otyratynghalamtorda tolyp jýrgen beynerolikterine nazar salsanyz, onda olardyng qatygezdigi men qansherligin sózben aityp jetkizu mýmkin emes.Múnda júrt aldynda ýlken nemesekishi, músylman nemese kәpir dep aiyrmastanjazalau rәsimin jýzege asyrady. Jazyqsyz jandar ayausyz atylyp, asylyp, bastary kesilip, qoysha bauyzdalyp jatady.

Shynayy Islamda jazyqsyz adamdy óltiru bylay túrsyn, januardy da qinaugha tiym salynghan. Tipti, imam Búhariyding senimdi hadister jinaghynda bir әielding mysyqty tamaqtandyrmay ash qaldyrghany ýshin tozaqqa týskeni turaly hadis bar. Búl әiel mysyqy qamap oghan tamaq bermegen, ne onyng ózine tyshqan aulap ústauyna mýmkindik jasamaghan eken. Sol ýshin ony Alla tozaqqa týsiripti (Ál-Asabatufiyt-Tamiiziyәs-Sahaba kitaby). Sondyqtan da dindi qadir tútqan qazaq maldy esh uaqytta qorlamaghan. Bala kezimizde auyldaghy apalarymyz: «Maldy teppe – obal bolady», – dep aitushy edi.

Eger Islam januardy qinaghan adamdy osylay jazalasa, onda kinәsiz adamdardy qinaghan, olargha kýsh kórsetken nemese jaryp jiybergenderge qanday jaza bermek?!Islamda adam ómiri, onyng qúqyghy qasiyetti úghymdar sanalyp, qatty saqtalady. Adamgha jan berip, oghan ómir syilaghan Alla. Adamnyng jany – Allanyng oghan bergen amanaty. Adamnyng janyn alugha Alladan basqa eshkimning qúqyghy joq:«Óltiriluine Alla tyiym salghan kisini naqaqtan óltirmender...» (Ángham: 151).

IYslam jasyqsyz adamdargha qarsy basqynshylyq jasaugha tyiym salady:

Jazyqsyz adamgha onyng ómirine, jeke mýlkine nemese ar-namysyna qatysty qandayda bir basqynshylyq jasaugha rúqsat bermeydi. Islamdaghy búl qaghida barlyghyna ten. Islam tarihynda Múhammed payghambar (s.gh.s.) ózining «Hadj әl-Uadagh» (qoshtasu qajylyghynda) halyqqa qarap, adamnyng ómirine, jeke mýlkine jәne ar-namysyna Qiyamet kýnine deyin qol súghylmauy tiyis ekenin aitqan: «Qiyamet kýninde adamdar arasynda alynatyn esepting birinshisi – adam óltiru» (Mýslimnyng riuayaty).

Islamdaghy búl talap tek músylmandar ýshin emes, bәlkim sol músylman memleketinde jasap jatqan barlyq adamdargha qatysty. Beybit ómirdi bylay qoyghanda, tipti úrys zamanynda da Islam soghysqa qatysy joq bala-shaghany, kempir men shaldy, әielder men ózge din qyzmetkerlerin qinaugha, atugha tiym salghan.

IShIM sodyrlarynyng keybir ústanymdary:

1. Músylman emes adamdy kýshtep dinge kirgizu. Bolmaghan jaghdayda óltirip tastau;

2. Ózin músylmanmyn degen adam namaz oqymasa – kәpir. Kәpirding ýkimi – ólim;

3. Músylman emes memlekette ómir sýrgen adam – taghutqa tabynady. («Taghut»arab sózi – adamdardyng Alladan basqa qúday etip tabynatyndary);

4. Patshasy namaz oqymaytyn memleket – kәpirlerding memleketi;

5. Ózin músylman sanaghan adam kәpirding memleketinen músylman memleketine nemese IShIM (halifatqa) kóshui kerek;

6. Namaz oqymaytyn otbasynan ajyrau qajet. Er adam namaz oqymaytyn әielin talaq etedi nemese әiel ózining namaz oqymaytyn kýieuimen ajyrasuy qajet jәne t.b.

Endi sodyrlardyng osy ústanymdarynabaylanysty jauaptardy Qúran jәne Sýnnetten izdep kóreyik.

Birinshi ústanymgha qatysty jauap:Búghan naqty jauapty Alla taghalanyng myna ayatynan kóremiz: «Dinde – kýshteu joq» (Baqara: 256). Demek, Islamda basqa bireudi dinge kýshtep, zorlap kirgizu degen joq. Dindi әrkim ózi erkimen, qalauymen jәne mahabbatymen kónil qoyyp qabyldaydy. Islam tarihynda da búghan mysaldar jeterlik. Birde bәdәuy kelip, sahabalarmen túrghan payghambardyng (s.gh.s.) jaghasyna shap beredi de dóreki sózder sóileydi. Onyng jaghasynan qatty ústaghany sonsha payghambardyng moyynynda qyzaryp shapanynyng izi qalady. Payghambardyng qasynda túrghan Omar siyaqty batyr sahaba әlgi әdepsizbәdauyding sazayyn beru ýshin qylyshyn jalanashtaghan uaqytta payghambar ony aqyryn ghana toqtatty. Sóitip, әlgi bәdauymen jyly sóilesip, kerisinshe oghan syi-qúrmet kórsetedi. Keyin, sol bәdauy músylman bolady.

Ekinshi ústanymgha qatysty jauap: Qúranda mynaday ayat bar: «Ey, adam balasy! Shyn mәninde, senderdi bir er, bir әielden (Adam, Hauadan) jarattyq. Sonday-aq bir-birindi tanularyng ýshin senderdi últtar, rular qyldyq» (Hujrat: 13).

Demek, adamdardyng әrtýrli boluy, últtar men úlystar, etnostyq toptar bolyp bólinui – Allanyng jaratylysy. Alla taghala Qúranda eshkimdi qatygezdikke, dúshpandyqqa shaqyryp otyrghan joq, kerisinshe, bir-birlerindi tanyp, aralasyp, tatu-tәtti ómir sýruge shaqyrady. Eger Alla qalasa, onda bizderdi últtar men úlystar etip jaratpay, barlyghymyzdy bir ýmbet etip jasaytyn edi:

«Ey, Múhammed! Eger Rabbyng qalasa, adamdardy bir-aq ýmmet qylar edi» (Hud: 118). Sondyqtan, bir memlekette týrli adamdardyng birge ómir sýrui jәne olardyng aluan týrli boluy – taghdyr. Músylman adam taghdyr mәselesinde talaspaydy. Óitkeni, taghdyrgha qarsy kelu – Qúdaydyng әmirine qarsy shyqqanmen ten. Islamda barlyq adamnyng qúqyghy ten. Islamda namaz oqityn jәne namaz oqymaytyn, músylman nemese ózge din ókili dep ajyratylmaydy.Islam tarihynda búghan dәlel kóp. Solardyng biri myna oqigha:

Halifa Omardyng kezinde bir yahudy hazireti Áliyding ýstinen shaghym aityp keledi. Sonda Omar: «Sen yahudiysin, al, sen Ály – músylmansyn», – dep eshkimdi bólip-jarghan joq kerisinshe, shaghymdanushy yahudy de, Ály de razy bolatynday әdil ýkim shyghardy. Al endi kim: «Lә iylәhaiyl-lalla», – dep kәlimasyn keltirse, sol músylman. Oghan sen músylman emessing dep aitugha eshkimning qúqyghy joq. Al endi, ol qanday músylman – búl basqa mәsele. Yaghni, ol imany әlsiz músylman ba, kýnәhar músylman ba? Múnyng úigharymyn Allagha tapsyrghan jón.

Ýshinshi ústanymgha qatysty jauap: Músylman emes memlekette ómir sýrgen adam taghutqa tabynady degen sózderining astarynda mynaday maghyna jatyr – músylman emes basshynyng aitqanyn istep, soghan tabynghan bolady. Onyng oghan boyúsynghany tabynghany bolyp sanalady. Olardyng múnday ústanymy qoghamda anyq býlik shygharudy kózdeydi. Al Qúran býlikten qatty qaytarghan:

«Býlik shygharu – adam óltiruden de auyr kýnә» (Baqara: 217). Óitkeni, býlik saldarynan qansha kinәsiz adamdar jer jastanuy mýmkin. Býlik – úiyp otyrghan elding tynyshtyghyn búzyp, berekesin qashyrady. Sondyqtan da býlik shygharushy adamgha Allanyng meyirimi de bolmaydy. Qúran bizge osyny aitady: «Alla býlik shygharushylardy sýimeydi» (Mayda: 64).

Tórtinshi ústanymgha qatysty jauap: Biz búl ústanymgha qatysty jauaptyng bir shetin jogharyda qarastyrdyq. Shynayy Islam, IShIM sodyrlary aitqanday qoghamdy «músylmandar» jәne «kәpirler» dep bólmeydi, kerisinshe birlikke shaqyryp, arazdanghan adamdardy jarastyrugha jigerlendiredi. Termezi, Ábu Dәuit jәne Ibn Mәjahnyng hadister jinaqtarynda mynaday habar keledi:

Bir kýni Múhammed payghambar (s.gh.s.) sahabalargha qarap:«Senderge mәrtebesi jaghynan oraza, namaz jәne sadaqadan da abzal nәrse jayynda habar bereyin be?» – dep súraydy. Sahabalar bir auyzdan: «Áriyne», – deydi. Sonda payghambar: «Ol – qyrqysushylyqty jarastyru», – dep aitady. Búghan qosa, Islam basshygha baghynugha әmir etedi: «Ey, mýminder! Sender Allagha boysúnyndar, payghambargha boysúnyndar jәne ózderinnen bolghan basshylargha da boysúnyndar» (Nisa: 59).

Besinshi ústanymgha qatysty jauap: Negizinde, músylman adam kәpirding memleketinen músylman eline kóshui kerek degen ústanymdy búlar sonau payghambardyng (s.gh.s.) dәuirinen alady. Mekkening mýshrikteri Múhammed payghambardy (s.gh.s.) qaladan qughan kezde ol kisi mәjbýr Mәdiyne shaharyna kóshken bolatyn. Mine, IShIM sodyrlary osy uaqighany dәlel retinde algha tartady. Sóitip, olar músylman qysymshylyq kórgen kәpir qoghamynan shyghyp, músylman eline kóshui qajet dep sanaydy. Biraq, olar bir jaghdaydy esten shygharghan siyaqty. Birinshiden, Múhammed payghambardy (s.gh.s.) qalanyng mýshrikteri quyp shyghardy, yaghny ol kisi Mekkeden mәjbýr kóshti. Ol óz erkimen qashyp shyqqan joq. Sonday-aq, qaladan shyghyp bara jatyp, artyna qarap, «Uatani, uataniy» yaghni, kindik qany tamghan jerdi qimay, kózderine jas alyp: «Otanym, mening otanym...», – dep aitty degen habar bar. Búl uaqigha Islam tarihynda anyq aitylady. Al bizding memlekette qanday músylmangha dini ýshin qysymshylyq jasalyp jatyr nemese ústanghan dini ýshin kimdi elden alastatyp jatyr? Eshkimge de múnday qysymshylyq jasalyp jatqan joq. Emin erkin ómir sýr, otbasyndy asyra, enbegindi jandandyr, qalaghan dinindi ústan. Ókinishke oray, osynday nasihatty estigen bilimsiz qazaq jigitteri otbasyn alyp, Siriyagha jihadqa shyghyp ketkenin jaqsy bilemiz. Halyqaralyq BAQ aqparattarynan estip otyrghanymyzday IShIYM-ge jan-jaqtan adasyp kelip jatqan jastar, sol «kәpir» memleketterinen qashyp, halifatqa kelip jatyrmyz dep oilap, adasqandar.

Jaqynda ghana ghalamtorda qazaq jigitterining soghys ýshinIShIYM-geshaqyrghan beynebayanyn kórdik. Saraptama jasadyq. Olar taghy da Qazaqstan azamattaryn otbastarymen «hijra jasaugha» (hijra – arab sózi. Qonys audaru, kóshu) ýndep otyr.On eki minutten astam uaqyt ayat-hadisterdi búrmalap, ótirik taldau jasalghan búl beyne bayanjastardy býlikke ýndeydi. Taghy da qarakóz jigitterimizding dinge degen senimin paydalanyp, olardyng emosiyalaryna yqpal etu arqyly Siriya, Iraq memleketterine soghysqa shaqyrdy.Beynerolikting qysqasha mazmúny: «Biz kәpirlerding memleketinde túryp jatyr ekenbiz. Biz Siriya, Iraq jerlerine jihadqa kelip, kózimiz ashyldy. Senderdi de osylay jasaugha shaqyramyz, kóp nәrseni týsinesinder, joldaryng jenil bolady. Múnda kelu onay. Otbastarymen kelip túryp jatqan qazaq bauyrlarymyz bar jәne sol siyaqty t.b.».

Beynerolikting maqsaty – úiyp otyrghan el ishinde býlik shygharu. Dindes әri bauyrlas adamdardy «músylman» jәne «kәpir» dep ekige bólip, bir-birimen soghystyryp qoi. Islam adamdardy bir-birimen dos bolugha shaqyrsa, IShIYM-dikter soghysqa ýndeydi.

Altynshy ústanymgha qatysty jauap:Búl mәselege qatysty taghy da aitarymyz:«Dinde – kýshteu joq» (Baqara: 256). Qazaq: «Qúday qosqan qosaghynmen aghar», – deydi. Alla eki jasty qosqan eken, endi ómirding aghyn da, qarasyn da ómirlik serigimen birge kóredi. Qayta, eger shynayy músylman bolsa, onda: «Senderding eng jaqsylaryng – әieline jәne qyzdaryna eng jaqsy mәmilede bolghandaryn», – degen hadiske amal qylghany jón (Bayhaqiyding riuayaty).

BÚÚ missiyasy men BÚÚ-nyng Adam qúqy jónindegi Jogharghy komissarynyng basqarmasy Iraktyng soltýstik audandaryndaghy halyqaralyq gumanitarlyq qúqyqtyng búzyluyna qatysty birlesken bayandamasynda Adam qúqyghy jónindegi basqarmanyng baspasóz hatshysy RupertKolvill bylay degen: «Búlar – zorlau, óltiru, jappay jazagha tartyp dargha asu, úrlau, meshitter men shirkeulerdi qiratu, әielderdi jynystyq qúldyqqa salu, balalargha zorlyq-zombylyq kórsetu jәne olardy úrys is-qimyldaryna tartu syndy qylmystar». Sonymen qatar bayandama avtorlary Iraktaghy shiyit, hristian, týrkimen, kýrd, ezid syndy etnikalyq әri diny azshylyq ókilderine jýieli týrde shabuyl jasalyp jatqandyghyn mәlimdeude.

Búl bar bolghany eki ailyq baqylau nәtiyjesi negizinde jasalghan bayandama. Al endi IShIYM-ning qolynda tútqynda onnan astam ay bolyp, eline aman oralghan fransuz jurnalisti Didie Fransua CNN-ge bergen súqbatynda mynaday jәitti aitqan. Ol on ay boyy IShIM mýshelerining Qúran oqyp otyrghandaryn kórmegen, ne Islam jayynda aitqan әngimelerin estimegen nemese bólmelerinde bir de bir Qúran núsqasyn bayqamaghan: «Eshqashan Qúran tәpsirining týsindirmesine qatysty әngimeni nemese Islamgha baylanysty uaghyzdy aityp otyrghanyn estimedim. Olardyng Qúrangha eshqanday qatysy joq. Olardyng ózderindede Qúran joq edi jәne ony bizge de bermeytin...».

IShIM sodyrlarynyng tarapynan adamgha jasaghan aiuandyq әreketterin kórgen keybir islam ghalymdary olardy Múhammed payghambardyng (s.gh.s.) aityp ketken adasushy hauarijder tobyna da jatqyzady. Óitkeni, olardyng kiyim kiyisteri, adamdardan erekshelinui, adamdy qoysha bouyzdaulary, naqty dәlelderdi kerek etpesten kýmәnge sýienip adamnyng taghdyryn sheshu, olardaghy qatygezdik siyaqty t.b. sipattary payghambardyng hauarijter turaly aitqan sipattarymen sәikes. Sonday-aq, aralarynda tanymal, músylman әlemi moyyndaghan nemese esimi belgili pәtuә berip otyrghan ghalymdary da joq...

Al endi hauarij degenimiz kimder? «Hauaridj» arab sózi – qarsy shyghu, bólinip shyghu siyaqty maghynalardy qamtidy. Memlekette býlik shygharghan sayasiy-diny top. Olar músylman memleketining ýshinshi halifasy Osman ibn Affandy sarayynda Qúran oqyp otyrghan jerde óltirgen. Keyin olar tórtinshi halifa, payghambardyng kýieu balasy Ály ibn Ábu Talibti de óltiredi. Payghambar harijitter turasynda: «Olar jaratylystyng eng jamany», – dep aitqan bolatyn (Mýslimning riuayaty).

Sonday-aq, keybir din mamandary IShIYM-ning artynda sayasy astardyng jatqanyn da joqqa shygharmaydy. Islamdy әlemge jaman etip kórsetu ýshin din dúshpandary IShIYM-dy shyghardy degen pikir de joq emes. Óitkeni, Islam әlemdegi eng jas din bolghanyna qaramastan, әlem halqy arasynda qoldau tauyp, tez tarap jatqan din. Qalay bolghanda da búl taqyryptyng sayasy astaryn óz mamandaryna qaldyrghanymyz dúrys shyghar.

Sonymen, Islamnyng atyn jamylyp, oilaryna kelgenin istep jatqan IShIM sodyrlarynyng múnday aiiandyq әreketterine artyq shyday almaghan músylman әlemining belgili ghalymdary da qosylyp, birauyzdan olargha qarsy shyghuda. Jaqynda IShIYM-ning basshysy Ábu Bәkir әl-Baghdady men onyng jaqtaushylaryna arnalghan jýz jiyrmadan astam islam ghúlamalary men muftiylerining qoldary qoyylghan ashyq hat jariyalandy.

Ashyq hatta ghalymdar sodyrlardyng jasap jatqan әreketteri men deklorasiyalaryna taldau jasap, olardyng Islam ústanymdaryna mýldem sәikes kelmeytinin bayandaydy. Olardyng tәubege kelip, qayyrymdylyq pen meyirimdilik dinine qaytularyn jәne terroristik әreketterin toqtatugha shaqyrady.

Qúmetti oqyrman, sizding nazarynyzgha Islamnyng atyn býrkenip, kinәsiz adamdardy qinap, Qúran men hadisterdi búrmalap adam týrshigerlik ister jasap jatqan IShIYM-ning basshylyqqa ústanatyn keybir ústanymdaryn bayandadyq, olargha qatysty jauaptar keltirdik. IShIYM-gearnap, músylman әlemi ghúlamalarynyng jazghan ashyq hatymen tanystyrdyq. Búl hattaIslam ghalymdarynyng IShIM úiymyna bildirgen pozisiyasyn kórdik. Atam qazaq: «Qoy terisin jamylghan qasyr», – demekshi ózderin «Iraq jәne Sham islam memleketi» jariyalaghan vizualdy memleketting ústanghan baghyty haq Islamnyng jolymen mýldem ýilespeydi. Elimiz tynysh, bolashaghymyz jarqyn bolsyn.

Jalghas Sandybaev,

dintanushy, filosofiya ghylymdarynyng kandidaty.

Abai. kz

Avtordan eskertu: Maqalada mýmkindiginshe «Islam memleketi» atauyn qoldanghanymyz joq. Múnyng ornyna IShIM sózin paydalanghandy jón kórdik.