Júma, 22 Qarasha 2024
Keshe men býgin 4799 0 pikir 29 Nauryz, 2019 saghat 11:18

Senator syny. Arnayy ekonomikalyq aimaqtar haqynda...

Qazaqstanda arnayy ekonomikalyq aimaqtar qúrudaghy basty maqsat – elge sheteldik jәne otandyq investisiya tartu jәne ónir ekonomikasynyng ósimin arttyru edi. Elimizde alghash ret ótken ghasyrdyng 90 jyldary Taldyqorghan, Qyzylorda, Jezqazghan, Óskemen, Qostanay ónirlerinde arnayy ekonomikalyq aimaqtar qúrylghanymen, ol aimaqtardyng barlyghy derlik óz maqsatyna qol jetkize almady. Óitkeni oghan qarjylyq tapshylyq, tehnikalyq baza, infraqúrylymnyng bolmauy jәne basqarudaghy tәjiriybesizdik sebep boldy.

2000 jyldary Arnayy ekonomikalyq aimaq turaly zang qayta qaralyp, memleket qoldaudy birshama kýsheytip, jer uchaskelerin bólip, qarjy bóle bastaghanymen olarda óz dәrejesinde nәtiyje bermedi. Túnghysh Preziydent, Elbasymyz 2007 jyldan bastalghan daghdarysty jyldargha qatysty jana ekonomikalyq sayasatty aiqyndaghanda investisiyalar tartu mәselesin birinshi oryngha qoyyp, búl ýshin industriyalyq-innovasiyalyq damudyng memlekettik baghdarlamasymen qosa qolgha alynghan Arnayy ekonomikalyq aimaqtargha barynsha mәn berile bastady. 2011 jyly osy salagha qatysty jana zang qabyldandy. Alayda uaqyt óte kele búl zannyng da tolyq júmys isteuge mýmkindigi bolmay otyrghany anyqtalyp otyr.

Sondyqtan da býgingi talqygha týsip otyrghan zang birshama olqylyqtardy zandyq túrghyda retteydi. Degenmen de, ministrlikting jәne ýkimetting nazaryn әli de bolsa sheshimin tappaghan myna mәselelerge nazaryn audarghym keledi.

Qoghamda, biznes ortada arnayy ekonomikalyq aimaqtyng tiyimdiligi turaly әr aluan  pikirtalas bar. Óitkeni arnayy ekonomikalyq aimaqtyng qyzmetining tiyimdiligi turaly mәlimet  joqtyng qasy. Basqarushy kompaniyalardyng esepteri arnayy sayttarda jariyalanbaydy. Osy kezge deyin elimizdegi arnayy ekonomikalyq aimaqtyng infraqúrylymyna 283 mld. tenge budjet qarjysy júmsalyp, onyng budjetke nebәri 112 mld. tenge yaghny 40 % salyq retinde qaytaryldy.  Osydan mynaday súraqtar tuyndaydy: Osy kezge deyin qúrylghan arnayy ekonomikalyq aimaqtar ekonomikamyzgha ne berdi? Olar ekonomikalyq ósim kórsetetin salagha ainala aldy ma? Ýkimet olardyng júmysyn tújyrymdamalyq týrde saralap qorytyndy jasady ma? Ókinishke oray naqty jauap joq.

AEA-gha memleket tarapynan mynaday jenildikter qarastyrylghan: korparativtik tabys salyghy, jer salyghy tólenbeydi. Óndirilgen tauarlar men kórsetilgen qyzmetke QSS tek AEA-ta salynbaydy, biraq osy aimaqta óndirilgen tauarlar men óndiris qyzmetin AEA-tan ótkizu kezinde QSS salynady. Búl tiyimdiligi joq týsiniksiz jayt. Shetelden mamandar tartyp, olardyng jalaqy qoryna beriletin jenildikter tek ghylymy jәne bilim salasy mamandaryna berilgen. Al bizdegi qúrylghan 11 AEA tek óndiris sektoryna beyimdelgen. AEA qatysushylardyng qyzmetin yntalandyru ýshin importtyq ónimderdi almastyratyn úzaq merzimdi memlekettik tapsyrystar, ghylymy tehnikalyq tapsyrystar men programmalar әzirleu, aralas jәne klasterlik óndiris qúru, «Bir terezeden» basqaru prisipteri osy kezge deyin birde-bir normativtik qúqyqtyq aktilerde qarastyrylmaghan. Býgingi taldanyp otyrghan Zang jobasynda da joq.

Memlekettik kepildik berilgen auqymdy tapsyrystargha tek óndeu sektoryna osy kezge deyin tikeley sheteldik investorlar ghana tartyldy. Osynday auqymdy tapsyrystargha otandyq investorlar nege tartylmaydy degen zandy súraq tuyndaydy. Búghan tiyisti salanyng sheneunikteri otandyq investorlar búl salagha kelmeydi, sondyqtanda da AEA damymay jatyr degen uәj aitady. Alayda, qyzyghushylyq tanytatyn otandyq investorlar jetkilikti, biraq olar ýshin eshqanday yntalandyru tetigi jasalynbaghan. Últtyq kompaniyalarda AEA-da shygharylatyn ónimderge kóp súranystar bola túra olar eng bolmasa  óndirushilermen bir jylgha kepildik beretin kelisim shartqa otyrmaydy. Óitkeni olargha jergilikti óndirilgen ónimnen góri arzan shetel ónimderin alu anaghúrlym tiyimdi. Demek investorlardy izdegennen góri әrbir AEA-gha úzaq merzimdi tapsyrystardyng tetikterin engizu qajet. Osynday naqty tapsyrystargha investorlardyng ózderi keledi, al salyq jәne kedendik jenidikter olar ýshin qosymsha yntalandyru tetigi bolyp tabylady. Osy orayda import almastyru, әrtýrli salalardaghy sharuashylyq baylanysyn qalpyna keltiru, memleketting investisiyagha salatyn salmaghyn tómendetu, elimizding ekonomikasyndaghy óndeu salasynyng ýlesin arttyru siyaqty mәseleler de ong sheshimin tabar edi.

AEA-da aghymdaghy júmys nәtiyjelerine salalyq baghalau jasay otyryp, olardyng bazalarynda salalyq klasterding úiymdastyrudyng naqty issharalaryn jasau qajet. Al basqa salyqtyq-kedendik sharalar atalmysh salalyq damudyng klasterlik josparyna baghynu kerek. Aralas óndiris oryndaryn, olardyng jabdyqtaushylar jelisin AEA ónimderin tútynushylargha jetkizuin úiymdastyrmayynsha birde bir arnayy AEA-ng júmysy nәtiyjeli bolmaydy. Býgingi kýni AEA-q qyzmetteri turaly resmy esepterinde klasterding joqtyghyn ýlken problema ekeni aitylady. Mysaly: «Ontýstik» AEA Qazaqstanda óndirilgen shiykizattardyng syrtqa ketip jatqanyn óz óndirisine qajet tovarlardy syrttan  alatyndyghyn aitsa, «Innovasiyalyq tehnologiyalyq park» AEA memleket tarapynan beriletin ghylymiy-tehnikalyq damu jәne jana tehnologiya jasau tapsyrystarynan qúr alaqan bolyp qaldyq, últtyq kompaniyalargha óz ónimderimizdi ótkizuge mýmkinshilik joq deydi, al «Saryarqa» AEA salalyq monopolisterding shiykizattyq eksportyna baylanysty ózderin metal ónimdermen qamtamasyz ete almauda. Al «Taraz» himiyalyq parki 2018 j. esebi boyynsha birde bir jobany jýzege asyrmaghan.

AEA-ng qatysushylary memlekettik sektor emes jekemenshiktegi zandy jәne jeke túlghalar. Sondyqtan da AEA-ny basqaruda osy zandy jәne jeke túlghalar basty oryn aluy tiyis. Qanday úiym-memlekettik ne kvaziymemlekettik úiym bola ma, AEA-ty salalyq qajettilikteri ýshin vedomstva aralyq tiyimdi qarym qatynastardy qamtamasyz etip, korporativti jәne memlekettik tapsyrystardyng tetikterin paydalanyp, úzaq merzimge investorlardy tarta almaydy. Búl ýshin eng aldymen jaldamaly basqarushylar men sheneunikterding bonusy men mansaptyq ósui emes kәsipker-biznes iyesine ýlken yntalandyru kerek. Sonda ghana AEA tolyqqandy júmys jasaydy dep oilaymyn.

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