Qazirgi eldegi ekonomikalyq daghdarys kezinde “Subsidiya halyq sharuashylyghynda júmys isteytin júmyskerlerge, bolmasa “ekonomikalyq taldaudy kýtip otyrghan kәsiporyn basshylarynyng qaltasyna berile me?” — degen saual tónireginde qatty oilanugha tura keledi. Qazaqstanda sonau KSRO kezining ózinde dәl qazirgidey qarjylyq-ekonomikalyq daghdarys bolghan joq-ty.
Ras, siyrek bolsa da tabyssyz kәsiporyndar bolatyn. Ózim Qazaqstan týsti metallurgiya ministrliginde qyzmet istegendikten, sol kezdegi biraz jaydan habarym bar. Mysaly, Pavlodar totyqty topyraq zauytynda (PAGZ), Balqash tau-ken-metallurgiyalyq kombinatynda Londonnyng kinәsinen mysqa degen bagha tómendetilse, PAGZ-da júmysty qaytalaushylyq oryn alghan edi. Keshendi komissiya bir ay boyy múqiyat tekseru jýrgizip, aqyry osy sebepting syryn ashu arqyly kәsiporyndaghy 300 adamdy qysqartyp, sonyng arqasynda zauyt qaytadan tabysty bolghany әli esimde. Olay bolsa, qazirgi kýni de taldau jasaghan kezde (audiyt, eksporttyq komissiya, t.b.) tekseru qorytyndysyna sýiene otyryp, kәsiporyndar men belgili bir sharuashylyq salalarynda ekonomikalyq jәne qarjylyq daghdarys shyn mәninde oryn alyp otyr ma, joq pa, sony negizdep, dәl anyqtap alghan jón. Birinshiden, Elbasy bastaghan biylik búqara halyq pen kәsiporyn újymdaryna daghdarysqa qarsy baghdarlamany iske asyru ýshin kimning jauap beretinin aldyn ala habarlap, qalyng júrtshylyq ekonomikanyng qanday salalarynda jaghday auyr ekenin, onyng saldary qanday bolatynyn bilip otyruy tiyis. Eger biz: “Halyqty demokratiyalyq basqaru —halyq arqyly halyq ýshin jýzege asyryluy tiyis” (avtor),—  dep týsinsek, halyqtan túratyn qogham mýsheleri eshtenemen isi joq, darynsyz tobyr bolmauy qajet. Sebebi, úly daghdarys osy daghdarysqa deyin memleketting ekonomikalyq túraqtylyghynyng kepili bolghan ýlken shyghyndy — kapitaldy talap etedi. Ekinshiden, keshendi komissiya tau-ken ónimderi óndirisi salasynda isteytin barlyq sheteldik investorlar men óndiristik kәsiporyn basshylaryn tekserip, olar basqaryp otyrghan óndiristik salalar shynynda da ekonomikalyq daghdarysqa úshyrap otyr ma, onyng sebepteri men faktorlary qanday, ol kimning kinәsinen bolyp otyrghanyn, yaghni: Ýkimetten be, korporasiya  iә firma basshylarynan ba, eskirgen qúral-jabdyqtardan iә bólingen qarajattyng jetispeushiliginen be, enbekti nashar úiymdastyru men auyr enbek jaghdayynan ba, “shiykizat-zauyt-bayytu fabrikasy” marshrutyna shyghynnyng kóp shyghuynan ba, solardyng bәrin anyqtap, tiyisti qorytyndy shygharuy kerek. “Kәsiporyn — bankrot, Qazaqstannyng ekonomikalyq salasynyng bәri daghdarysqa úshyrady”,— dep úrandatu sheteldik investor ýshin onay. Olar múny aldymen ekonomikalyq, qarjylyq, adamdyq, ekologiyalyq, transporttyq, shiykizattyq resurstar túrghysynan dәiektesin. Osylay etse, Ýkimetting stolyna újym qol qoyyp, AQ iә firma móri basylghan memorandumdy qoyyp, ózderinde kapital joq bolsa, biylikten sonda ghana kómek súraugha bolady. “Vzglyad” gazetining 1.01.09 sanynda jariyalanghan QR Enbek jәne halyqty әleumettik qorghau ministrligining deregi boyynsha, respublikada 25 kәsiporyn tolyq toqtaghan eken. 72 mynnan astam adam mәjbýrli demalysta jýr nemese tolyq emes júmys kýni rejiyminde enbek etude. Elding eng basty baylyghy aqsha, tipti resurstar da emes, adam men onyng tirshiligin qamtamasyz etetin ónerkәsiptik óndiris desek, artyq aitqandyq bolmaydy. Aqsha qúnsyzdanuy mýmkin, al, resurstardy ónerkәsiptik ónimderge aiyrbastaugha bolady. 70 jyldary Batys elderi (Braziliya, Germaniya, t.b.) ónerkәsiptik óndiristerin jedel el syrtyna shyghara bastady. Búl belsendilik Batystan emes, “salyq gavani” sanalatyn Bagama, Bermud, Virginiya, Kayman araldarynda ornalasqan offshorlyq firmalar men transúlttyq korporasiyalardyng “jyrtqysh” basshylarynan tuyndaghan edi. Búl Batys júrtyn shoshyndyrmay túra almady. Sol sebepti de jahandanugha qarsy qozghalys eng aldymen osy Batys әlemine keng taray bastady. Búl jýie qúryp barady, biraq, ony nege ekeni belgisiz, tek qazaqtar ghana jii aitady. Men AQSh pen Batystyn, basqa da ózara bir-birimen baylanysty kapitalistik, damushy jәne Europa elderining ekonomikasyn qúldyratyp, әlemdik qarjylyq jýieni kýireuge alyp kelgen naq osy jýie dep esepteymin. AQSh-tyng qazirgi syrtqy qaryzy trillion dollardy qúraydy.
Investorlarga talapty qataytu kerek
Qazaqstandaghy tau-ken óndirisi men qayta óndeu ónerkәsipterining 80 payyzgha juyghyn  sheteldik investorlar basqarady. Naq solar Monako, Panama, Bermud, Virginiya, Kayman araldarynda ornalasqan transúlttyq kompaniyalardyng ókilderi “jyrtqyshtyq offshorlyq salyqtyq gavani” arqyly Qazaqstannan óndirgen tauarlardy syrtqa tasidy. Múnday shaghyn memleketterding jeri búrynghy koloniyada bolghan ne damyghan elderden azattyq alyp, ózin-ózi basqaratyn territoriyagha ainalghan elder (mysaly, Lihtenshteyn, t.b.) bolyp tabylady. Búl kezde paydany tauardy naghyz tútynushylar әlemdik baghamen solardan satyp alatyn enshiles kәsiporyndar kóredi. “Ýshinshi әlemnin” ýlken paydasy “ana” kompaniyalar boyynsha bólinedi. Qazaqstandaghy sheteldik kompaniyalar dәl osylay júmys isteydi, oghan kýmәn keltirmese de bolady. Isker adamdar men óndirisshiler 1990-1992 jyldary Qazaqstangha Sem Kisling, Mark Seytliyn, aghayyndy Rubenderding qalay kelgenin jaqsy biledi. Biraq, olar 1997 jyly N.Nazarbaev “Qazaqstan aluminiyi” AQ-y men “Qazhrom”, “SSGPO”, “Evraziyalyq korporasiya” AQ-yn 120 million dollargha 3 jylgha satyp alugha rúqsat bermegennen keyin, elden ketuge mәjbýr boldy. “Qazaqstan aluminiyi” AQ-ynyng basshysy A.Ibragimov ta olarmen júmys isteuden bas tartty. Búdan shyghatyn qorytyndy — sheteldik investorlargha senuge bolady, biraq, jogharydaghy sekildi offshorlyq aimaqtarda olardyng enshiles kәsiporyndary bar-joghyn ýnemi tekserip otyru qajet. Óitkeni, múnday offshorlyq aimaqtarda ornalasqan enshiles firmalar men kәsiporyndar tabys salyghyn 1-2 payyz mólsherinde ghana tóleydi, ol jylyna bar bolghany 100-150 dollardy ghana qúrauy mýmkin. Eng bastysy — offshorlyq kompaniyalar esh týsindirusiz kez kelgen valutada shet el bankinde depozit ashyp, tólem aqshalaryn ala alady. Offshorlyq biznes sondyqtan da óte tiyimdi. Olay bolsa, Qazaqstan Ýkimeti bizding elimizde júmys istep, milliondaghan, milliardtaghan dollardy kýrep alyp, milliarder atanghan sheteldik kompaniyalardyng korporativtik is-qyzmetin tekseruge qúqyly. Bizding ónerkәsip olargha óz ýilerindegige qaraghanda, 5-6 ese artyq payda beredi. Óitkeni, olar ýshin aqyrghy ónimning (metall, múnay, uran,t.b.) ózindik qúny kóp kórsetkishter boyynsha anaghúrlym arzangha týsedi. Bizdinshe, búdan Ýkimet ýsh ret útyldy. Birinshiden, zeynetkerlik qordy, ekinshiden, bankti (aksiya, nesiye, t.b.) paydalandy, ýshinshiden, sheteldik investorlargha salyqtyq jenildikter jasady. Ýsh kórsetkish boyynsha subsidiyalaugha “ýidegi kapital” payyzy ketti. Búl Atlant-tynyq múhity aimaghynda qoldanylghan tiyimdi әdis. Ol investorlar tyghyryqqa tirelgen jaghdayda ghana jaqsy. Biraq, olardyng “araldardaghy” esepshotyn kim tekseripti? Álbette, olar ýshin Ýkimetting qarjy bólip, subsidiya jasaghany tiyimdi әri paydaly. Qazaqstan Ýkimeti bolsa, bizding elde 1992-i jyldary júmys istey bastaghan investorlardy 10 jylgha deyin salyqtan bosatty (shet elderde ol 5 jyl). Desek te, jaqynda teledidarda N.Nazarbaevtyng shetel investorlarymen kezdesuinde Qazaqstanda júmys jasau barysynda olardyng esterine 10 jylgha deyin eshbir payyz salyqty tólemegenderin salghany ras. Sol-aq eken “Evraziyskiy banktin” basshysy A.Mashkevich ózi qyzmet isteytin “Qazaqstan aluminiyi” AQ óndiris ornynda eshbir adam júmyssyz qalmay, ekonomikalyq daghdarystan shyghatyndyqtaryna Preziydentke uәde bergen edi. Shyn mәninde, sheteldikter basqaratyn kәsiporyndar auyr ekonomikalyq, qarjylyq jaghdaygha tap bolghanda odan shyghudyng jolyn aldymen solardyng basshylarynyng ózderi izdep, shet eldegi esepshottarynan óz óndiristerine auqymdy qarajat audaryp, salyqtyq jenildikti QR Ýkimetinen sodan keyin súrauy kerek. Qazir olar Ýkimetten taghy da birneshe ret subsidiya aludyng basqa әdisterin oilastyruda. Kezinde Qazaqstannyng 27 qara jәne týsti metallurgiya kәsiporyndarynda  júmys istegen júmysshylar men injenerler asa auyr enbek jaghdayynda enbektengenderine qaramastan, Qazaqstanda óndiriletin siyrek kezdesetin metalldardyng 18 payyzyn Odaqqa berip otyrdy. Olar arzangha alugha ýirengen. Býginderi osy kәsiporyndar ónimderin syrtqa eksporttaydy. Qarapayym júmysshylar ózderi óndirgen ónimning syrtqa qanday baghamen satylyp jatqanynan beyhabar. G.Marchenko dollardyng aiyrbas baghamyn 1h150-ge deyin kóterdi. Múnyng plusi de, minusy da bar. Plusi — syrtqa shygharylatyn tauarlardyng baghasy qymbattady. Odan týsken dollar aghyny Qazaqstan “esepshotyna” kelip týsedi. Ónerkәsiptik tauarlardy súranystyng joqtyghyna baylanysty kenet birde-bir el satyp almasa, sonda ne isteymiz? Búl da uayym. Óitkeni, dollar baghamyn kótergenimizben, tauarlarymyzdy eksportqa jana baghamen ótkize almasaq qalay bolmaq? Búl, әriyne, júmyssyzdyqtyng beleng aluyna taghy negiz bolady. Búdan shyghatyn jol qanday? Bizdinshe, ol jol — kóptegen jyldar boyy iske asyra almay kelgen oilarymyzdy jýzege asyru, yaghny qosalqy enbek oryndaryn ashu, júmysshylardy basqa mamandyqqa ýiretip, kәsiporyndarda qosalqy sehtar men qyzmet týrlerin, burolar men laboratoriyalar úiymdastyru. Eng bastysy — shaghyn jәne orta kәsipkerlikke “danghyl jol” ashyp, olardy 3-5 jylgha deyin salyq tóleuden bosatqan jón. Biz kezinde sheteldikterge 10 jylgha deyin salyqtyq jenildik berdik emes pe, onda ózimizden nege ayanamyz? Ýkimet otandyq ónim óndirushilerding tauaryna bagha óspeydi dep otyr. Jergilikti óndirushiler ún, sýt, júmyrtqa, jemis-jiydek ónimderin shygharsa, qalghan tauarlardyng bәri Orta Aziya men Qytaydan, Resey men alys shet elderden әkelinedi, sol sebepti olardyng baghasy qymbat. Búl — minus. Múnday jaghdayda jalghyz zeynetaqy men shәkirtaqygha qarap otyrghan zeynetkerler men studentter, jәrdemaqygha iyek sýiegen qoghamnyng әleumettik jaghynan az qorghalghan toptary qaytip kýn kórmek? Sondyqtan, halyqtyng jaghdayyn jaqsartu ýshin Qazaqstanda búrynghyday egin men mal sharuashylyghyn damytuymyz kerek.

Kәkima Nysanova   
«Qazaqstan Zaman» gazeti 18 mausym 2009 jyl