Amanjol BEKENÚLY. ALTAY ASQAN ALASh ARYSTARY
Qazaq halqynyng tarihynda erekshe manyzgha ie oqigha Alash avtonomiyasy men «Alashorda» ýkimetining qúryluy. 1917 jyly jeltoqsan aiynyng 5-13 júldyzy aralyghynda Orynbor qalasynda ekinshi jalpy qazaq sezi ótedi. Búl sezdi ótkizu turaly sheshim osy jyldyng sәuir aiyndaghy Torghay qazaqtarynyng jiynynda qabyldanghan. Negizgi úiymdastyrushylar: Á. Bókeyhanov, A. Baytúrsynov, E. Omarov, S. Dosjanov, M. Dulatovtar.
Osy tarihy jiyngha 9 oblys (Aqmola, Torghay, Semey, Jetisu, Syrdariya, Oral, Bókey ordasy, Ferghana, Samarhand) jәne Altay guberniyasynda túratyn qazaqtardan barlyghy 82 ókil qatysqan. Múnda kýn tәrtibine 10 mәsele qoyylghan. Sonyng ekinshisi, Alash avtonomiyasyn jariyalau edi. Á. Bókeyhanov bastaghan top avtonomiya jariyalau әzir erterek degen pikir ústanghan. Ekinshi bir Halel jәne Jansha Dosmúhamedov bastaghan top dereu avtonomiya jariyalau qajet degen pikirde bolghan. Aqyry Alash avtonomiyasyn jariyalau turaly bir sheshimge toqtap, Alashorda ýkimetin qúrghan. Ýkimet tóraghasyna Álihan Bókeyhanov saylanyp, 25 adamnyng qúramyna ýkimet mýshelerin taghayyndaghan.
Alash avtonomiyasynyng aumaghyna joghardaghy 9 oblys, 1 guberniyada túratyn qazaqtar jәne Ámudariya, Zakaspiy uezderining qazaqtary qatysty delingen. Aryqaray әsker-milisiya qúru, qarjy tabu joldary qarastyrylghan.
Qazaq halqynyng tarihynda erekshe manyzgha ie oqigha Alash avtonomiyasy men «Alashorda» ýkimetining qúryluy. 1917 jyly jeltoqsan aiynyng 5-13 júldyzy aralyghynda Orynbor qalasynda ekinshi jalpy qazaq sezi ótedi. Búl sezdi ótkizu turaly sheshim osy jyldyng sәuir aiyndaghy Torghay qazaqtarynyng jiynynda qabyldanghan. Negizgi úiymdastyrushylar: Á. Bókeyhanov, A. Baytúrsynov, E. Omarov, S. Dosjanov, M. Dulatovtar.
Osy tarihy jiyngha 9 oblys (Aqmola, Torghay, Semey, Jetisu, Syrdariya, Oral, Bókey ordasy, Ferghana, Samarhand) jәne Altay guberniyasynda túratyn qazaqtardan barlyghy 82 ókil qatysqan. Múnda kýn tәrtibine 10 mәsele qoyylghan. Sonyng ekinshisi, Alash avtonomiyasyn jariyalau edi. Á. Bókeyhanov bastaghan top avtonomiya jariyalau әzir erterek degen pikir ústanghan. Ekinshi bir Halel jәne Jansha Dosmúhamedov bastaghan top dereu avtonomiya jariyalau qajet degen pikirde bolghan. Aqyry Alash avtonomiyasyn jariyalau turaly bir sheshimge toqtap, Alashorda ýkimetin qúrghan. Ýkimet tóraghasyna Álihan Bókeyhanov saylanyp, 25 adamnyng qúramyna ýkimet mýshelerin taghayyndaghan.
Alash avtonomiyasynyng aumaghyna joghardaghy 9 oblys, 1 guberniyada túratyn qazaqtar jәne Ámudariya, Zakaspiy uezderining qazaqtary qatysty delingen. Aryqaray әsker-milisiya qúru, qarjy tabu joldary qarastyrylghan.
Keshikpey balshabekter biyligi kýsheyip ketuine baylanysty Alash avtonomiyasynyng órisi taryldy. 1918 jyldyng nauryz aiynda Oraldan Halel jәne Jansha Dosmúhamedovtar Mәskeuge baryp, Halyq komissarlary kenesining tóraghasy Lenin jәne últ isteri boyynsha halyq komissary Stalinderge jolyghady. Qysqasyn aitqanda kelissóz nәtiyjesiz ayaqtalady. Qazaq dalasyn basqaruda balshebek Á. Jangeldinning yqpaly arta bastaydy.
Osy kezden bastap qazaq últshyldary Sibir uaqytsha ýkimeti (Omby) men Býkilreseylik qúryltay jinalysynyng (Samara) quatyna sýienbek bolady. 1918 jyly shilde aiynda Samaradaghy Uaqytsha ýkimet Alashordagha 2 mln som aqsha 3000 әskerge qaru jaraq berip kómektesedi. Tek Batys Alashordagha 2000 myltyq, 37 pulemet, 2 zenbirek bergen eken. Onyng ózi qazaqtardy qyzyldargha aidap saludyng bir baghyty edi. Al, Býkilreseylik qúryltay jinalysy Alash avtonomiyasyn moyyndaudan bas tartqan.
Osynday qiyn-qystau jaghdaydan keyin Alash qayratkerleri әrtýrli joldar izdegen. Sonyng biri sheteldegi qazaqtarmen baylanys jasap olardy Alash shanyraghyna biriktiru isi bolatyn. 1917 jyldyng beyresmy deregi boyynsha Reseyge baghynyshty ólkelerde 5 mln. 400 myng qazaq túrghan. Al shetelde qazaqtar Qytay men Monghol elderinde ghana bar edi. Osy tústa Qytay elinde 150 myngha tarta qazaq bolsa, Monghol elinde 20 mynnyng shamasynda eken.
1918 jyldyng kókteminde Alashtyng keybir kósemderi Semeyge jinalyp aqyldasady. Múndaghy maqsat sheteldegi qazaqtargha baryp, onda Alash iydeyasyn nasihattau edi. Búl basqosugha Abaydyng aqyn shәkirti Kókbay Janatayúly, Abaydyng balasy Túraghúl Abayúly, ataqty baluan Qajymúqan Múnaytpasúly bastaghan alash ardaqtylary qatysady. (1-suret).
Osy jyldyng jazynda Qytay elin betke alyp Alash kósemi Ahmet Baytúrsynov, Mirjaqyp Dulatov, Salyq Amanjolov, Rayymjan Mәrsekovter jolgha shyghady. Olar Aqsuat ólkesin basyp ótip, Shәueshek qalasyna barady. Kezinde Semey qalasynda túryp, osynda qonys audarghan kópes Ramazan Shәnishevting ýiine týsedi. Eldi jinap kelgen maqsattaryn aitady. Osy kezdesuda әigili әnshi, aqyn Áset Naymanbayúly da bolady. Ataqty «Alash» atty tolghauyn shygharghan. Áset aqynnyng eki jyldyng aldynda 1916 jyly osy ólkege birjola qonys audarghan kezi-tin.
Alash kósemderining búl saparynan bizge múra bolyp jetken eki dýnie bar. Olar: Shәueshekte Ahandardy suretke týsirgen Ahmetjannyn fotosy (2-suret )men Ásetting tolghauy.
Mirjaqyp óleng ait dep, qolqaladyn,
Men be, aqyn sen túrghanda oy tabatyn,
Alash - dep aghayyngha saugha salyp,
Ahang er otyrmay ma jol tabatyn, - dep, sóz bastaghan Áset aqyn Ahana birshama naz aitady. Shyn mәninde Alash ardaqtylarynyng búl saparyn jergilikti júrt tym qúptay qoymaghan. Ol jayynda Ásetting aitqan jyrynan da bayqalyp túr. Mysaly:
O, Aha, ne degening - býy degenin,
Alashqa bar qazaqty jy degenin,
Syrtta jýrgen aghayyn suyq bauyr,
Oghan mysy jýrmeydi týzdegi eldin,
Jaryssang - tóbege ozyp shyqsang netti,
Beldesseng belin ýzip jyqsang netti,
Tozghan elden toyynar kýy izdemey,
Óz halindi anyqtap úqsang netti, - deytin narazy kózqaras bar.
Shәueshekke kelgen Alash ókilderin qazaqtyng auqatty bayy Qúsayyn ózi ertip Ýrimjige aparady. Olardy Shynjang ólkesining biyleushisi Yan Zyn Shin qabyldaydy. Kezdesuden esh nәtiyje shyqpaghan. Búl arada eskere ketetin jayt Shәueshek qalasynda bayaghydan kele jatqan orys konsuly bolghan. Osy konsul Kenes ýkimetining mýddesine oiysqan boluy kerek. Sondyqtanda Alash arystarynyng saparyna shekteu qoyylghan. Tipti arystardyng qanday sharuamen kelgenin de bilip otyrghan. Tez qaytugha mәjbýrlegen.
Ahang men Jahana erip barghan Sadyq Amanjolov pen Rayymjan Mәrsekovter jayynda aitar bolsaq, S. Amanjolov ekinshi jalpy qazaq sezinde Jetisu oblysy atynan Alashorda ýkimetining mýsheligine saylanghany turaly derek bar. Qughyn - sýrgin jyldarynan aman ótip, 1941 jyl qaytys bolghan.
Al, Rayymjan Mәrsekov - Alashordanyng shyghys bólimshesining beldi ókilderining biri. Alash polkyn jasaqtaghan. Alashtyng úrany «Saryarqa» gazetin Semeyde shygharyp túrghan. Azamat soghysy jyldary jergilikti halyqty azyq-týlik, kiyim-keshekpen qamtamasyz etu ýshin shyghystaghy Vladivostok qalasyna baryp, amerikandyq «Meyer» firmasymen shart jasap Semeyge 15 million somnyng zatyn әkelip halyqty qamtamasyz etken qayratker. Joghary bilimdi zanger. 1922 jyly Semey guberniyasynyng atqau komiytetinde ýlken qyzmet atqaryp jýrip, jalghyz týnde Qytay eline asyp ketken. Qytay elinde jýrip 1939-40 jyldary atylghan.
Osy Alash arystary qaytar jolynda jaylauda otyrghan Tanghyt ýkirdaydyng auylyna kelip at suytqan. Artynan Tanghyt Enseúlyna «Alashordagha býiregi búrghan» degen jala jabylyp 73 jasynda búl adamda atugha búiyrylghan. Alash arystarynyng osy sapary kezinde birge jýrgen didarlasqan adamdardyng kóbi artynan atylghan, asylghan.
Búdan biz 1937-38 jyldardaghy jappay jazalau nauqany Qytaydaghy qazaqtardy da ainalyp ótpegenin angharamyz.