Qazaqstan tarihy jayly ghylymy әdebiyet­terdi qadaghalaghan adam olardaghy aqiqat uaqyt ozghan sayyn jútandana beretinin angharady. Búl qúbylys әsirese memlekettik tapsyryspen әzirlengen resmy enbekterge tәn.

1943 jyly "Kazogiyz" arqyly shyqqan "Istoriya Kazahskoy SSR" oqulyghyndaghy ashy shyndyqtardy kenes kezindegi enbekter týgili qazirgi shygharmalardan da taba almay­syn. Aqiqat kerek bolsa, shang basqan arhiyv­ter­di qoparudan basqa amal qalmaydy. Totaliy­tarlyq zamanda qolymyz kesilse, býginde ótken tarihty qazyp ýlgermey jatqandaymyz.

Jogharyda atap kórsetilgen ghylymy en­bekte "Patsha ýkimetining orystandyru saya­sa­ty" degen bólim bar. Sonda keltirilgen de­rekterding qorytyndysy tómendegidey:

Resey patshalyghy jergilikti halyqty kýsh­tep orystandyru sayasatyn ústandy, on­yng últtyq erekshelikterin, tipti tughan tilin joymaq boldy. Múnyng tóte әri tiyimdi joly orystardy qazaq arasyna kóptep ornalastyru edi. Ony arnayy qúrylghan myqty apparat arqyly jýzege asyrdy.

Týrkistan general-gubernatory 1898 jyl­ghy 6 qarashadaghy qaulysymen ónirlerdegi gubernatorlargha naqty núsqau berdi.

1. Jergilikti qyr qazaqtarymen júmys isteytin qoghamdyq basqaru oryndarynda mem­le­kettik tildi shúghyl týrde engizu qolgha alynsyn. Osy maqsatpen bolys hatshylary qazaq tilin biletin orystarmen almastyrylsyn.

Qazaqstan tarihy jayly ghylymy әdebiyet­terdi qadaghalaghan adam olardaghy aqiqat uaqyt ozghan sayyn jútandana beretinin angharady. Búl qúbylys әsirese memlekettik tapsyryspen әzirlengen resmy enbekterge tәn.

1943 jyly "Kazogiyz" arqyly shyqqan "Istoriya Kazahskoy SSR" oqulyghyndaghy ashy shyndyqtardy kenes kezindegi enbekter týgili qazirgi shygharmalardan da taba almay­syn. Aqiqat kerek bolsa, shang basqan arhiyv­ter­di qoparudan basqa amal qalmaydy. Totaliy­tarlyq zamanda qolymyz kesilse, býginde ótken tarihty qazyp ýlgermey jatqandaymyz.

Jogharyda atap kórsetilgen ghylymy en­bekte "Patsha ýkimetining orystandyru saya­sa­ty" degen bólim bar. Sonda keltirilgen de­rekterding qorytyndysy tómendegidey:

Resey patshalyghy jergilikti halyqty kýsh­tep orystandyru sayasatyn ústandy, on­yng últtyq erekshelikterin, tipti tughan tilin joymaq boldy. Múnyng tóte әri tiyimdi joly orystardy qazaq arasyna kóptep ornalastyru edi. Ony arnayy qúrylghan myqty apparat arqyly jýzege asyrdy.

Týrkistan general-gubernatory 1898 jyl­ghy 6 qarashadaghy qaulysymen ónirlerdegi gubernatorlargha naqty núsqau berdi.

1. Jergilikti qyr qazaqtarymen júmys isteytin qoghamdyq basqaru oryndarynda mem­le­kettik tildi shúghyl týrde engizu qolgha alynsyn. Osy maqsatpen bolys hatshylary qazaq tilin biletin orystarmen almastyrylsyn.

2. Tez arada bolystar audarmashylary, aqsaqaldyq tórelik aitushylar men mirabtar, tәrtipti qadaghalaytyn jigitter, barlyq poliyseylik qyzmettegiler, uezdik jәne oblys­tyq mekemelerding shtatyndaghylar orystarmen auystyrylsyn.

3. Bolys basqarushylary, qalalar starshinalary men auyl aghalary, olardyng kó­­mek­­shileri men ýmitkerler, halyq sotta­­ry qyzmetine saylanatyndar men taghayyndalatyndardyng bәri orys-qazaq mektebin bitirmese nemese erekshe baghdarlama boyynsha emtihan tapsyrmasa, búl oryndargha jiberilmeytini turaly arnayy senz engizilsin.

Reseylendiru, anyghyraq aitqanda, orys­tandyru múnday sharalarmen shektelgen joq, qara shekpen - krestiyandardy qazaq elin pravoslavie dinine jappay engizu ýshin de keninen paydalanu kózdeldi.

*  *  *

Qazaq halqyn pravoslavie - hristian di­nine kóshiru memleketting basty sayasatyna ai­­nalsa, onyng týpki maqsatyn týsinu qiyn emes. Diny sana últtyq sananyng qúdiretti negizderi, ony kýiretu arqyly últtyng tarihy túghyryn qiratasyn. Diny senim arqyly qalyptasqan ómirlik salt-dәstýrdi kýl-tal­qan etesin. Milliondardyng ózine, ózin qor­shaghan ortagha, ýlken men kishige, býgini men bolashaghyna degen kózqarasyn týp-tamyrymen ózgertesin. Myndaghan jyldar boyy jasalghan, qasterlengen, eldikting nysanyna ainalghan últ­tyq mәdeniyet pen ónerden qol ýzdiresin. Búl ainalyp kelgende halyqtyng ózin-ózi talaq etuine әkelip soghady.

Osydan song qazaqtyng etnostyq teginen jiy­renip, orys bolugha asyghuy ghana qalady. Búl alyp aidahardyng manayyndaghynyng bә­rin ysqyryna jútyp jatqany sekildi ýrey­li kórinis bolar edi. Qazaq halqy sonday qau­ip-qaterding aldynda túrghan. Álihan Bókey­hanovtyng sinod pen ýkimet sheshimine ashyna qarsy shyghuy, arnayy hat jazuy sodan edi.

"Rechi" gazetine 1914 jyly jariyalanghan osy resmy qújatta qazaqtardy orystandyru sharalaryn Reseyding búdan erte bastaghanyn aighaqtaytyn derekter keltirilgen. Búl qa­dam arnayy dayyndyqtan song josparly týr­de údayy jýrgizildi. Sayasiy-ruhany negizi jyl ótken sayyn jetildirildi. Eng aldymen "Dalalyq bolystardy basqaru turaly uaqytsha erejede" qazaq jeri tolyghymen Reseyding memlekettik menshigi dep jariyalandy. Súltandyq biylik pen okrug prikazy arqyly basqaru joyyldy. Sol arqyly general-gubernatordyng biyligi búrynghydan da kýsheytildi. Dalany úsaq әkimshilik bólikterge shashyratyp jiberu el ishinde ózara talas-tartystyng kóbengine әkelip soqty, bolys saylauy әleumettik dertke ainaldy. Tizgin ústaghysy kelgen әldiler men rudyng namysyn jyrtqan әr atanyng júrty general-gubernator men oyaz ne aitsa, soghan bas shúlghugha dayyn edi. Múny aiqyn angharghan orys ýkimeti qazaqtardy sayasy jenumen birge ruhany - diny tize býktiru qiyn emes dep sheshti.

Ózara yntymaghy joq, kóp rette ortaq namysty birer kýndik ru mýddesining qanjy­ghasyna baylay salatyn, onysyna artynan óki­nip, qolyn mezgilinen kesh sermep jatatyn qazaqty ekinshi jaghynan әskery biylikting yqpalyn kýsheytu arqyly ýnemi ýreyde ústap otyrudy kózdedi. 1808 jyldan beri qaray Sibir liniyalyq kazak әskeri nyghaytylumen boldy. Qaruly kýsh qataryndaghy kazaktar erek­­she mәrtebe men jenildikterge ie edi.

1871 jyly әskery reformagha sәikes qazaq dalasyndaghy kazak әskeri ýshke bólindi. Sonyng sany jaghynan basymy Aqmola jerinde túrdy, qalghan eki qúramy Semey men Tom guberniyasyn qarauylda ústady.

Áskery kazaktar shynymen de qúdayy sýi­gen erekshe pendeler sekildi edi. Olar syrt qa­raghanda armiyadaghy qatal tәrtipti sezingen joq. Áskery bólimder sharuashylyq jәne әkimshilik jaghynan basqarylatyn poselkelerden túratyn. Búlargha poselkelik basqarma men ataman jetekshilik etti. Aqmola men Semey oblysynda osynday 173 poselke men 35 stanisa shalqyp jýrip jatty. Olargha 5 million desyatina egistik jәne jayylymdyq jer bólinip berildi. Búl úlan-ghayyr jer eki týrge jikteldi.

1. Poselkeler men stanisalar jeri. Odan әr kazak 25 desyatina alqapty tegin aldy.

2. Áuletinen әskery ofiyserler men she­neu­nikterding jeri. Jalpy kólemi h million desyatina.

Áskerding ózine ghana tiyesili túraqty qar­jysy boldy. 1895 jyly ol 1 million 008536 rublidi qúraghan.

Kazaktardyng memleket aldyndaghy negizgi mindeti at, shap dese tik kóterilip túra úmtylu, beybit kýnderi 3150 jauyngerdi saqaday say ústap otyru. Al soghys bola qalghan jaghdayda 9 myngha deyin sarbaz beru, onda da at-әbzelimen, qaru-jaraghymen.

Qazaqtardy osy dýley kýshpen әlsin-әl­sin yqtyryp otyru ýshin olardyng "beybit" jo­ryqtary ótkizilip túrghan. Jaz jaylauda otyrghan beygham elding tu syrtynan atty­ly әsker shauyp shygha keletin de ýsti-ýstine myltyq atyp, qylyshyn jarq-júrq jalandatyp, qiqulap qúi­ghytatyn. En dala úlarday shulap, azan-qazan dýrligip qala beretin.

Osynday aibarly, ózinen basqany kóz­ge ilmeytin kesirli kópting janyna qazaq­tar­dy qonystandyru sharalary erte qaras­ty­rylghanymen eshqanday nәtiyje bergen joq. Syrt qaraghanda dinge selqos bolyp kórinetin el shyndyghyna kelgende ózge tanym-senimge iylikpeytinin kórsetti. Dәstýri, minez-qúl­qy, tipti iship-jemine deyin bólek últtyng mәdeniyetin qabyldamaq týgili ony tómen sanady. Alayda jat din men әdet-ghúrypqa tam-túmdap peyil bergender de kezdesti.

Dәlelder tilimen sóileyik.

1864 jylghy 20 tamyzda Sibir qazaqtary oblysynyng әskery gubernatory Batys Sibir general-gubernatoryna qazaqtardy hristian dinine tartu sharalarynyng qorytyndysy turaly aqparat jazady. Ony qúpiya týrde jóneltken.

"Joghary mәrtebelim, maghan ýstimizdegi jyldyng 15 mamyrynda № 101 núsqaumen qazaqtardy pravoslavie dinine engizu jóninde qorytyndy jasau tapsyryldy. Osy tapsyrmany orynday otyryp, joghary mәrtebeli myrza, sizge myna jaylardy mәlimdemekpin. Sibir qazaqtary oblysynyng jeri shamamen 750 myng sharshy shaqyrymdy alyp jatyr. Osy úlanbaytaq ónirding negizgi halqy Sibir qyrghyzdary delinetin ordalyqtar. 1863 jylghy sanaq boyynsha olardyng 140013-i erler, 123202-si әielder.

Olardyng arasynda orystardyng az boluy bizding túrmys saltymyzben tanysuyna mýmkindik tughyzbay otyr. Soghan qaramastan daladaghy pravoslaviyelik baghyttaghylardyng qata­ry jyl ótken sayyn kóbeyip keledi, әsirese sauda joldarynyng boyynda. Orys túrghyndarynyng kóbengi arqyly qazaqtardyng órkeniyetke jaqyndauy arta týsetindigine kýmәn joq.

Qazaqtar, jalpy alghanda, músylmanbyz de­genimen dindarlyghy sonshalyqty aiqyn an­gharyla qoymaydy, әsirese soltýstik bóliginde. Ontýstik jaghynda, yaghny Esil ózenining ar­ghy betinde jәne Qarqaraly okruginde fana­tiy­kalyq islamnyng yqpaly kýshti, sondyqtan búl jerlerde missionerlerding hristian dinin ashyq uaghyzdauy qauipsiz emes.

Soltýstik qaptaldaghy, onyng ishinde Aq­mola, Kókshetau jәne Bayanauyl okrugterining kazak әskery jelisine jaqyn kóship-qonyp jýrgen qazaqtar orys túrmysymen azdy-kópti tanysyp ýlgerdi. Olardyng orystarmen jәne kazaktarmen arada qarym-qatynasy bar. Osynday keybir qazaqtar, әsirese kedeyleri kazaktarda jalshylyqta jýrip, pravoslavie dәstýrlerine kóz ýiretude. Alayda búl azdyq etedi jәne qazaqtardyng ishindegi tatar moldalarynan músylman dininde tәrbie alghan bilimdi әri dәuletti qazaq әuletteri búl mәselede ýlken kedergi bolyp otyr.

Osynyng bәrin saraptay kelgende mynanday qorytyndy shygharugha bolady: orys eldi mekenderi men kazaktar stanisalarynyng janynda kóship-qonyp jýrgen qazaqtardyng ara­synda, atap aitqanda әskery jeliden 10 shaqyrymdyq shenberdegilerding arasynda hriys­tian dinin bayyppen ashyq nasihattau ordalyqtardyng tarapynan fanatikalyq qar­sylyq tughyzbaydy. Osynday qadamgha baru ýshin aldymen әkimshilik dayyndyq sharalaryn jýrgizgen dúrys dep esepteymiz. Hristian dinin qabyldaghan qazaqtargha jer bólu kezinde, basqa da mәselelerde jenildikter jasalyp, sonymen birge qarjylay kómek kórsetu qarastyrylsa. Múnday qadamdar, mening oiymsha, qazaqtardyng arasynda hristian dinin taratudy jedeldetedi jәne halyqtyng joghary әri yqpaldy tobynyng búl baghyttaghy qarsylyghyn toytarady, qoghamdaghy tәrtipting saqtaluyna yqpal etedi". (Kazahsko-russkie otnosheniya v HIII-HIH vekah (1771-1867 gody) Izdatelistva "Nauka" 501-502 better.)

Sibir qazaqtary oblysy әskery guber­natorynyng búl aqparatynan qazaqtardy hristian dinine engizuge zor mәn bergenin, biraq búl orayda aitarlyqtay nәtiyje joq ekenin kóremiz. Elding kózi ashyq, kókiregi oyau azamattary islam dinin qorghaghan, ainala júrtty yqpalynda ústaghan.

Múnday jaghdaydyng Resey biyligin de, pra­voslavie dinining basshylaryn da qa­naghat­tandyrmaytyny anyq. Olar endi әskery gubernator úsynghan sharalardy josparly jýzege asyra otyryp, músylman dinining yqpalyn tómendetudi qarastyrdy. Ony sol dinning bedeldileri arqyly oryndaudyng joldary izdestirildi. General-gubernatorlar músylman meshitterining ukaznoy mollasy degen qyzmet engizip, oghan ózderi úsynghan adamdardyng saylanuyn qadaghalady. Múnday din jetekshileri islamdy uaghyzdaghan siyaqtanyp, is jýzinde onyng kýsheymeuine qyzmet etti.

Aqmola ortalyq meshitining ukaznoy mollasy Ysqaq Yusupovtyng 1865 jyly guberniya әkimshiligine bergen mәlimetinen osynyng salqynyn anghara alasyz. Mәlimet "Aqmola okrugindegi mektepter men meshitterding sany turaly vedomosti" dep atalady. Ondaghy derekter arnayy bekitilgen ýlgi boyynsha toltyrylghan. On medrese men meshitterge, olardyng mollalaryna sipattama beredi. Sonynda eskertu týrindegi týsiniktemesi bar.

"Eskertu: 1) bolystarda osy atalyp kór­se­tilgen mollalardan basqa balalargha dәris berip jýrgen arnayy rúqsaty joq tatar jәne qazaq mollalary kóp. 2) Jogharyda keltirilgennen basqa meshit, mektepter joq. Onyng esesine qazaq baylary balalaryn molla jaldap oqytady. Aqysyn aqshalay tóleydi nemese mal beredi". (Kazazhsko-russkie otnosheniya v HVIII-HIH vekah (1771-1867) gody. 526-527 better.)

Osy mәlimetterdi qarap otyryp, Aqmola qalasyndaghy meshitting ukaznoy mollasy Ysqaq Yusupov el ishinde islam dinining qanat jangyna yntaly bolsa, bolystarda әldilerding kisi jaldap balalaryna rúqsatsyz músylmansha bilim beretinin habarlamas edi dep oilaysyn. Bәlkim dinimizge ie bolghansyp jýrgen imamdardyng hristian jansyzyna ainalu kezeni osy tústan bastalghan shyghar. Olar kenes zamanynda da týgeldey osynday bitimde boldy.

Patsha ýkimeti general-gubernatorlardyng qolymen diny otarlau sayasatyn osylay bir demdep alghan song missionerlik nasihatty eselep kýsheytuge bel sheship kiristi. Búghan dәlel shashetekten.

Aqmolada 1907 jyly imperatrisa Mariya Fedorovnanyng býkilreseylik missionerlik qoghamynyng bólimshesi ashyldy. Búl qogham sodan 39 jyl búryn Mәskeude qúrylghan bolatyn. Onyng týrli qoghamdyq әleumettik toptardyng ókilderinen iriktelgen mýshelerining sany 11 mynnan asyp týsip, Resey men odan tysqary jerlerge yqpaly jýrip túrghan, dәuirlegen kezi edi.

Qoghamgha airyqsha mәn berilgeni sonshalyq, ondaghy qyzmetti Mәskeu jәne Vladimir mitropoliytining ózi rettep otyrdy. Osynday bedelge ie úiymnyng qolyn eshkim qagha almaytyn, qoghamnan tapsyrma alghan missionerler Sibir men europalyq Reseyding orys emes últtary arasynda hristian dinine ýgitteudi uaqyt ótken sayyn kýsheytti. Bara-bara Soltýstik Amerika men Japoniyagha da shygha bastady. Qogham olardan qarjy ayaghan joq. 1907 jyly Sibir missiyasyna 123428, europalyq Resey missiyasyna 73189, Japoniya missiyasyna 18120, Soltýstik Amerika missiyasyna 3600 rubli bóldi.

Kýsh-quatyn memleket pen imperatorlyq din ortalyghynan alghan qogham Aqmola jerine taban tiresimen qazaq missiyasyn ashty. Onyng jeti úiymy Aqmola men Semey oblysyn sharlap ketti. Búlarmen bir mezgilde әielder bólimderi payda bola bastady.

Missiyanyng ortalyghynda arnayy dayyn­dyqtan ótken 20 adam júmys istedi. Basqaru apparaty myna qyzmetterden qúraldy: 1. Arhimandriyt. 2. Ýsh iyeromonah. 3. Jeti svyashenniyk. 4. Tórt diyakon. 5. Bes psalomshy.

Osylardyng janyn sala úiymdasty­ruy­men az ghana uaqyttyng ishinde el ishin aralaytyn missionerlerding sany 8528 adamgha jetti, búlardyng 299-y basqa últtardan edi.

Qazaq missiyasy osylay "búghanasyn be­kitip" alghan song músylmandardy shoqyn­dyru ýshin qajetti sharalardyng bәrin jýzege asyrdy. Oblystyng әr tarapynan mektepter ashty. Olarda sol jyldyng ózinde 149 er bala men 58 qyz oqyghan. Búlardyng 17 janadan shoqyndyrylghandar boldy.

Múnymen qatar hristian dinine engizil­gen tórt bala men segiz qyz qalalyq uchiliy­shelerge jiberildi. Olardyng bilimi de, kýtimi de tegin boldy. Missiya kómek súraghan óz­ge dindegilerge qaytarymsyz 800 rubli, qay­tarymmen 200 rubli bere alatyn. Múnday kólemdegi qarjy ýshin talaylardyng hriys­tiandyqtan qasha qoymaytynyn olar bildi.

Osynday sharalardan song ózge dinge jal­ghyz-jarymdar peyil bergen. 1907-1910 jyldardaghy әlgi missionerlik qoghamnyng ese­bine kóz salsanyz, olardyng ózderi belgili merzimderden song tól dinine qaytyp oralghan.

Jyldar boyy tókken ter men júmsalghan qyruar qarjy kýtkendegidey nәtiyje bermese de patsha ýkimeti men sinod alghan betinen qaytqan joq. Olardyng kezekti memlekettik dengeydegi iri qadamyna qarsy shyqqan Álihan Bókeyhanov Memlekettik dumagha hat jazyp («Otkrytoe pisimo chlenom Gosdumy»), ony "Rechi" gazetining 1914 jylghy 22 qantardaghy sanynda jariyalaghan. Sol tarihy qújatty týpnúsqa kýiinde tәrjimalamay úsynudy jón kórdik.

«Pereselencheskoe upravlenie ozabocheno ne odnoy razdachey kazennoy zemly v Kirgizskoy stepy lisam vseh sosloviy: malozemelinym K.N.Kochubeyam, Kasatkinym-Rostovskim y drugiym, a takje podgotovkoiy Kirgizskogo (kazahskogo) naroda k "Vospriyatii pravoslavno-hristianskogo veroucheniya".

Vot dokument kotorym rukovodstvuetsya proizvodiyteli rabot, nadelyaya kirgiz zemledelicheskoy normoy y ispolnyaya tochnoe ukazanie sentralinoy vlastiy.

Svyateyshiy sinod po opredelenii ot 5 (26) aprelya sego goda za №3067, priznal jelatelinym, chtoby pry zemleustroiytelinyh rabotah na mestah poseleniya kirgiyz, kirgizy - magometane y kirgizy pravoslavnye byly poselyaemy vmeste s russkimy krestiyanamy s tem, chtoby pry poseleniy ih s russkimiy-krestiyanamy chislo kirgiz - magometan ne prevoshodilo by poloviny pravoslavnogo naseleniya dannoy mestnosty daby pravoslavnye ludy pry resheniy vseh voprosov kasayshihsya ih hozyaystvennogo byta y nujd, mogly iymeti preimushestvo pered inorodsamiy.

Ukazannymy meropriyatiyami, po mnenii sv. sinoda kirgizskoe naselenie stepnyh oblastey y Turkestanskogo kraya mojet byti podvinuto k vospriyatii pravoslavno-hristianskogo veroucheniya.

Glavnoe upravlenie zemleustroystva y zemledeliya soobshaya ob etom vyskazalisi za jelatelinosti sovmestnogo poseleniya kirgiz s russkiym, kak v selyah rasprostraneniya y ukrepleniya pravoslavie sredy inoversev, tak y v vidu vozmojnosty etim putem dostignuti skoreyshego priobsheniya tuzemnogo naseleniya stepnyh oblastey k russkoy gosudarstvennosty y russkoy kuliture y sliyaniya ego s russkimi. Ob etom soobshai Vashemu vysokorodii dlya zavisyashih rasporyajeniy, podlinnoe za nadlejashim podpisom.

"G.G. zavedyvaishim podrayonamy y krestiyanskim nachalinikam.

Nastoyashaya kopiya uvedomleniya voennogo gubernatora Uraliskoy oblasty ot 12 iinya sego goda № 11400 o sovmestnom ustroystve pravoslav­nyh y magometan, preprovojdaetsya vashemu vysokoblagorodii dlya rukovodstva y ispolneniya.

IInya 27 dnya 1912 goda № 9373.

Za zavedyvaIshego pereselencheskom delom Konstantinov.

I. ob. sekretarya P.Arseniev.

N.Arseniev".

Posle vysochayshego ukaza 17 aprelya 1905 goda sv. sinod nahodit vozmojnym svoe vmeshatelistvo v delo very inoslavnyh v forme davleniya na hozyaystvennuy jizni 5-millionnogo Kirgizskogo naroda, a glavnoe upravlenie zemleustroystva y zemledeliya, posle Vysochayshego ukaza 12 dekabrya 1904 goda rekomenduet mestnoy administrasiy y chinam pereselencheskogo upravleniya ispolniti ne zakonnoe opredelenie sv. sinoda.

"Zakon 3-go iinya", blagodarya staraniyam ohotnikov na kirgizskui zemlu iz knyazey y grafov, lishil nas prava zashity s tribuny Gosudarstvennoy Dumy.

Nadeysi chto g.g. deputaty obratyat svoe vniy­manie na to, chto v priyvedennom dokumente naliso vopiishee narushenie zakonov y chto deputaty vospolizuytsya 35 y 58 st. st. uchrejdeniya Gos. Dumy. Chlen 1-oy Gos.Dumy Alihan Bukey-Hanov. Gazeta "Rechi" 22 yanvarya 1914 g.»

Qazaqtardy orystarmen aralastyru, basqa mәdeniyetke jýgindirip, hristian dinine engizu arqyly últ retinde joigha arnalghan patshalyq Reseyding kezekti әreketi men oghan Alash ardaqtysy Álihan Bókeyhanovtyng azamattyq qarsylyghy osynday.

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Resey imperiyasynyng qazaq halqyn hristian dinine engizu jónindegi sayasatyn odan әri taratsaq, osy sharuany alghash Tobyl diny konsistorii qolgha alypty. Ol 1864 jyly Petropavl qalasynda qazaqtardy shoqyndyrumen ainalysatyn mekeme qúrudy úsynyp, Sibir qazaqtary oblystyq basqarmasyna hat jazady. Aqmola, Kókshetau, Atbasar uezderi qazaqtarynyng shoqynugha niyeti qanday ekenin biludi súraydy. Búl hatqa "әzirge shoqyna qoyatyn qazaq joq" degen jauap beriledi.

Búdan bylay qaray shoqyndyru isine memlekettik mәn beru ýshin "Missionerlik qogham" qúryldy. 1869 jyly Qazan qala­synda osy qoghamnyng 1-sezi ótken. Sezd jarghysynda mynanday mindetter qoyylady: Resey imperiyasynda túratyn hristian emes­terdi pravoslaviyege kóshiru, shoqynghandar sanasynda hristian daghdysyn sinire beru, ony aldymen qazaqtardyng arasynda jýrgizu. Osynyng alghashqy qadamy retinde Ishki ister ministrligi meshitterding janyndaghy mektepterde orys tili sabaghyn engizuge búiryq berdi.

1876 jyly Aqmola oblystyq gubernatory shoqyndyrudyng jayy turaly qatynas jazghan. Odan myna joldardy oqy alasyz: "Pravoslavie missionerlik qoghamynyng dýniyege kelui Reseyding basqa da hristiandyq úiymdarynyng isin qúlshyndyra týskeni bayqalady. Sonyng biri Tobyl konsistoriyasynyng preosvyasheniygi Abram 1889 jyldyng jazynda Kókshetau, Atbasar uezderinde bolghan eken. Kókshetau oyazy osy sapar jóninde oblysqa týsirgen aqparynda bylay deydi: Kókshetauda sharuasymen jýrgen bolystarmen jәne stanisa jataghy túrghyndarymen kezdesip, hristian dinining dúrystyghy jóninde әngime aitty. Keybirine qasiyetti jazbalardyng qazaqshagha audarghan kitapshalaryn úsyndy. Búl kezdesu qazaqtar arasynda әr saqqa jýgirtildi. Osydan eki-ýsh jyl búryn Mekkege baryp qaytqan Qojahmet Saddin dereu bolystardy aralap ketip, qazaqtardy dinine berik bolugha, jalpy dinge bekem bolu ýshin oblysta mýfty qyzmeti bolu kerektigi jóninde mәsele kóteripti".

1893 jyldyng qantarynda Tom jәne Semey episkopy Makariy Dala bas gubernatoryna qazaq arasynda jýrgen tatar, búharlar men týrikterding negizgi maqsaty islam dinin kýsheytu ekenin aityp, búdan bylay qaray meshit salugha tyiym salynuyn, tatarlar men búharlardy qazaq jerinen әskery kýshpen quyp shyghudy ótinedi.

Svyashenik Ioan Nikoliskiy 1893 jyly Semey oblysy gubernatoryna jazghan hatynda shoqynghan qazaqtargha arnayy jer bólip, olardy elden jyraqtatyp tastaudy úsynady. Olar músylmandardyng yqpalynan aulaq boluyn, islam dinine qayta kirip ketpeuin eskertedi. "Qazaq missionerlik qoghamy" osy gubernatorgha: "qazaqtardy pravoslavie men otyryqshylyqqa neghúrlym kóbirek tartu ýshin orystar men jana shoqynghan qazaqtardy selogha aralas otyrghyzghan jón bola ma, qalay? Osynday jaghdayda ghana jana shoqynghandar orystyng әdet-ghúrpy, salt-sana, tilin, hristian dinining mindetterin, jer óndeu tәsilderin, jalpy auyl sharuashylyghyn jýrgizudi tez ýirenip alar edi. Al shoqynghan qazaqtardy birynghay auyl qylyp qonystandyru - olardy orystandyru sayasatyna mýlde say kelmeydi"  dep oy salady.

Torghay oblysy gubernatory 1897 jyly Orynbor bas gubernatoryna: "Qazaqtar arasynda músylman dini sindi degenshe, dala ólkesindegi orys isi keri ketti dey beriniz. Búl óz kezeginde naghyz dúshpan yqpalynyng kýsheye týskenin dәleldeytin bolsa kerek. Múnyng bәrin qazaq arasynda jasap jýrgen tatarlar", - dep jazady. Al Aqmola oblysynyng gubernatory oqyghan tatar, sarttardy rúqsat qaghazy bolsa da elden quyp shyghudy úsynyp ýsti-ýstine baybalam salady. Osylardyng negizinde Dala bas gubernatorynyng 1905 jyly "Dala ólkesindegi islam jaghdayy jóninde" haty әzirlendi. Tatarlardy diny bólip tastaudyng joldary oilastyryldy. Olardy Orynbor diny jiynynda qal­dy­ryp, qazaqtardy jergilikti әkim­shi­lik­ke tapsyru tәrtibi dýniyege keldi. Orystandyru sayasatyna oqyghan qa­­­­zaq ziyalylary qarsy shygha bastaghandyqtary, meshit salushylar men qajygha barushylar kóbeygeni, әzirge qan aralastyru arqyly hriys­tiandandyrugha erte ekendigi ýs­ti-ýstine tal­qy­lanyp jatty. Búl sayasat el ishinde qarsylyq tughyzdy. 1905 jyly Aqmola uezi Ereymen, Qorjynkól bolystaryndaghy Kerey, odan keyin Semeydegi Múqyr, Shynghystau, Búghyly, Shaghan, Qyzy­l­adyr qazaqtary qabyldap, on ýsh mynday adam qol qoyghan Húzyrhat Ministrler kenesining tóraghasyna jóneltildi. Onda qazaq dalasynda orystandyru sharalary ashyqtan-ashyq jýrgizilip jatqany, maldyng órisi tarylghany, jerdi qarashekpender opyryp ala bastaghany, adam qúqy ayaqqa basylghany, diny bostandyq joqtyghy bayandalyp, mynanday talaptar qoyylghan:

1. Ojdan bostandyghy, diny nanym bostandyghy bolsyn. Qazaq, tatar, arab tilindegi diny kitaptargha senzura toqtatylsyn. Metrikalyq tirkeu din basqarmasyna berilsin.

2. Auyl mektepterinde qazaq әlippesi oqytylsyn. Sabaq qazaq tilinde de jýrgizilsin.

3. Qazaq tilinde gazet shygharylsyn, ol senzurasyz bolyp, baspahana ashylsyn.

4. Qazaqtar meken etip otyrghan jerler solardyng menshigi dep tanylsyn.

5. Oblystyq basqarmalarda qazaq tilining tilmashtary bolyp, is qaghazy qazaq tilinde jýrgizilsin. Sot qyzmet etip otyrghan halyqtyng tilin bilsin.

Búl talaptardyng ishinara oryndalghanyn tarihtan bilemiz. Qazaq gazetteri, baspahana ashyldy, biraq senzura qatang boldy. Gu­bernatordyng rúqsatynsyz meshit salu zansyz dep tanyldy. Qazaq tilmashtary payda boldy, alayda olar qatang súryptaudan ótkizilip, Reseyge, sonyng sayasatyna berilgender irikteldi. Qazaqtardy hristian dinine tartu, islam dinine qysym jalghasa berdi. Meshitter janyndaghy mektepterge baqylau kýsheyip, aralas mektepter kóbeytildi.

Elde mektep ashu Reseyding otarlyq sayasa­tynan tys qalghan joq-ty. Dalany sauat­tandyrudyng astary boldy. Osy mektepterde oqyghan qazaq jastary týbinde reseyshil bolyp jetilui tiyis edi. Búghan sol tústa bir bóget kesel jasaghanday bolatyn. Qazaq múghalimderining tapshylyghyna baylanysty mektepterde tatar ústazdary sabaq berdi de olar qazaq balalaryn tatar jaghyna beyimdey bastady. Osyny sezgen Resey Bilim beru ministrligi 1876 jyly patsha aghzamgha mynanday úsynystar týsirdi.

- Is qaghazdaryn jýrgizude tatar tilining ornyna qazaq tilin qoldanu.

- Osyghan baylanysty tatar audarmashylaryn qazaqtarmen almastyru.

Búghan patsha aghzam "kelisuge bolady" dep qol qoyady. Bilim ministrligi iske kóshedi. "Torghay uezinde mynanday tәjiriybe bar, - delingen onyng bir esebinde, - onda orys-qazaq mektebin bitirip kelgen qazaq jastaryna aldymen is qaghazdaryn jýrgizu tәsilderin ýiretip alyp, sodan keyin olarmen orys hat-shot jýrgizushilerin almastyrady eken. Osy tәjiriybege kóshetin shygharmyz".

Múnyng ekinshi maqsaty da boldy. Orys-qazaq mektepterin kóbeytu arqyly músylman mektep-medreselerining tynysyn taryltu qa­­jet edi. Bilim beru ministrligining myna bir bayanyna zer salayyq. "Búl maqsatqa je­tuding joly bar, - delingen onda. - Auyldaghy músylman mektepteri Qazan tatarlary men Orta Aziyadan shyqqan múghalimder qo­lynda. Qazaq balalaryna músylman dinining artyqtyghyn aityp, boylaryna fanatizm ru­hyn sinirip jatqan solar. Aldymen Dala ól­ke­sinen osylardy alastau kerek. Sonan song biz auyldardaghy músylman mektep, medreselerin sәtimen ornalastyrylghan orys-qazaq mektepteri arqyly ghana ómirden yghystyra alar edik". Búl kýresting ondaghan jyldar boyy ýzdiksiz jýrgizilgenine Aqmola oblysy gubernatorynyng patsha aghzamgha 1910-1911 jyldary joldaghan esebi dәlel. Onda orys-qazaq mektepterin ashu qymbatqa týsse de toqtatylmaytyny aitylady. Al osy gubernator 1898 jyldyng ózinde Dala bas gubernatoryna bylay dep jazghan: "Mektep isi әr últtyng óz yqtiyaryna berilgen. Solardyng basyn qosugha aralas mektepter ashu arqyly ghana qol jeter edi. Múnday mektepterding maqsaty tek bilim beru ghana emes,sonymen birge basqa din adamdary arasynda hristian dini men orys mәdeniyetin taratu bolugha tiyis". Mine, atyshuly aralas mektepter osylay dýniyege kelgen.

Osy orayda Reseyding qazaq dalasynda qazaq qyzdarynyng mektepterin ashuy da orys sayasatynyng "jemisi" ekenin aitpaqpyz. Resey missionerleri qazaq әielining otbasynda bedelge ie ekenin, aitqanyn ótkize alatynyn jaqsy bilgen. Soghan sәikes qyzdary orysshyl bolsa, erteng shanyraq kóterip ýili bolghanda, balalaryna reseylik tәrbie beredi. Mәsele, mine osynda edi. Múnday mektepter Aqmola oblysy gubernatorynyng atap kórsetkenindey qazaq sanasyn diny yqpaldan tazartatyn senimdi qúral edi. Reseyshil bolghan qazaqty odan әri shoqyndyrugha jol ashylar edi.

Kórip otyrsyzdar, islam dinine qarsy kýres qazaq dalasynda imperiyalyq qarqynmen tolassyz jýrgizildi. Kenes kezeninde basqasha sipatta jalghastyryldy. Osy shoqyndyru jәne últtyq dәstýrlerden aiyru sayasatynyng salqynynan kýni býginge deyin saqtalyp kele jatqan aila-amalynyng biri - aralas mektepter. Olar respublikanyng barlyq ónirlerinde bar, әsirese iri qalalarda ondap, jýzdep sanalady. Búl endigi jerde barshamyzdy oilandyrugha tiyis. Sonday-aq diny erkindikterding de shegi bolatynyn eskeretin kez keldi. Patshalyq Resey men Kenes odaghy qansha kýsh salsa da nәtiyje shyghara almaghan maqsatqa tolyp ketken diny aghymdar men kýmәndi sektalar qol jetkizip jýrmesin desek, olardyng tizginin tartyp ústaugha mindettimiz. Alash kósemi Álihan Bókeyhanov jýrgizgen din men ruh tazalyghy jolyndaghy kýres tolastaugha tiyis emes.

Aldan SMAYYL, jazushy, Memlekettik syilyqtyng laureaty.

Astana.

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