Jalpy romandar, joghary mәrtebelining ózi jazghan romandar turaly traktasiya

Áriyne, sen, әielim, men, iya men, sening kýieuing roman jazghanyn bilgende tanqalarsyn. Biraq búl búrynyraqta, mening jastyq shaghymda, men jas, qyzu qandy bolghan kezimde boldy. Mening romandarym qazirgidey emes bolatyn. Men zúlymdy jazaladym, ony eng jekkórinishti, nas keyipte sipattadym. Barlyq anghyrt jastyqta kóz aldap shaqyrghan saghymgha aldanghandar sekildi ainalystym. Jastyq, jastyq, sen ne istetpedin... Rasymen aq myrzalar, men shynymen romandar jazdym, biraq men qazirgidey jazghan joq edim. Al qayyrymdy jan jaryq júldyz siyaqty ómir aghysynyng ashyq aspanynda jarqyrap túrdy. Aspandy torlaghan qara búlttar tarqap, qayyrymdylyq jeniske jetti. Men ózimdi naghyz roman jazushy ex professo sanadym. Eger maximum - jeke túlghanyng әdeby qabiletining eng jogharghy dengeyi retinde jarqyn kózqarasty, qyzyqty etip әngimeleu, adamnyng jeke jәne qoghamdyq ómirdegi beynesin tabighy qalpynda suretteudi alsaq, mening enbekterim búl talaptargha tolyq sәikes kelip, eng qatang syngha tótep berer edi.

Jalpy romandar, joghary mәrtebelining ózi jazghan romandar turaly traktasiya

Áriyne, sen, әielim, men, iya men, sening kýieuing roman jazghanyn bilgende tanqalarsyn. Biraq búl búrynyraqta, mening jastyq shaghymda, men jas, qyzu qandy bolghan kezimde boldy. Mening romandarym qazirgidey emes bolatyn. Men zúlymdy jazaladym, ony eng jekkórinishti, nas keyipte sipattadym. Barlyq anghyrt jastyqta kóz aldap shaqyrghan saghymgha aldanghandar sekildi ainalystym. Jastyq, jastyq, sen ne istetpedin... Rasymen aq myrzalar, men shynymen romandar jazdym, biraq men qazirgidey jazghan joq edim. Al qayyrymdy jan jaryq júldyz siyaqty ómir aghysynyng ashyq aspanynda jarqyrap túrdy. Aspandy torlaghan qara búlttar tarqap, qayyrymdylyq jeniske jetti. Men ózimdi naghyz roman jazushy ex professo sanadym. Eger maximum - jeke túlghanyng әdeby qabiletining eng jogharghy dengeyi retinde jarqyn kózqarasty, qyzyqty etip әngimeleu, adamnyng jeke jәne qoghamdyq ómirdegi beynesin tabighy qalpynda suretteudi alsaq, mening enbekterim búl talaptargha tolyq sәikes kelip, eng qatang syngha tótep berer edi.

Men qazirgi zaman jazushylaryn mýlde qoldamaymyn. Áygili Jorj Sand ózining jogharghy dәrejedegi utopiyalyq iydeyalarymen, oqshaulanghan baqytqa úmtylumen, tәnsiz kemeldikpen jәne taghy da basqa týsiniksiz armanmen, mening kózqarasymsha, sabap alugha túratyn qynyr qatyn tәrizdi (jogharghy mәrtebelim kýldi ghoy deymin). Onyng jazghanynyng barlyghy bos eligushilik, ritorikalyq figuralar, dóreki paydakýnemdik. Tek talghamy búzylghan, eshqanday әielge tәn qylyghy joq әielder ghana Du Devan hanymnyng emansipasiyalyq bos qiyalyn oqyp, que cest charmant!*1 búl qanday keremet dep kózderin júmyp tanday qaghuy mýmkin. Búl eshqanday da "charmant" emes, әsheyin qarabayyr qiyal men úsqynsyz exsalte.

Mine, taghy bir pút - Gogoli. Qúday ýshin aitynyzdarshy myrzalar, sizder onyng shygharmalarynan - qarabayyr tirlikti sipattau, dәmdi taghamdardy suretteu, qamyrlar men týshparalardyng әlemi jәne jәrmenke men kabaktan jinalghan anayy sózderden basqa ne tabasyzdar? Kitapty qolyna alsang boldy, shoshqa mayynyn, qaramaydyn, temeki, týtin iyisi shyghady. Fi donc! machere*2, Gogolidy eshqashanda oqyma. Onyng búl josparlary tek kire tartushylargha ghana jaraydy. Sizding aldynyzda mýlde jana, ýzbe qamyrlar men týshparalardyng әlemi ashylatyn, yaghny birinshi orynda shoshqalar túratyn әlemning nesi tartymdy? Búl maghan únaydy, mekemelerde shoshqalar qydyryp jýr edi. Búl degenimiz - óz Otanynyng zandaryna eshqanday qúrmet kórsetpeu jәne qasiyetti úghymdardyng barlyghyn kekesinmen kýlki etu degen sóz. Onyng «Revizory» ótirik, bitip bolmaytyn úshan teniz ótirik! Oryndyqtyng úshyna otyratyn Molohovtardy ol qaydan kórip jýr. Men, qúdaygha shýkir, Reseydi úzynynan da, kóldeneninen de kezip shyqtym, biraq esh jerden Dobchinskiy men Bobchinskiylerdi me? Olardy kezdestirmedim, tipti bizde, Sibirde, múnday keyipkerler joq. Kanskidegi2 sot, mine sol onbaghan (siz ony I. V. jazasyz)!, ha-ha-ha. Al Berdskidegi3 polisiya bastyghy naghyz jyrtqyshtardyng túqymy, onyng ózi de Gogoliding gorodnichiyimen salystyrghanda azamat! (ýzilis)

IYә, men ne jayynda aityp edim? Á, óz romandarym turaly. Al, myrzalar, tyndanyzdar jәne qúlaqtarynyzgha qúiyp alynyzdar: ne aitsam da sinire berinizder, ras aitamyn. Men ósiyet retinde barlyghynyzgha, әsirese, saghan aitamyn. Áyeli kýieuin syilasyn (kýledi). Men romandardy... kýireuik sezimderdi beyneleu ýshin jazghan joqpyn. Óz romandarymdy basyp shygharmaghanym ókinishti..., biraq kezinde oghan qolym tiymedi. Qyzmet, әskery ekzersiya jәne ózime qoyghan general bolu mindetim romantikalyq beyimdiligimnen ýstem týsip, kabiynetimning bir týkpirinde әskery avtorlardyng ortasynda, ózge, anaghúrlym irgeli bilgirlikke boy tartyp, әskery óner men júmysymmen tyghyz baylanysty pәn retinde - matematikany oqy bastadym.

Bir romannyng jelisin men arab jәne abissiniya patshayymynyng Sýleymen4 patshagha elshiligi turaly Injil hikayasynan aldym. Ózimshe jenil tilmen jәne qyzyqty mazmúnmen kópshilikti tanystyryp, qoghamgha kónedegi arabtar men abissinderding dini men әdet ghúrpy, tarihymen tanystyryp  әne ózim ashqan janalyghymdy ghylym men*3 ónerde tanymal etsem dedim.

Sol kezeng tarihynyng beymәlim faktilerin qyzyqty da aiqyn etip týsindirdim. Faktiler shama jetkenshe qisyndy, dәlelder kýshti boldy... Oqigha orny ótetin jer, teatr etip men Bab el Mandeb búghazyn tandadym. Týn. Arabtardyng shatyry men qúmdy beleste túrghan patshayymnyng jeke shatyry. Baqytty Arabiyanyng (Arabia felix) shýigin shalghynynda jayylyp jýrgen týieler. Júldyzdy aspan jәne ai. Týngi sәule osy kórinisterge dirildegen jaryq shashyp túr. Búghazdyng qaharly shyndary ýrey tóndire qarayady. Teniz úiqyda, al aidyng beynesi Neptunnyng qong qyzyl sularynda shaghylysady. Ár jerde jaltyldap janghan alaular keyde jarqyray týsedi, sol alaudyng aldynda otyrghan arab әielderi shaghyn keshki asyn әzirleude. Tek patshayymnyng jeke shatyrynda ghana jaryq kórinbeydi. Ol bir qolyn jaghyna tayanyp oilanyp otyr, al ekinshi qolymen marjan tastan jasalghan alqasyn termelep otyr (marjandar Qara tenizden alynatyn, sondyqtan onyng alqasy boluy tiyis). Ol Sýleymen turaly, onyng danalyghy turaly oilaydy. Ol patshagha syrttay ólerdey ghashyq. Kenetten ol júldyzdy aspangha kózin tigip, eki kózinen móldirep jas aghyp, kókke minajat etedi, sebebi arabtar sabey dininde (júldyzgha tabynushylar) bolghan.

Ghylymy túrghydan alghanda, V jәne VI bólimder óte qyzyqty bolatyn. V bólimde birneshe ekskazda*4 Qara tenizde marjan teru tәsilderi sipattalady. Men osy jerde, marjan óndiru әdisi arabtardyng Afrika qúrlyghyna kóship, ony otarlaugha sebep boldy dep qiyalymdy sharyqtattym. Qonys audaru orny «Joqtau qaqpasy» dep atalghan Bab әl Mandeb búghazy boldy. Osy jerde men qorqynyshty, jan týrshiktiretin kórinisti sipattadym. Dauyl túryp, tenizding ýidey tolqyndary kóterilip qúz jaghalaugha soghylghan kezde, mýk basqan tastardy aq kóbikke orap, jaghalau dym tartyp, túmangha ainalady. Doly dauyldyng qúshaghynda batyl tenizshilerding qayyqtary qarayyp, teniz betinde janqalar tәrizdi qalqyp jýr. Qiiy qashqan qayyqtardy jútyp qoyghysy kelgendey tolqyndar kóterilip, kenetten qayyqtardy basyp qalady. Jaghalaudan ýreyli dauystar estiledi. Búl shashtaryn meduza Atanyn*5 basy siyaqty jayghan olardyng әielderi. Adal jarlary janyn qoyargha jer tappay, dauys qylyp, tek qúr shynghyra beredi. Jel olardyng dauystaryn basyp, shashtaryn, jenil kiyimderin jelbiretedi. Olar qara shynnyng basynda jyn-oynaqqa jinalghan mystandar siyaqty kórinedi.

Jalpy romantizm jәne asa mәrtebelining

romandary turaly traktasiya

Hristian jyl sanauyna deyingi 900 jyldarda jazylghan adamgershilik-filosofiyalyq ghibratty roman aqylmen tanugha jәne beyneli sipatta jazylghan. Roman estetikalyq payymdau ruhyndaghy adamgershilikke jәne ghibratqa toly. Maqsaty - didaktikalyq belletristika.

Romantizm turaly osynday traktasiya jazuyma sebep, dúrysy arqau bolghan kelesi jaghday: M. G.5 jaman sóz aitpastan, ýzildi kesildi bylay dep mәlimdedi: romandar - jalghan, onyng ishinde jazylghannyng bәri ótirik, sondyqtan roman oqityn hanymdardyng bәri jalghan aitugha ýirenedi, demek, ótirikshiler. Múnyng bәri fakt, kýmәn keltiruge bolmaytyn aksioma siyaqty berik aitylghany sonshalyq, bizding barlyghymyz tik túryp bir auyzdan kelisuimizge tura keldi. Sol kezde joghary mәrtebeli barlyghyna, әsirese, әielderge arnap kelesi aqiqat sózderdi nemese ózi aitqanday dәldikti jetkizuge keng peyilimen marhabat etti.

Áriyne, jarym men, iyә, mening bir kezderi, bayaghyda roman jazghanymdy bilgende qatty tandanarsyn. Rasynda da, myrzalar, men roman jazdym jәne óte jaqsy jazdym. Men ózimdi naghyz roman jazushy ex professo*6 sanadym. Biraq qyzmet tapsyrystar, әskery ekzersiya jәne ózime qoyghan general jәne taktik bolu mindetim búl balalyq oiymdy jelge úshyryp, men neghúrlym teren, neghúrlym irgeli ghylymgha berilip, filosofiya, tarih pen jer sharyndaghy barlyq tiri jәne óli elderding diny senimderin oqy bastadym.

Bir romannyng sujetin men Injildegi arab nemese Abissiniya patshayymynyng (ekeuining bir ekenin birinshi bolyp dәleldegen menmin, onyng bәrin óz romanymda bayandadym), sonymen arab patshayymynyng Sýleymen patshagha elshiligi turaly hikayadan aldym. Ózimshe jenil tilmen jәne qyzyqty mazmúnmen kópshilikti kóne arabtar men abissinderding dini men әdet-ghúrpy, tarihymen tanystyryp, sol uaqyttaghy kýmәni kóp faktilerin de, jalpy adamzat damuynyng tarihyndaghy da, ghylymdar salasyndaghy bajaylap týsindiretin óz janalyqtarymdy kópke úsynsam dep edim.

Men bәrin jaqsy jazdym, dәlelderim nyq. Olardy sol kezde jariya etpegenim ókinishti, biraq oghan qolym tiymedi. Oqigha orny ótetin jer etip (ózine riza kýlki) men Bab әl Mandeb búghazyn tandadym (taghy da sonday kýlki). Sizder búl búghazdyng qayda ekenin bilesizder me? Saual tikeley maghan baghyttalghandyqtan, men músylman retinde biletinimdi rastadym jәne tik sóilep, onyng audarmasy «Jylap enireu qaqpasy» dedim. IYә, ghylymy túrghydan alghanda, V jәne VI bólimder óte qyzyqty bolatyn. V bólimde marjan teru tәsilderin sipattap, ózime ghana tәn oidy damytyp, qiyalymdy sharyqtattym, marjan aulau әdisi arabtardyng Afrika qúrlyghyn otarlauyna jәne oghan kóshuge sebep boldy dep jazdym (abissindikterdi arabtardyng emigrasiyalyq koloniyasy sanaymyn). Búl qonys audaru... (úzaq ýnsizdik) shamasy, yaghny qonys audaru orny, shamasy (kýlki, mazasyz isharalar, ólerdey kýlkisi kelip, uday ashy qaljyng aitqysy kelgen, ózine ghana belgili sebeptermen kýle almaytyn adamnyng jaghdayy), aqyr ayaghy, qolymen ýsteldi bir úryp: Grardafuy mýiisi*7 dedi. Qúpiyalap aitar bolsaq, j. m. búl mýiisting sonyn aitqan kezde basqasha dybystady, sondyqtan sóz kýlkili dereksiz oiyn sózge ainalyp, onyng әielin qúlaghynyng úshyna deyin qyzarugha mәjbýrledi, al bizdi sonshalyqty dirildegen kýige týsirip, biz úzaq uaqyt, joghary mәrtebelimning tilimen aitqanda osy sózding qúpiya maghynasyn әshkereleuge tyrystyq, ayaghynda basymyzgha týk kirmey, joghary mәrtebelimning tereng syny oiyna, bayandau darynyna, ensiklopediyalyq bilimine - onyng gogolidik ýlgidegi әzilin tereng týsindik.

Kelesi roman taza tәrbiyelik-psihologiyalyq maghynada boldy. Men ony «Alifa men Vita» dep atadym (óte tereng oilylyqty bildiru). Onda patsha - aqyl, erik-jigerding erkin kýshi jәne taghdyrdy beynelep men geteronomiyanyng (adam erkining syrtqy tabighy kýshterge tәueldiligi) aqiqat emestigin jәne joq ekenin dәleldedim. Aldymen belgili dәrejede jeke túlghanyng parasattylyghyn qúraytyn ruhany qozghaushy kýshterdin, bylaysha aitqanda substansiyasyn beynelep, men olardyng jalpylay balamasyn, basqasha aitqanda, aqyl oy men erik jigerding jaryqqa shyghuyn, ózara baylanysyn, qasiyet sipatyn anyqtadym. Jekeley alghanda, aqyl oy men taghdyrdyng әreketine jәne jaryqqa shyghuyna (relation) erekshe kónil bólip, búl sózderdi tura maghynada qabylday otyryp, aqyl oidyng fatum jәne relyasiyagha tiygizetin әserine erekshe nazar audardym. Ekinshi bólimge men latynsha epigraf tandadym: Volentem ducunt fata, nolentem trahunt - jýrgisi kelgendi taghdyr jeteleydi, jýrgisi kelmegendi sýireydi. Mening kózqarasym congruism men biraz úqsas, biraq biraz qarama qayshy boldy. Taghdyrgha men anomaniya retinde qarap, ertedegi parsylardyng Arimany6 Morgannyng fatasy7 dýley, jazalaushy kýshin beyneleydi degen úghymdy damyttym. Rasynda da, búl roman apriori rasionaldy túrghyda dәleldengen, kóptegen jana iydeyalardy qamtydy, óz basymda bolghan tәjiriybelerge negizdeldi. Búl shyndyghynda dereksiz-filosofiyalyq jәne roman týrindegi nasihattyq maqsaty bar kitap boldy - kóptegen anyq zerttelmegen filosofiyalyq jәne diny mәseleler, nemistik túman men qapastyng ishinen ne qarastyrugha bolady (ezu tartady), osylaysha, germandyq filosoftar [anyq zerttemegen] mәseleler: Kant8, aghayyndy Shlegelider9, Gerder10 jәne taghy basqalardy óte týsinikti dәrejede osy romanda jәne ózge eki dissertasiyada jazdym.

Kezinde men anthropomorphism - qúdaygha adam keypin baratyn ghylymdy qarastyryp, ol «Adam úryghy» - diny mәsele. Ártýrli tildegi jәne kózqarastaghy transsendentti dereksiz, irgeli jәne jaghymdy, diny ruhtaghy, enjarlyq (indifferentizm), abskurantizm ruhyndaghy shygharmalardy kóp oqydym. Bәrin tәjiriybe jýzinde tekserdim, әskery synshyl kózqaraspen óz basymnan ótkerip, әjeptәuir sezgishtik avtonomiyalyq týrde kórsetilgen (aqyl oy tek aqyl oy zanyna qyzmet etedi degen kýsh) manyzdy nәtiyjelerge qol jetkizdim. Eki shygharmamda qúday joly missiyasy turaly teoriya men iydealizm teoriyasy turaly enbekter aitylghan. Jarym mening (keshirim ótinemiz, j. m. keyde estetikalyq dereksizdik aqyl oy tolqynysynda dereksiz tanushylyghy absolutti dәrejege kóterilip, bizding júldyzdar astyndaghy planetamyzdyng - adamdar mekendeytin jerding jәne bizding pәniylik ekenimizdi úmytyp, j. m. Bizdi - Europa, Aziya, Afrika, Amerika jәne Avstraliya qúrlyqtarynyng túrghyndaryn ay jәne basqa planeta túrghyndarynan (Ay adamdar, Mars adamdar, Yupiyter adamdar dep atalady jәne t. b.) basqalardan bizdi ajyratu ýshin solay ataytyn. Sonshalyqty jenil jәne kýlkili, ayaly, (rasynda da, júbayym-janym, óte ayaly emes pe?) ózining jaryn, qúrmetti generalsha Gasfordty osylay erkeletedi. Ary qaray jalghastyrayyq. Mening әielim sharshady, myrzalar (әielining iyghynan jenil qaghyp jiberedi jәne jauap retinde sol qolgha tiygen birneshe sýiis), men kóp sóilep kettim, túratyn uaqyt boldy.

- IYә, qymbattym, sening kýieuing bir zamanda romanist bolghan, biraq óte júmysbasty boldy, alayda anaday (ezu tartady) kýireuik Jorj Sand nemese anaday Gogoli siyaqty emes, sizder sonshalyqty tang qalatynday men olardan eshtene tappadym. Men... (tisin shúqylaydy).

Al men Dikkens tәrizdi jazdym: tereng patetikalyq jәne әzil-qaljyng tonmen... (syranyng songhy jútymyn ishedi). Ókinishti, U.*8 myrza, qazirde búl romandar mende joq, әitpese men sizge ony tolyq jәne barlyq qúqyqpen iyemdenuge berer edim («t» erekshe ekpinmen jәne ysqarta aitylady), eger siz olardy óz atynyzben basyp shygharsanyz, sóz joq, eng jaqsy jazushy degen mәrtebeli ataqqa ie bolyp, kóne aqynnyng ólenin qaytalay alar ediniz: «Nostri non plena ix boris»*9 (sony).

2 nauryz. Keybir óz ghúmyryn ghylym men jaqyndaryna payda әkeluge arnaghan jeke túlghalardyng shynayy jәne janama qasiyetteri turaly keybir ótkir oilary boyynsha, ózderin ózge pendelerden medikter dep oqshaulaghanymen, a. j. m. ýshin empirikalyq ózimshilder degen ataumen tanymal.

Barlyq emdeushiler, bylaysha aitqanda, Eskulaptyn11 abyzdary - jalpy adamzat saulyghynyng dosy jәne saqtaushy, eger olargha filosofiyalyq kózqaraspen qarasan, júrttan ótken ózimshilder. Búl jaghdaymen kez kelgen konsekventti*10 adam kelisedi, sebebi eng egoist túlghalar, yaghny ózgelerding arqasynda kýn kóretin, astarlap aitqanda ómirimen kýn kóretin adamdar, men búl jerde ómir degendi, týsinesizder me, empirikalyq maghynasynda alyp otyrmyn (kýlki).

Adam ómiri degen ne? Nemese adam ómirining mәni nede? - Áriyne, men jalpy qalyng búqara turaly aityp otyrmyn: olar ýshin ómir mәni: aqsha men lәzzat alu. Songhynyng bastau alatyn jeri alghashqynyng kózi. Dәriger sizden ekeuin de ala alady.

Men búl materrriyany («r» әrpine erekshe ekpin qoyyp, sozyp aitady) damytqym kelmeydi, Siz dәriger retinde (dәriger K. myrzagha qaratyp aitylghan sóz jәne barynsha jarqyn kýlip) jaqsy bilseniz kerek. Shynynyzdy aitynyzshy, bizge qalay qaraysyz?... siz týsinip túrsyz, anau... aqshany kóbirek beretin subekt retinde emes pe? Moyyndanyz. Sonymen... men ne dedim...

- IYә, sizding dәriger bauyrlarynyz turaly... Olar [qúrmetti myrzalar] ózimshilder, men ony jana ghana induksiyamen dәleldedim. Demek, logikalyq túrghydan alghanda, ergo: dәrigerler - apodiktikalyq*11 ózimshilder, al ózimshilder adamzatqa dos emes, qoghamgha jat túlghalar, olar býkil denege әser etetin aurugha shaldyqqan bir mýshening auyruy siyaqty, kózge týsken shel sekildi.

Sonymen, dәrigerler búdan bylay empirikalyq egoister dep qana atalugha tiyis. Dit haut!*12.

5 nauryz. Áyel tabighatynyng ózgesheligi turaly talassyz aqiqatty tolyqtyryp, rastauy jәne dәleldeui tiyis bir venger hanymy turaly hikayat.