Gh. Bazarbekov. Ayakóz syrtqy okrugynyng qúryluy
Ayakóz turaly anyz-әngimeler kóp ekeni belgili. Shyghys derekterinde Ayakóz ózenin «Súlu ózen» dep ataghan. Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng ózi búl jerdi jaqsy kórgeni myna sózderi dәleldeydi: «Ya ocheni lublu y voshishaisi Ayaguzom; mojet byti poeticheskaya legenda o lubvy prekrasnoy Bayan k zolotovolosomu Kozy Korpech, deysviya kotoroy proishodily na etoy reke, esti nemalovajnaya k tomu prichina...» [1, 230 b.]. Endi osy jerding Resey qúramyndaghy syrtqy okrug bolyp qúrylu tarihyna toqtalayyq.
1836 j. 4 tamyzdaghy Omby oblystyq basqarmasynyng Batys Sibir general-gubernatoryna súltan Sardakovty qol astyndaghy halqymen Ayakózdi Kókpekti okrugyne ótkizu turaly mәlimdemesinde bylay dep jazylghan: Batys Sibirding búrynghy general-gubernator myrzasyna oblystyq basqarma myrzasynyng 24 jeltoqsan № 5335 mәlimdemesinen belgili Resey qúramyna belgilengen tәrtip boyynsha Kókbekti okrugy qúramymen Matay bolysynyng súltany Qaldyqoja Sardakovty qol astyndaghy qazaqtarmen Kókbekti okrugtyk basshysyna beru turaly aitylghany Sizge belgili. Osynyng negizinde súltan Qaldyqoja Sardakovty sotnik Nuhalov senim bodandyghyn qabyldaghany ýshin otryadqa shaqyrylghan, Nuhalov myrzagha ózimen birge Matay ruynyng Aryq jәne Qojamqúl rularynyng 200 týtinin bodandyqqa kiruge shaqyrghan [2].
Ayakóz turaly anyz-әngimeler kóp ekeni belgili. Shyghys derekterinde Ayakóz ózenin «Súlu ózen» dep ataghan. Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng ózi búl jerdi jaqsy kórgeni myna sózderi dәleldeydi: «Ya ocheni lublu y voshishaisi Ayaguzom; mojet byti poeticheskaya legenda o lubvy prekrasnoy Bayan k zolotovolosomu Kozy Korpech, deysviya kotoroy proishodily na etoy reke, esti nemalovajnaya k tomu prichina...» [1, 230 b.]. Endi osy jerding Resey qúramyndaghy syrtqy okrug bolyp qúrylu tarihyna toqtalayyq.
1836 j. 4 tamyzdaghy Omby oblystyq basqarmasynyng Batys Sibir general-gubernatoryna súltan Sardakovty qol astyndaghy halqymen Ayakózdi Kókpekti okrugyne ótkizu turaly mәlimdemesinde bylay dep jazylghan: Batys Sibirding búrynghy general-gubernator myrzasyna oblystyq basqarma myrzasynyng 24 jeltoqsan № 5335 mәlimdemesinen belgili Resey qúramyna belgilengen tәrtip boyynsha Kókbekti okrugy qúramymen Matay bolysynyng súltany Qaldyqoja Sardakovty qol astyndaghy qazaqtarmen Kókbekti okrugtyk basshysyna beru turaly aitylghany Sizge belgili. Osynyng negizinde súltan Qaldyqoja Sardakovty sotnik Nuhalov senim bodandyghyn qabyldaghany ýshin otryadqa shaqyrylghan, Nuhalov myrzagha ózimen birge Matay ruynyng Aryq jәne Qojamqúl rularynyng 200 týtinin bodandyqqa kiruge shaqyrghan [2].
Jýzdik Nuhalov shyqqan tegine qaraghanda búl eki ru onyng basqarmasynda bolu kerektigin bilgen; alayda olar Resey bodandyghyn alghannan keyin jәne Ayakóz prikazy 1830 jyldan basqaruynda bolghandyqtan Kókbekti okruginde qalghanyn jón kórdi, al Sardakovqa atalghan eki ru bodandyqty qabyldaghan jәne Ayakóz prikazynyng basqarmasynda dep týsindirgende, Sardakovtyng ózi ant qabyldaugha asyqpady, óitkeni basshygha Sardakov búl eki rudy Kókbekti okrugi basqarmasyna baghyndyru taraly aituy ynghaysyz, sebebi búl eki rudy halyqtyng ózi qalaydy әri qystaulary Kókbekti okrugynyng ortasynda jayghasqan.
Osy jyldyng 4-aqpanyndaghy № 24 qorytyndysymen sotnik Nuhalovtyng mәlimdemesin alghannan keyin, eger súltan Sardakov Resey bodandyghyn jәne olar súraghan Ayakóz prikazyndaghy eki rudy qabyldasa, onda olardyng bәri bir bolysty qúraytyn edi, al ol eki rudy beru mýmkin bolmasa, onda Sardakovty búrynghysynsha qaldyru kerek, óitkeni Kókbekti okrugynyng senimine qabyldanghan súltan Sybanqúldyng ýlgisine qaraghanda oghan jaqyn halyq Ayakóz prikazynda Yuchin súltandardyng basqarmasynda, óz tilegi byynsha óz basqarmasynda ústaghysy keledi, ózi okrugterding ar jaghynda qaldy, Ayakóz okrugindegi kóptegen qazaqtardy bas tartqyzdy, úrlyq jasaldy, sondyqtan men Ayakóz okrugtik prikazyna bylay dep mәlimdeymin: shynynda da 200 týtin Aryq jәne Qojamqúl rualarynyng qazaqtary súltan Sardakovtyng qaramaghynda bolghysy kele me jәne Kókbekti okruginde qonystary bar ma, óitkeni 14-shildede № 1208 mәlimdemege qaraghanda Matay bolysynyng basqarushysy súltan Dauyt Mamyrhanov arqyly 200 týtini bar atalghan eki ru shyn mәnisinde súltan Sardakovtyng basqarmasyna kirgisi keledi, al qystaulary men jaylaulary bolsa Kókbektiden alys emes jerde ornalasqan [3].
Súltan Sardakovtyng qaramaghyna isterdi berudi toqtatyp, Sizding Mәrtebenizding qarauyna myna mәselelerdi úsynamyn: 1. Kókbekti okrugy әli ashylghan joq, jәne maghan әli belgisiz, eki úsynystyng qaysysy bekitiletini belgisiz, yaghny ol Ayakózben shektese me, nemese erekshe okrug bola ma; 2. Ayakóz okrugyn engen qyrghyzdar (qazaqtar. B.Gh.) qazynagha jasaq (yaghny salyq B.Gh.) tóleui kerek. Al Aryq jәne Qojaghúl rularynyng 200 týtinin qosyp, Kókbekti okrugyn ashqanda qyrghyzdar qoldanghan jenildikter qanday bolsa, sony qoldanady, demek, olar Ayakóz okrugy qúramyna engen joldastaryna qaraghanda artyqshylyqtary bolady, sondyqtan ózderining aziattyqtary arasynda tәrtipsizdik bolady, tipti baghynbauy mýmkin, osyghan baylanysty men jogharyda atalghan qyrghyzdardy súdtan Sardakovtyng basqarmasyna engizbeudi jón kórdim, onyng tilegine oray eshqanday kýsh qoldanbay Kókbekti okrugyne engeni jón, búl okrugtyng ashyluyna deyin oghan kigisi keletin qyrghyzdayng tilegine oray eshqanday tapsyrma beruding qajeti joq, jalpy mening oiymsha, qyrghyzdardyng bir okrugtan ekinshisine auysugha tiym salghan jón [4]. Múnday ister daladaghy basqarma tәrtibin tejep qana qoymay, basqrmanyng ózin zang boyynsha óz mindetin oryndauda qiyn jaghdaygha әkeledi, al jasaq jinaghanda tipti qiyn, barlyq aziattardy qanday da bir tәrtipke ýiretu mýmkin emes, bolashaqta men sizden qoldau kýtemin.
Bólim basqarushysy retinde Kapustinning qoly, ýstel bastyghy retinde Ivan Naumovtyng qoly qoyylghan.
Sh. Uәlihanov Ayakóz okrugine kiretin myna bolystardy kórsetken: 1) Chogo-Uaq, 2) Sarman-Uaq, 3) Tuma, 4) Esenqúl-Sadyr, 5) Baykóbek-Syban, 6) Jankóbek-Syban 7) Janqúly Semiz Nayman, 8) Qarakerey Semiz Nayman, 9) Bolatshy, 10) Toghylbay Sadyr, 11) Atalyq Matay, 12) Kenje Qapshaghay Matay [5, 196 b.].
Múraghat qújattarynda qaraghanda 1844 j. Ayakóz syrtqy okrugynyng statistikalyq sipattamasy bylay berilgen:
1842, 1843, 1844 jyldardaghy jasalghan qúrylym boyynsha Ayakóz okrugynyng qúramyna myna bolystar kiredi: 1) Bakol-Matay, onda [jan] er adamdar [jynysy] - 1942, әiel adamdar -1525, jylqylar - 2249, iri qara [mal] - 1567, qoy men eshki - 6098, 2) Qoljy [jan] er adamdar [jynysy] - 1132, әiel adamdar - 1002, jylqylar - 4663, iri qara [mal] - 1116, qoylar-15946, 3) Baygóbek-Syban [jan] er adamdar [jynys] - 1870, әiel adamdar - 1782, jylqylar - 6386, rogatogo [skota] - 1658, baranov y koz - 28724: 4) Jangóbek-Syban [jan] er adamdar [jynys] - 1931, әiel adamdar - 1648, jylqylar - 5889, iri qara [mal] - 1875, qoy men eshki - 28949; 5) Janghúly-Semiznayman [jan] er adamdar [jan] - 2140, әiel adamdar - 1972, jylqylar - 14231, iri qara [mal] - 2676, qoy men eshki - 6542; 6) Esenqúl-Sadyr [jan] er adamdar [jynysy] - 1473, әiel adamdar - 1365, jylqylar - 2406, iri qara [mal] - 1380, qoy men eshki - 17390; 7) Tumyn [jan] er adamdar [jynys] - 1978, әiel adamdar - 1955, jylqylar - 8510, iri qara [mal] - 3027, qoy men eshki - 47685; 8) Bolatshy [jan] er adamdar [jynysy] - 2364, әiel adamdar - 2025, jylqylar - 5927, iri qara [mal] - 3372, qoy men eshki - 42313; 9) Karakerey-Semiznayman [jan] er adamdar [jynysy] - 936, әiel adamdar - 820, jylqy - 4272, iri qara [mal] - 1504, qoy men eshki - 19642; 10) Týgelbay-Sadyr [jan] er adamdar [jynysy] - 2147, әiel adamdar - 1933, jylqylar - 5889, iri qara [mal] - 2294, qoy men eshki - 33941; 11) Kenje-Qaptaghay-Matay [jan] er adamdar [jynysy] - 1455, әiel adamdar - 1304, jylqylar - 7375, iri qara [mal] - 1870, qoy men eshki - 28559; 12) Atalyq-Matay [jan] er adamdar [jynysy] -1240, әiel adamdar - 1229, jylqylar - 2985, iri qara [mal] - 2171, qoy men eshki - 22242; 13) Aqymbet-Kerey [jan] er adamdar [jynysy] - 2389, әiel adamdar - 1986, jylqylar - 1974, iri qara [mal] - 1430, qoy men eshki - 3995; 14) Barman-Uaq [jan] er adamdar [jynysy] -1727, әiel adamdar - 1493, jylqylar - 2196, iri qara [mal] - 764, qoylar - 2735; 15) Chogol-Uaq [jan] er adamdar [jynysy] - 2135, әiel adamdar - 1864, jylqylar - 4623, iri qara [mal] - 1166, qoy men eshki - 7876 jәne 16) Qaldy ruynda [jan] er adamdar [jynysy] - 134, әiel adamdar -118, jylqylar - 262, iri qara [mal] - 280, qoylar - 1752.
Okrug boyynsha barlyghy: [jan] er adamdar [jynysy] - 26993, әiel adamdar - 24021, jylqylar - 79899, iri qara [mal] - 28200, qoy men eshki - 373742 [6].
Jaylaular men qystaulardaghy qonystar turaly, qanday jergilikti jerlerde jәne jotalarda ornalasqan jәne qanday bolystardy iyemdengeni turaly múraghat qújattarynda bylay jazylghan:
Ayakóz okrugynyng bolystarynyng qonystary myna jerler men urochishah ornalasqan: 1) Bakol-Matay [qonystar]: jazghy: Shar, Qyzylsu, Kokbukty, Aghanyqat, Bylqyldaq, Ýshbúlaq, Eril ózenderi boyynda; Qaratau, Qonyrtóbe, Qarajal jәne Qalba jotasynda; qysta - Jinishke, Bóken, Aghanyqat, Baltaghar, Bylqyldaq, Erijep, Shar, Shybyndy, Júbay ózenderi boyynda; Karadjalu, Delbegetey, Balakaradjalu, Qyzyljal, Tystau, Bishkarachoku, Nayzatau, Janghúr, Qyzyl-Adyr, Ayrykezen taularynda; po Shýrgýtkól kóli manyndaghy Qúyamaghash búlaghy;
2) Qoljy [qonystar]: jazghy - Kókbekti, Qyzylaghash, Jinishke, Shar, Shybyndy, Qúrmetti, Kendikti, Býrle, Ayakóz, Naryn, Chanyrty ózenderi boyynda; Kujenichok, Terekti taulary; qystaular - Kujenechoku, Logbe, Sandyqtas, Qarajal, Qayynd, Jamanashat, Arharly, Jylandy, Qúsmúryn, Shúbartóbe, Obol, Qarakól, Qaragiman, Alaq, Qyzniyd-jal, Ýshqara, Toghal, Aqshoqy, Qonyr-Kóshkúr, Sartau-Áuliyekól taulary; Eginbúlaq, Kezenshilik, Sary-Búlak búlaqtary jәne Bestamas men Boranbay jotalary;
3) Baygóbek-Syban [qonystar]: jazghy - [ózender boyy] Ayakóz, Baltaghara, Kýp, Kókbekti, Qúsmúryn, Qonyrshәuli, Aqshәuli; Shynghys, Aljan, Qandyqatay, Keregetas, Dónenjal jәne Qyrjy-Adyr, Jamantelip, Tokayryk, Qorashoq, Akkóldi, Qa¬rajal, Kólghútty, Utiyar, Baltataraq taulary baurayynda; Jarly, Tere-Ayryq ózenderining boyy jәne Sarybúlaq búlaghynyng many;
4) Jangóbek-Syban [qonysy]: jazghy - po rechkam Ayakóz, Naryn, Ashysu, Úrjar, Qarakól ózenderi boyy, Akshәuli jәne Qonyrshәuli taularynyng baurayy; qysqy - Baltataraq, Kólgútty, Shynghys, Bórli, Qonyrshәuli, Shaqaryt, Inrikt, Dónenjal, Ókpekti, Qarashoqy, Qarasydyr taularynda, ózender [boyynda] - Múqyr, Taqyr, Ayakóz, Qúndyz, Bólte, Saryózek, Qostóbe, Qalgútty jәne Sarybúlaq búlaghy;
5) Janghúlly-Semiznayman [qonystar]: jazghy - po rekam Densaly, Mamyrsu, Ayakóz, Naryn, Tansyq, An, Qarakól, Iginsu, Úrjar, Jinishke, Lepsi, Qurayly, Shilikti, Qúyaly, Shynjaly ózenderi boyy; Sandyqtas, Qalgútty, Tórtkól, Sarapan, Kolle, Akshatau, Jamantapgu, Tarbaghatay taulary; Sarykól kóli, Shatyrau qúdyghy; qystaulary - prikaz jerinen Ayakóz ózeninen bastap Jýzaghash jotasyna deyin, Qarakólden bastap do Jalghyzaghashqa deyin, Kóksaly, Baqanas, Ashybúlaq, Maybútaq ózenderinen, Qoytas, Qútjaly, Jylandy, Aqtoghay, Jýzaghash jotalary jәne Arghanaty, Bórli, Belosekjol, Aqtóbe taylarynyng etegi;
6) Esenqúl-Sadyr [qonystary]: Alatau tauy, Jamantaghyp jotasynda; qystaulary - Lepsi, Kyskachu, Kókterek jәne Naualy ózenderinde;
7) Tuma [qonystary]: jazghysy - Tarbaghatay, Qyzylqy-Kóteme, Týlkili, Aqshoqy, Toqta-Barlyq, Tanashy, Kaykana, Qara-Búlaq, Jabyq taularynda, Qarakól, Kanpe-Qaraqatty ózenderining boyynda; Sazy jotasynda; qystaulary - Tarbaghatay, Taqtabarlyq, Qayqyn, Arghanat, Qarghaly taularynyng eteginde; Ýshbúlaq, Qarajal, Lepsi, Sarykól ózenderinde; Qaraqúm, Kól, Maybýirek, Ishal, Kópe jotalarynda;
8) Bolatshy [qonystary]: jazghy - Tarbaghatay taulary men osy taudyng eki jaghynda; Úrjar ózeni, Túlaqúly jotasynda, Sarybúlaq búlaghynda; qystaulary - Lepsige qúyatyn Maqanshy ózeninde, Qonyr shalaq, Qyzyljele, Tarbaghatay, Shúbar-Ayghyr taularynyng eki jaghynda; Ang, Qyryq-Baytaly, Úzynbúlaq jәne Qarakól ózenderinde;
9) Qarakerey-Semiznayman [qonystary]: jazghy jәne qysqy - Taqtabarlyq tauynan Aqsu ózenine jәne Toqta jotasyna deyin; rechkam Tentek jәne Lepsi, Ayakóz, Qarakól ózenining boylary; Aqshәuli jәne Qonyrshәuli taulary; qysqy - Balta-Taraq, Kýnghútty, Shynghys, Bórli, Shaqart, Inrekti, Dóneyli-Ókpekti, Qarashoqy, Qaralsydyr taularynda; Múkúr, Taqyr, Ayakóz, Qúndyzdy, Shat, Saryózek, Qostóbe, Qalghútty ózenderi jәne Sarybúlaq búlaghy;
10) Janghúl-Semiznayman [qonystar]: jazghy -Densaly, Mamyrsu, Ayakóz, Naryn, Tansyq, An, Qarakó, Igynysy, Úrjar, Jinishke, Lepsi, Qurayly, Shilikti, Kýlәsh, Shynjaly ózenderimen; Sandyqtas, Qalgút, Tórtkól, Sarapan, Aqshatau, Jamantas, Kól, Tarbaghatay taulary; Qarakól kóli, Shatyrau qúdyghy; qystaulary - prikazdyng ornalasqan jerden bastap Ayakóz ózenining tómengi jaghynan Jýzaghash jotasyna deyin, Qara kólinen Jalghyzaghashqa deyin, Kóksaly, Baqanas, Aqbúlaq ózenderinde, Maybútaq, Qoytas, Qoja¬ly, Jusaly, Aktoghay, Jýzaghash jotalarynda; Arghanat, Bórli, Belesekjol jәne Aqtóbe taulary;
11) Esenqúl-Sadyr [2-shi] [qonystar]: jaylau jәne qystaulary - Taqtabarlyq tauynan do reky Aqsu ózenine jәne Toqty jotalaryna deyin, Tansyq jәne Lepsi ózenderi boyynda;
12) Týgelbay-Sadyr [qonystary]: jazghy - v otrogah Alatavskih gor, pry urochiy¬shah Oierjashy, Suyq-Jaylyau, Kók-Janty, Qoytas, Joldy-jerýi, Jamantayyn; qysqy - Lepsi, Bórli ózenderinde, Arqarly jәne Qysqaly taularynda;
13) Kenje-Kaptaghay-Matay [qonystary]: jazghy - Sarqan, Aqsu, Biyen, Kóldeneng ózenderinde; qysqy - Jónki, Alatau taulary; Qonyrly, Basqan, Aqsu, Janasu ózenderi, Marqa jotasy jәne shyghys jaghynan Balqash kóline jaqyn jerde;
14) Atalyq-Matay [qonystary]: jazghy - Sarqan, Aqsu, Kýljenen ózenderinde, Biyen; qysqy - Jónki, Aqystau taulary; Qonyrly, Beysqan, Aqsu, Janasu ózenderi; Marqa jotalarynda jәne shyghys jaghynan Balqash kóline jaqyn jerde;
15) Sarman-Uaq [qonystary]: jazghy - Shar, Ashysu ózenderinde; Arshaly, Arqat jәne Aljan taulary jәne Ertis ózeninen bastapqy dalalarda; qysqy - Kókon taularynda, Arqalyq, Qoyandy, Qazaly, Qorghanbay, Sarybúlaq, Qarakólshoqtan Ertiske, Semey qalasyna deyin;
16) Chogol-Uaq [qonystar]: jazghy - Ashysu, Shaghan, Múqúr ózenderining jaghasy jәne Ertiske jaqyn Doghan ózeninde; qysqy - taular: Kókon, Arshaly, Chanbaytemir, Samal, Qoyandy, Kazaly jәne Sarybúlaq ózeninde.
17) Aqymbet-Kerey [qonystar]: jazghy - po rechkamy Shar, Ashysu, Qyzylsu ózenderimen jәne Balyqkól kóli; qysqye - Jartas, Qosýmbet, Arqat taularynda jәne biraz bóligi Ertis ózeni boyynda;
Qaldy ruynyng qysqy jәne jazghy qonystary Qarakerey-Semiznayman bolysymen birge boldy [7]. Sonyna Andrey Serebrin mәjilisti jýrgizushi retinde qol qoyghan, hatshynyng familiyasy jazylmaghan.
Qoryta aitqanda, Ayakóz syrtqy okrugynyng qúryluy patsha ókimetining otarlau sayasatyn tereng jýrgizu barysynda qúrylyp, әkimshilik jaghynan Qazaqstandy ózine baghyndyrudyng joly boldy.
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1. Valihanov Ch.Ch. Sobr.soch. - Almaty, 1961. T. 1.
2. QR OMM. 3 - qor. 1- tizbe. 1475 - is. 3-p .
3. QR OMM. 3 - qor. 1- tizbe. 1475 - is. 4-p.
4. QR OMM. 3- qor. 1 - tizbe. 1475- is. 5-p.
5. Valihanov Ch.Ch. Volosti, sostavlyaishie Ayaguzskiy, Kokpektinskiy y Vnutrenniy okruga Semipalatinskoy oblasty // Valihanov Ch.Ch. Sobr. soch. v 5 t. T. 4. - Alma-Ata, 1985.
6. QR OMM. Z74 - qor. 3- is. 43-p.
7. QR OMM. Z74- qor. 1- tizbe. 3- is. 45-48-p.
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