Qazaq rulary men taypalarynyng arghy tarihyn zertteude, eng aldymen olardyng tanbalyq belgilerin zertteuding qajetiligin alghash angharghan N. Aristov bolsa, onyng pikirlerin terendete zerttegen S. Amanjolov boldy. Olar belgili bir atadan rudyn, odan taypanyn, odan taypalyq odaqtyng qalyptasu joldaryn rulyq tanbalardy zertteu arqyly anyqtaugha bolatynyna sendi. Ári osy maqsatta negizgi taypalardy anyqtaugha tyrysty.1 Osylaysha tanbany negiz ete otyryp S. Amanjolovtyng zertteuinshe, qazaq qanly, qypshaq, qonyrat, alshyn, nayman, oshaqty, sherkesh, esentemir, júi, jaghalbayly, mansyz, baghanaly, bekbolat, shapyrashty, sirgeli, shómekey, jalayyr, taraqty, sarjormart, shanyshqyly, dulat, arghyn, baltaly, qarakerey, uaq, sary ýisin, aday, matay, qara kesek, kerey siyaqty kóptegen negizgi taypalardan qúralghan. 2

Qazaq rulary men taypalarynyng arghy tarihyn zertteude, eng aldymen olardyng tanbalyq belgilerin zertteuding qajetiligin alghash angharghan N. Aristov bolsa, onyng pikirlerin terendete zerttegen S. Amanjolov boldy. Olar belgili bir atadan rudyn, odan taypanyn, odan taypalyq odaqtyng qalyptasu joldaryn rulyq tanbalardy zertteu arqyly anyqtaugha bolatynyna sendi. Ári osy maqsatta negizgi taypalardy anyqtaugha tyrysty.1 Osylaysha tanbany negiz ete otyryp S. Amanjolovtyng zertteuinshe, qazaq qanly, qypshaq, qonyrat, alshyn, nayman, oshaqty, sherkesh, esentemir, júi, jaghalbayly, mansyz, baghanaly, bekbolat, shapyrashty, sirgeli, shómekey, jalayyr, taraqty, sarjormart, shanyshqyly, dulat, arghyn, baltaly, qarakerey, uaq, sary ýisin, aday, matay, qara kesek, kerey siyaqty kóptegen negizgi taypalardan qúralghan. 2
S. Amanjolovtyng zertteui jalpy túlghadan qazaq ru tanbalarynyng tipologiyasyna basa nazar audarghandyghy bayqalady. Óz basym eger tanbalardyng kórinisimen qosa onyng mazmúndyq (tarihy tanymdyq) ereksheligine de zertteu jasalghan bolsa qazaq ru-taypalarynyng tektestik negizi tipti de bekemdele týser edi dep oilaymyn.Qazaqtyng ru tanbalary men úrandaryn zertteu qazaq shejiresin zertteuding manyzdy bir qúramdas bólegi. Búnday zertteuge qazaqtyng jәne basqa últtardyng erteden qazirge deyingi kóptegen ghalymdary tynghylyqty zertteu alyp barghandyghy bayqalady. Qazirge deyin qazaq ru tanbalary qaydan keldi, qazaqqa ru tanbalaryn kim jasap bergen, ony kim arnagha salghan degen mәsele turaly aluan túrly kózqarastar men pikirler bary belgili. Búlardyng bastylary mynalar; .
1. B.Radlov el auzynan jazyp alghany boyynsha; ru tanbany Oghyz hannyng balasy jәne mýrageri Kýnhan taratyp bergen. 2. Levshinning aituynsha, qyrghyzdyr (qazaqtar) tanbalarmen belgilerdi monghúldardan alyp, orta aziyagha ghana emes, údystangha deyin tarasa kerek. 3. IY.Qazansevting aituynsha, tanbalar men úrandardy qyrghyzdargha (qazaqtargha) Shynghyshan taratqan. 4. M.Ivanin men A.Haruzinnyng pikirinshe, tanbalarda Shynghyshan túqymynan taraghan handar әskerlerindegi qyrghyz (qazaq) taypalarynyng paydalanghan qarularynyng týrleri beynelengen, .5. L.Meyirding týsindiruynshe, tanbalardy malgha belgi salu ýshin Tәuke han taratyp bergen. 6. Taghy bir aitylymdarda qazaqqa ru tanbalary men úrandaryn Mayqy by ýlestirgen delinedi, t.b.
Qazaqty qúraghan ru-taypalardyng arghy atalary әrbir tarihy dәuirde әr taypalyq-úlystyng birilestikterding qúramynda bolghany belgili. Sonau, Bizding zamanymyzdyng aldy artynda saqtardyn, ghúndardyn, ýisinderdin, nýkisterding (úly iýzleridin) jәne basqa da taypalar men taypalar odaghynnyng qúramynda bolghan. Bizding zamanymyzdyng birinshi myng jyldyghynyng ortalaryna bastap ekinshi myng jyldyqtyng basqy birneshe ghasyrlaryna deyingi talay ghasyrlarda týrik odaghynyng qúramynda boldy, odan songhy san ghasyrda monghúl imperiyasining qúramyna endi nemese oghan baghynyshty boldy. Mine osy dәuirlerde qazaqty qúraghan ru-taypalardyng bәrining ózine tiyeseli orny men tanbasy bolghany belgili. Alayda, rular arasyndaghy qosylu, bólinu jәne rulardyng molayyp tarmaqtalyp otyruy siyaqty sebepterden rulardyng attary, tanbalary, úrany ózgerip, janghyryp, tuyndap otyrghandyghy tabighi. Jәne bir jaghynan týrli taypalar odaghynan qúrylghan tyng birilestik, yaghny әkmiyat, el arasyndaghy sayasi, әkimshildik jәne óris-qonys jaqtaryndaghy mәselelerdi jýieli basqaru, byrjaqtyly etip otyru (el basqarudy) ýshin әr dәuirde ru tanbabaryna retteu, arnagha salu, mýmkindikting barynsha búrynghy qalpyn saqtau negizinde qayta rettep, zandandyru jýrgizilgen boluy da mýmkin. Mine, búl qazaqtaghy qazaqqa ru tanbalary men úrandaryn jasau men ýlestiruding belgili jeke tarihy túlghanyng atyna baylanysty boluynyng sebebi edi. Osy jaghynan alghanda qazaqqa ru tanbalaryn Oghyz qaghannyng úly ــ taq mýrageri taratqan, Shynghyshan taratqan, Mayqy by taratqan degen aitylymdardyng barlyghynyng belgili maghynadan negizi barlyghyn bayqaymyz. Alayda, búl jerdegi taratu búryn tanbasy joq qazaq rularyna ru tanbasyn jasap taratyp beru emes, qayta búrynghy ru tanbalary negizinde sol dәuirdegi el basylary ózine qarasty territoriya aumaghyndaghy týrli ru-taypalardyng ru tanbalaryn búrynghysy negizinde qaytadan retke túrghyzyp, jýielendirip, túraqtandyrghan nemese zandandyrghan.
Rulardyn, ru tanbalarynyng jәne olardyng tarmaqtaluynyng qiyr shyghstaghy naqtyly dәlelderin biz qytaydyng kindik jazyghyndaghy bayyrghy qaghanat Shandardyng (b. z.b.17-gh. ــ b. z.b.11-gh. ) ru jәne ru tanbalarynan bayqay alamyz. Eskererlik jayt - osy Shandardy kóptegen qytay tanushy ghalymdar qytydyng orta jazyghyna teristikten kelgen kóshpeli taypa dep biledi. Ghalymdar Shandardyng qabirlerinen qazyp alynghan qola búiymdardaghy tanbalardy ru tanbalary dep tanidy, әrbir qabyr tobynan qazyp alynghan qola búiymdardaghy ru tanbalary byrynghaylyq tanytqan. Ári jaqyn ornalasqan qanattas qabyr toptarynan tabylghan qola búiymdardaghy ru tanbalarynyng ózara baylanystylyghy, olarda ýlken rulardan tarmaqtalghan shaghyn rulardyng tanbalarynyng ýlken rulardyng tanbalarynyng negizin saqtap, jartylay ózgertilip jasalghandyq bayqalady. Búnday zandylyq qazaqtyng ru-taypalarynda tayau zamangha deyin jalghasqany belgili. Mysaly, úly jýzdegi dulat, alban, suan, qanly, siqym taghy basqa rulardyng barlyghynyng tanbalary kýn tanbasynan taramdalghan. Búl turaly Shәkerim Qúdayberdi úly: «600 jyldan beri músylman júrtyna kirgen krayt yaghny kereyler tipti eski zamandaghy kiresh tanbasyn salady. Qazaqtyng kóbi eski tanbasyn salady. Qay bireuleri oghan bir syzyq qosady. Ol bir rudan shyqqan taghy bir taptyng belgisi. Yaghny bir hannan bir hangha qaraghandaghy belgisi bolady» dep jazady.3
Shәkerim Qúdayberdi úlynyng búl bayanynda eki manyzdy týiin bar: biri, «Qazaqtyng kóbi eski tanbasyn salady» deu.
Jalpy ru tanbasynyng ózgeru, qalyptasu jaghydayynan qaraghanda, qazaqtaghy bir rudyng tanbasy onaylyqsha ózgere salmaydy. Tipti, ol túraqty kýiin saqtaydy. Óitkeni tanba kóshpelilerding irqara maldaryna basylady. Óris-qonystaryna tastargha qashap salynady. Ol rudyng shejiresimen, ata jolymen úlasyp jatady. Al mal da, óris-qonys ta, shejire men ata joly da bir mezettek nәrse emes. Úzaq uaqyttargha jalghasatyn dýnye. Sondyqtan onyng túraqtylyghy kóshgeli ómirde asa manyzdy.
Shәkerimning sózindegi taghy bir týiin, «Qay bireuleri oghan (búrynghy tanbasyna) bir syzyq qosady. Ol bir rudan shyqqan taghy bir taptyng belgisi. Yaghny bir hannan bir hangha qaraghandaghy belgisi». Búl qazaq rularynda tarmaqtalu bolghanda, tipti almaghayyp zaman bolyp handyq almasqanda da tanbalardaghy ózgeristing jalpy túlghasyn saqtap, bolymsyz (bir syzyghynda) ghana ózgeris jasaytyndyghyn úghyndyrady.
Qazaq rularynyng keybirinde qosyndy «＋» týrindegi rulyq tanbalardyng kezdesuleri de qazaq rularynyng shyghu tegin tәnirge tabynu dәuirinen izdestiruge iytermeleydi. Múnday tanbalar qazaqtyng tórt qara, teleu, sirgeli, kerey, aday tәrizdi rularynda kezdesetini belgili.4
Qazaq ru-taypalaryndaghy tektestik mәselesin kem degende mynaday ýsh týrli paktor negizinde qarastyrghan jón: Birinshiden, joghardaghy ghalymdar aitqanynday ru-taypa tanbalaryndaghy jaqyndyq; Ekinshiden, ru-taypa atyndaghy jaqyndyq; Ýshinshiden, shejire nemese tarihy jazbalarda bayqalghan jaqyndyq.
Osynday tamyrlastyqtyng eng terenge boylap, bir týiinnen tútasqan túsyn qazaqtyng tegi jәne tanymymen egiz payda bolghan kýn men ot turaly úghym men beyneleuden bayqay alamyz.
＋Í 卐 卍  ⊝ ☼ Å U ⊞ ⊠ ⊟ ◫ tanbalardyng bir erekshiligi dúnyenin qaysy bir aumaghynda bolsyn bir-biri juyq tabylady. Osylardyng ishindegi  men ＋ nemese ☼ men卍 kóbinde bir jerden tabylady. Jartas suretterinde nemese basqa beyneleulerde búl ekeui qatar jýredi, nemese Å U ⊞ kórinisterde ＋ banba  tanbanyng ishine ornalastyrylady. Búlardyng eteneligining búdan mysaldaryn jolyqtyrugha bolady.
Kerey tanbasyn bir bólim ghalymdar ＋ nemese Í týrde kórsetse, endi bir ghalymdar ◫ kýiinde bergen, taghy bir ghalym alau nemese kýnning beynesinde ( ) bergen. Osylardyng qay-qaysy da kezdeysoqtyq emes, búl osy tanbalardyng maghynalastylyghyn úghyndyraddy.
tanbalarU ＋ ÍTýrki runikalyq tanbalarynyng orhon-eniysey nýsqalarynda  úqsas dybys ornynda (d), bir iyeroglif retinde júmsalghan. Búl ot pen kýnge qatysty osy ýsh tanbanyng birliginin, bizding ata-babalarymyzdyng osy tanbalardy әlmisaqtan mazmýndyq jaqtan úqsas sanap, úqsas paydalanyp kelgendigining kereyding tanbasynan keyingi taghy bir jandy aighaghy.
＋ tanba da,  tanba da ejelgi dýnyede kýn belgisi sanalghan.5 joghardaghy osy tanbalardyng kýnge, otqa, jaryqqa baylynystylyghyn osy jurnaldyng osydan ilgergi sandarynda jaryalaghan «Kýn tanbaly kýn eli» aty maqalamda dәleldegen bolatynmyn.
Sonymen qazaq ru tanbalarynda basty orynda túratyn ＋ (ot, kýn),  (kýn), I (ot kóseytin kóseu) tanbanyng ýsheui de otqa, kýnge baylanysty.
Týtas qazaq ru-taypalarynyng tanbasynyng basym kóp bólegin osy bir mazmúndaghy (otqa, kýnge baylanysty) ýsh tanbadan taratugha bolady.
1. kýn tanbasynan tughan tanbalar:  ☼ €  ⊟ ◫ ♀ ☿ ♁  siyaqtylar.Æ Å Ä y⊟ ∞ ♂
♀Å Ä2.ot(núr) tanbasynan tughan tanbalar: ＋ＸＹｙＶＴ⊢⊣ ┬ ┴ ╪ ╫ ╨ ╥╟ F≠ ‡
siyaqtylar.
♀ ☿ ♁Å Ä3.ot (núr) pen kýnning tanbasynyng birigip tughan tanbalar:  siyaqtylar.
4.ot kóseytin kóseu tanbasynan (kóseu nemese әlip) tughan tanbalar: IᄼᄾⅢⅡ≡ = siyaqtylar.
Jogharda kórsetilgendey týrki runikalyq tanbalarynyng orhon-eniysey  tanbalardyng úqsas bir dybysty beyneleui men kereyU ＋ Ínýsqalarynda  tanbasynda otqa, kýnge baylanysty ,＋, Í, ◫ tórt tanbanyng týgel bayqaluynyn basqa da bir bólim rulardyng tanbasynda osy siyaqty tektes tanbalardyng aralys qoldanyluynan joghardaghy kózqarasymyzdyq dúrystyghyna tipti de kóz jetkize týsemiz:
Kete ruynyng tanbasy: ＋, Í; Sirgeli ruynyng tanbasy: ＋, ╫, ≠, ⋕; Uaq ruynyng tanbasy: ＋, Í, Ｙ; Qarakerey ruynyng tanbasy:ＴＶ; Teleu ruynyng tanbasy: ＋, Ｘ, Ｔ, ⊢, ⊣ (Teleuding tórt tarmaq ruynyng biri «kereyli» ruy); Tórt qara tanbasy: ＋, Ｔ, ⊢; Ýisin ruynyng tanbasy: ≋, ＋, jәne ; Sary ýisin ruynyng tanbasy: ＋, jәne ; Shekti ruynyng tanbasy: ＋ (Búl ashamayly siyaqty tanbanyng atymen atalaghan ru)
Tabyn ruynyng tanbasy: tabyn qazaq úghymynda qoraly qoy, nemese qoraly mal maghynasyn beredi. Erte kezde qora, qorghannan tartyp qonysta tigiletin auyl ýilerine deyin dóngelene ornalasatyn salt bolghan. Qazaqta mal qorasy da dóngelek bolghan. Sondyqtan Tanbany tabyn atau oryndy. Demek búl tanbanyng atymen atalghan ru aty.
Grodekovte bar mәlimetter boyynsha, Syr dariya tabyndarynyng úrandary - «serke» jәne «tostaghan», al el arasynan jinaghan mәlimetter boyynsha, batys tabyndarynyng úrany - «alash». El arasynan jinaghan mәlimetter men Tynyshbaev keltirgen tabyn ruynyng tórt tarmaghynyng biri - Jamankerey.
Tabyndardyng tanba belgileri әr týrli. Jalpy ru tanbasy (tostaghan) ; sonymen birge tabyndarda taghy da (shómish, shómishti tabyn tarmaghynda) jәne (әlip) tanbalary bar. «Álip» is jýzinde «kóseu» tanbasy.
Qanly tanbasy: ︱jәne ☼ - núry shashyraghan kýn. Qanlynyng taghy bir tanbasy shylbyr. Osy kóseu de, shylbyr da kereytterding tanbasynda da bar.
Búl arada tek ot (núr) pen ot kóseytin kóseu tanbalary men osylardan tuyndaghan tanbalardan ghana mysal aldyq, basqa qazaq rularynda kýn tanbasynan tuyndaghan ru tanbalarynyng moldyghy belgili.
Tarihta ru-taypalardyng sany da, olardyng tanbalarynyng týri de kóp bolghany belgili. Osyghan qaramastan kestedegi qazaqtyng 50 taypasynyng tanbasynyng 30 ynyng yaghny 60 payyzynyng ot pen kýnge baylanystylyghy bayqalady. Búl belgili maghynadan qazaq últynyng mýlde kóp bólegining ot pen kýnge tabynatyn bir týqymnan taraghandyghyn әigileydi. Salystyrmaly týrde Mahúmet Qashqariyding «Týrik Sózdiginde» kórsetken Oghyz taypalarynyng 21 ru tanbalarynda ot pen kýnge qatysty ru tanbasy bayqalmaydy. Rashid ad-din «Jylnamalar jinaghynda» kórsetken Oghyz taypalarynyng tanbalarynyng 24 tanbasynda O ghan juyq eki tanba ghana bar. «Shynghyznama dәpterinde» Shynghyshan bekter men biylerge bólip bergen delingen 15 tanbanyng ishinde bayyrghy ot pen kýn tanbasynan tuyndaghan dep qaraugha bolatyn (qiyat tanbasy), ɤ (girayat biy), ɣ (júrmaty bi) ýsh tanba jolyghady. Qiyat ruy tarihta kereyding qúramynda bolghan. Al griyat biyding kerey by ekendigi belgili. Búl qazaq últynyng oidan-qyrdan qúralghan qyryq qúrau qúrama últ emes, etnikalyq negizi bekem, tórkindes tuysqan taypalardan qúralghan últ ekendigin dәleldeydi.
Búlardan tys biz jәne Y, y, T siyaqty kóptegen tanbalardyng ＋ nemese × ny ózgertuden (bayyrghy zamanda rular ósip-ónip tarmaqtalghan sayyn tynnan qalyptasqan ru óz tanbasyn búrynghy ru-taypa tanbasynyng jalpy beynesin saqtap, oghan sәl ózgeris jasau arqyly jasap otyrghan.) payda bolghandyghyn bayqaymyz. Onyng ýstine búnday ＋ nemese × dan ózgerip payda bolghan Y, y, T, t.b. tanbalar joghardaghy biz salystyrghan tanbalardyng arasynda jolyqpaydy.
Ru-taypalardyng tuystyghyn ru tanbalaryna say aiyrugha bolatyndyghynyng bir jandy mysalyn sonau osydan 3000 jyldyng arghy jaghyndaghy qytaydyng orta jazyghynda qaghanat qúrghan Shang әuletining astanasy In kóne júrttaryn qazghanda aiqyn bayqalghan (Shandardy qazirgi úghymdaghy qytaylar dep qaraugha bolmaydy, olardyng kóbi teristik kóshpelilerinen, sharuashylyq, týrmys tәsilinde de mal sharuashylyghy basty orynda túrghan. Qytaydyng orta jazyghynda odan keyin de jýrjitter, manjuler, týrikter, monghúldar siyaqty últtar qúrghan teristiktegi kóshpelilerding әkmiyati az bolmaghany belgili.).
Osydan búrynghy osy jurnalda jariyalanghan «Kýn tanbala kýn eli» atty maqalamda «kýn» sózi men «kýn tanbasynynyn» tegin arshu arqyry, týtas qazaq ru-taypalarynyng aty (alban, arghyn, kerey, qanly, dulat, t.b.) men ,＋) taralyp, týbi bir arna, bir týiingetanbalarynyng kýnnen ( jinaqtalatyndyghy bayandalady. Qazaq ru-taypalarynyng últ bolyp úiysuynyng kezdeysoq qúbylys emestigi, onyng әlmisaqtan bir túlgha, bir tuma ekendigi, qazaqtyng tegi Alash degen aitylymnyng dúrystyghyn, alashtyng da, arghynnyng da, albannyng da, dulattyn da, kereyding de, qanlynyng da (taghy basqa rular) aty da, tanbasy da, tegi de bir tektes ekendigine alghashqy dәlel izdegen edik.
«Alash» barlyq noghay-qazaqtyn, tipti ózbekting de úrany delinip jýr. «Alash» degende, alasha hannyng aty degen úghym boyynsha, yntymaghymyz osy úrannyng maghynasynan shyghady. Alasha hannyng úrpaqtarymyz, bәrimiz ru-rugha bólinip ketken bolsaq ta, týbinde bir kisining nәsilimiz, alasha hannyng elimiz degen maghyna aitylady (Tauarih hamsa).
«Alash alash bolghanda, ala tay at bolghanda, tanbasyz at, ensiz qoy bolghanda, ...» degen jyr joldary qazaqtyng arghy atasynyng alashtan bastalatyndyghyn, ol kezde (alash kezinde) elding rugha, úlysqa bólinbegendigin, malynda ala-qúla en-tanba bolmaghandyghyn, tek aty, ,＋) týgel alash bolghan bir ghana elúrany, tanbasy (alash - ot, núr yaghni  ekendigin úghyndyrady. «Alty alash» dep kýn men ottyng (núrdyn) atyn ózine ta, simulyn tanba qylghan qazaqtyng eng úitqy taypalaryna nemese qazaqtan da keng etnikalyq tórkindestikke qaratylghan.
Sózding týiini - qazaq rularynyng aty men tanbasynyng mýlde kóbi kýn men ottqa (núrgha) baylanysty. Ol oidan-qyrdan qúralghan qúramalar emes, әlmisaqtan kýnge, otqa (núrgha) tabynghan, kýn men otty (núrdy) nyshan ,＋) úrpaghy.etken kýn elining (alash - ot, núr yaghny
Qazaqty nemese qazaqtyng tayau zamangha deyingi tórkindes rularyn bir-birinen bóle qarau kózqarastaryng barlyghy jetesiz tanymnyng tuyndysy.

ÁDEBIYETTER
1 «Qazaq ru-taypalarynyng tarihy - tama», alash tarihiy-zertteu ortalyghy, almaty, 2005-jyly, 1-tom, 1-kitap, 25-bet.
2 Amanjolov. S, A.Voprosy diyalektologiy y istoriy kazakskogo yazyka. - AlmaAta, 1959, 13-14b.
3 Shәkerim Qúdayberdi úly: «Týrik, qyrghyz, qazaq әm handar shejiresi».
4 Amanjolov. Savoprosy diyalektologiy y istoriy kazakskogo yazyka. - Alma-Ata, 1959, 12-14b. .
5 何新:《诸神的起源》(Tәnirlerding tórkini)，时事出版社，2002年，147页。

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