Qoghamda әmirshildik-әkimshildik jýie iydeologiyasy óz jemisin bere bastaghan 1929 jyldy IY.Stalin “úly betbúrys” jyly dep atady. Partiyalyq merzimdi basylymdar kommunistik sayasat pen iydeologiyany nasihattaumen qatar, partiya kósemin maqtap-madaqtaudyng erekshe ýlgisin kórsetti. I. Stalinning 50 jasqa toluyna oray jariyalanghan maqa¬lalardyng negizgi mazmúny partiya kóse¬mining marksizm-leninizm teoriya¬syn damytudaghy erekshe rólin, sosia¬lizmdi is jýzinde ornatudaghy sheksiz ýlesin dә¬riptedi. “Pravda” gazetinde L.M. Kaga¬novich, K.E. Voroshilov, A.I. Miy¬koyan jәne basqalardyng kósemdi maqtap-ma¬daqtaghan maqalalary jariya¬landy. 1929 jylghy jeltoqsan aiynda jaryq kórgen qazaqstandyq merzimdi basylymdardyng da osy nauqangha ilese ketkeni aitpasa da týsinikti.
Mereytoy tarqaghannan keyin de búl ýrdis ýdemese tolastaghan joq. “Úly danyshpan” Stalindi qazaq halqy ghana emes, býkil kenes júrty jyrgha qosty. Ortalyq basylymnyng jolynan auytqy¬mayyn degendey, basqa últ tilderinde shyghatyn merzimdi basylymdar “Pravda” gazetining “Stalin jolymen” degen taqyrypta kósemge arnalghan ólender toptamasyn audaryp basty. Kenes Odaghy Kommunistik partiyasy sezderi men konferensiyalaryna qatysushy delegat¬tar Stalindi “Stalin joldasqa – ura!”, “Stalin joldas jasasyn!”, “Úly Sta¬liyn¬ning danqy arta bersin!”, “Dýnie jýzi enbekshilerining úly kósemi – Stalin joldas jasasyn!” degen tәrizdi úrandar¬men qarsy alyp, shygharyp saludy dәs¬týrge ainaldyrdy. Osynday asyra maqtap-madaqtaular men kótermeleuler merzimdi basylymdar arqyly da halyqqa tarap jatty. IY.Stalin ózining 50 jasqa toluyna baylanysty qúttyqtaular jibergen barlyq úiymdargha joldaghan hatynda (“Pravda”, 22 jeltoqsan, 1929 jyl №302): “Júmysshy tabynyng isine, proletarlyq revolusiyanyng jәne dýniye¬jýzilik kommunizmning isine barlyq kýshimdi, barlyq qabiletimdi, al qajet bolsa, bir tamshysyn qaldyrmay barlyq qanymdy beruge búdan bylay da әzirmin, búghan kýmәndanbaularynyzgha bolady”, – dep jazdy.
BK(b)P Ortalyq Komiyteti, BK(b)P Qazaq Ólkelik Komiyteti Baspasóz sayasy bólimderining núsqauymen partiyalyq basylymdarda Stalinning jәne kommu¬nistik partiyanyng basqa da kósemderining sóilegen sózderi, komsomoldyn, pioner¬ding tughan kýnderi men Qazan tónkerisi jeniske jetken kýn jәne taghy basqa da bolisheviktik merekeler manyzy erekshe nasihattaldy. Respublikalyq “Sovetskaya stepi” gazetining 1931 jyl¬dyng 2 tamyzynda jariyalanghan baspasózge sholuynda: “Kósemning núsqaularyn qalyng enbekshi búqara iygiligine ainal¬dyru kerek. Búl núsqaulardy búqaragha jetkizumen shektelmeu kerek, júmysty Stalin núsqauyna beyimdep qayta qúryp, kósemning aitqandarynyng tútastay oryndaluyn qamtamasyz etu kerek. “Janasha júmys istep – janasha basqaru kerek”. ... Árbir gazet Stalin joldastyng sóilegen sózin uaqytyn¬da әri tolyqtay basyp otyruy kerek. Ár gazet Stalinning sóilegen sózine ýn qosushylardyng pikirin úiymdastyryp berip otyruy kerek”, – dep oblystyq jәne audandyq gazetter mindetterin de atap kórsetti. Sayasy sauat ashu mektepterining kóptep ashyluyna qaramastan, partiya mýshe¬lerining kóbining 20-jyldary sayasy sauattylyq dengeyi tómen bolatyn. Alayda, Stalinning diny seminariyada alghan bilimi arqasynda óz iydeyalaryn qysqa, este saqtaugha jenil, qanatty sózdermen, anyq әri tikeley týsinik beretin tújyrymdarmen jetkizui, aitatyn negizgi oi-tújyrymdaryn bólip, sandarmen belgilep qoi әdisi onyng sóilegen sózderi men núsqaularyn qara¬payym halyqtyng qabyldauyna jenildik tughyzdy. Stalinning múnday bayandau tәsili stalindik tújyrymdar men teo¬riyalardy ortasha teoriyalyq dayyndyq¬pen-aq qabyldaugha mýmkindik jasady. Au¬yzsha jәne jazbasha nasihat qúral¬da¬ry Kommunistik partiyanyng jәne onyng kósemining memlekettik sayasy biylikke qúqyqty ekendigin keninen nasihattady.
Ámirshildik-әkimshildik jýie iydeolo¬giyasyn tolyq ornyqtyrudaghy naqty qadamdardyng biri bolghan IY.Stalinning “Proletarskaya revolusiya” jurnalynyng 1931 jylghy №6 sanynda jariyalanghan “O nekotoryh voprosah istoriy boli¬shevizma” degen haty merzimdi basylym¬dar ghana emes, radiogazetter arqyly da keninen nasihattaldy. Radiogazetter jú¬mysyn nyghaytu maqsatynda “Kazahstan¬skaya pravda” po radio” redaktorlyghyna Bushaev, redaktor orynbasar¬lyghyna Os¬taniyn, “Sosialdy Qazaqstan” radio ar¬qyly” redaktorlyghyna Mýsirepov, re¬dak¬tordyng orynbasarlyghyna Hangeldin bekitildi.
IY.Stalinning bastamasymen BK(b)P Ortalyq Komiytetining 1935 jylghy aqpan plenumyna KSRO-nyng 1924 jylghy Konstitusiyasyn ózgertu mәselesi qoy¬yldy. 7-saylanghan KSRO Ortalyq At¬qaru Komiytetining birinshi sessiyasy 1935 jylghy 7 aqpanda Konstitusiyanyng jana mәtinin jasap, KSRO Ortalyq Atqaru Komiytetining bekituine tapsyru ýshin IY.V.Stalindi tóragha etip Konstitusiya ko¬miys¬siyasyn qúrdy. 1936 jylghy 11 mau¬symda KSRO Ortalyq Atqaru Komiyte¬tining Prezidiumy jana Konstitusiya jobasy turaly Stalinning bayandamasyn tyndady. IY.Stalin “SSR Odaghy Kons¬tiy¬tusiyasynyng jobasy turaly” bayanda¬masynda: “Búl dәuirding ishinde qoghamy¬myzdyng qúrylysynda da tereng ózgerister boldy. Ónerkәsip salasynda kapiy¬¬taliys¬ter taby joghaldy. Auyl sharuashylyghy salasynda kulaktar taby joghaldy. Tovar oboroty salasynda kupester men sp¬ek¬ulyanttar joghaldy. ... bizding elimizde júmysshy taby, sharualar taby, intel¬liy¬¬gensiya qaldy. Sovet ókimeti ornaghan¬nan bergi jyldar ishinde búl әleumettik toptardyng ózderi de orasan ózgerdi”, — dedi. Konstitusiya komissiyasy tapsyrghan joba maqúldanyp, KSRO Konstiy¬tusiya¬synyng jobasyn qarau ýshin Kenesterding Býkilodaqtyq sezi shaqyrylsyn degen qauly alyndy. 1936 jylghy 12 mausymda KSRO Kon¬stitusiyasynyng jobasy baspasóz betinde tal¬qylaugha úsynyldy. Konstitusiyany “talqylau” degen aty bolmasa, “Jengen sosializmning staliyn¬dik konstitusiyasy” (“Pravda”, 12 iini 1936 j.), “Kadrgha erekshe kónil bólip, tәrbiyelep otyru kerek” (“Sosialdy Qa¬zaqstan”, 30 nauryz 1936 j.), “Stalindik Konstitusiya jәne bolisheviktik bas¬pa¬sózding mindetteri” (“Sosialdy Qazaq¬stan”. 15 jeltoqsan, 1936 j.) jәne bas¬qa da maqalalarda “Memleket júmy¬syndaghy, kadr mәselesindegi stalindik stiyl” ýshin kýres, ýgit-nasihat jalghasyn tapty. Stalinning “Bizding partiyamyz qamal – onyng esikteri tek layyqty ki¬siler ýshin ghana ashyq bolady” degen sózi sayasy úran әri iske basshylyq bolyp sanaldy. Stalindik Konstitusiya jo¬basyna syn pikir bolghan joq. 1936 jyldyng 5 jeltoqsanynda Kenesterding Býkilodaqtyq VIII tótenshe sezi IY.Stalinning bayanda¬ma¬synan keyin ony bir¬au¬yz¬dan bekitti. KSRO Konstiy¬tu¬siyasy negizinde Qazaq avtonomiyaly respublikasy odaqtas respublika bolyp qayta qúryldy. Osyghan oray Qazaq KSR-ining jana Kons¬titusiyasyn jasau qajettigi tuyndady. 1937 jylghy 9 aq¬panda Qazaq KSR-i Kons¬tiy¬tusiyasynyng jobasy talqy¬lau ýshin baspasózde jariya¬landy. 1937 jyldyng 21-26 nauryzynda Almaty qala¬syn¬da ótken Kenesterding Bý¬kilqazaqstandyq tótenshe H sezi Qazaq Kenestik So¬sia¬listik Res¬¬pub¬likasynyng Konstiy¬tu¬siyasyn bekitti. Kenesterding Býkilqazaq¬stan¬dyq tótenshe H sezining de¬le¬gattary IY.Stalinge alghys hat joldady. Hattyng mәtini baspasózde jariyalandy. Hatta: “Bizder, halyqtyng qalap saylaghan adam¬dary... býgin Qazaq Kenestik Sosialistik Respublikasynyng Kon¬stitusiyasyn bekittik. ...Qymbatty ústaz, kó¬segesi kógergen qazaq halqynyng shyn jýrek¬ten berilgendik jәne sýiis¬penshilik sezimin qabyl al, qazaq halqy kommunizm ornatu isine barlyq kýshin, bar¬lyq jigerin júmsaydy, jaular sha¬buyl jasaghan kýnde biz úly, tamasha sosialistik Otandy keude tósep qorghaugha әzirmiz degen sertimizdi qabyl al” dep jazyldy. Stalindik Kons¬titu¬siya¬nyng jetistigin ha¬lyqqa týsindiru nauqany merzimdi basylymdarda jalghasa berdi. Barlyq oblystyq partiya ko¬miytette¬rin¬degi jauapty adamdar, gazet redak¬torlary basylymdardy mezgilimen shygharyp, BK(b)P Ortalyq Komiyteti núsqaularyn tynghylyqty oryndaudy qamtamasyz etti. Qoghamdyq ghylymdar salasyn partiyalyq sayasatqa baghyndyrudyng teoriyalyq negizin salghan “BK(b)P tarihy qysqasha kursynyn” shyghuy elde erekshe ýgit-nasihattyq sayasy nauqangha úlasty.
1939 jyldyng 4-9 qantarynda ótken Qazaqstan K(b)P Ortalyq Komiytetining Plenumy BK(b)P Ortalyq Komiytetining ““BK(b)P tarihy qysqasha kursynyn” shyghuymen baylanysty partiyalyq nasiy¬¬hatty jolgha qoiy turaly” qaulysyn jýzege asyru jayynda mәsele qarady. Plenum Ortalyq Komiytetting partiyalyq nasihat bólimin, oblystyq partiya ko¬miytetterin, oblystyq jәne respublika¬lyq gazetterding redaktorlaryn barlyq partiya jәne komsomol gazetterinde na¬sihat bólimderin úiymdastyrugha, olar¬dyng aldyna mindetti týrde teoriyalyq mәseleler jónindegi maqalalardy, nasihatshylardyng kenesterin, dәristerin jәne oqushylardyng súraqtaryna jauabyn ýnemi jariyalap otyrugha mindettedi.
IY.Stalinning atalghan enbegi erekshe kóp taraghan kitap boldy. “Tura aitu kerek, mark¬sizmning ómir boyynda sonsha kóp taraghan mark¬sistik kitaptyng birinshisi osy”, dep jazdy Jdanov. Naqtyraq aitar bolsaq, on jyl ishinde (1938-1948 jyldary) “BK(b)P tarihy qysqasha kursy” 34 million 219 myng dana bolyp tarady. Oryssha 71 ret basylyp 27,5 million dana, Kenester Odaghynyng taghy basqa tilderinde 5,5 million dana bolyp shyqty. Búl kitap Qazaqstanda 700 myng dana bolyp tarady. Sonyng ishinde qazaq tilinde 3 ret basylyp, 250 myng dana bolyp shyqty.
Partiyanyng kópshilik arasyndaghy nasihat júmystarynyng eng manyzdy bir tarauy – V. Lenin men I. Stalinning ómirbayandaryn nasihattau bolatyn. Kó¬semder ómirbayandaryn jetkilikti dәre¬jede nasihattamaghany ýshin Taldyqorghan oblysynyng “Semiyrechenskaya pravda” jәne “Stalinshil” gazetteri Qazaqstan K(b)P Ortalyq Komiytetining organy – “Kommunist” jurnalynyng qatang synyna da alyndy.
Marks-Engelis-Lenin institutynyng qazaq bólimshesi – QK(b)P Ortalyq Komiyteti janyn¬daghy Partiya tarihy instituty IY.V.Stalinning qysqasha ómirbayanyn qazaq tiline audardy. Au¬dar¬many QK(b)P Ortalyq Komiytetining redaksiyalyq komissiyasy tekserip, QK(b)P Ortalyq Komiyteti maqúldady. 1947 jyly Qazaqtyng Birikken Memleket baspasynan “Iosif Vissarionovich Staliyn. Qysqasha ómirbayany” degen kitap 50 myng danamen basylyp shyqty. Atalghan kitapqa “Kommunist” jurna¬lynda Qasym Shәripov: “IY.V. Stalin qysqasha ómirbayany” – bizding úly kósemimizding ómir mektebi. Lenindey, Stalindey qayratker bolu ýshin sovet adamdary osy mektepten sabaq alulary kerek. IY.V.Sta¬liyn¬ning ómirbayanyn qúnttap ýirenu kadrlarymyzdy iydeya jaghynan qarulandyryp, kommunizmning tolyq jenui jolyndaghy kýreske júmyl¬dyrady”, dep pikir jazdy.
Kommunistik partiya kósemining 50, 60, 70 jasqa tolghan mereytoylarynyng bәrin merzimdi basylymdar erekshe nasihattady. Kenester Odaghynda tota¬¬¬litarlyq jýie tolyq ornyqqan 1920 jyldardyng sony men 1950 jyldardyng ortasynda kenestik iydeologiya “kýnәsiz, kemshiliksiz, kirshiksiz taza kósem” men “halyq jauynyn” obrazdaryn qalyp¬tas¬tyrdy. Mústafa Shoqay kenestik kósemge tabynu turasynda bylay dedi: “... “Izvestiya” men “Pravda” gazetterine basylghan materialdardy oqysanyz – osynyng bәri tek Stalinning jeke basyn dәriptep, ony tәnirge ainaldyru ýshin istelgen be degen oigha kelesiz.
Aldymen suretter kózge úrady. Stalin Qazaqstan ókilderi arasynda, Sta¬¬lin Tәjikstan ókilderi arasynda, Stalin qaraqalpaqtarmen birge, Stalin ózbekter ishinde, Stalin týrkimendermen birge, Staliyn, mine, qazaq júmysshy¬lary¬men jýzdesip túr, Staliyn, mine, kishkentay tәjik qyzyn kóterip qúshaqtap túr, oghan altyn saghat syigha tartty. Ózbekter Stalinge syy shapan kiygizip jatyr. Bir qazaq barys terisin syilady...
Staliyn... Staliyn... Staliyn... Ol barlyq to¬ray¬lar men búzaulardyng “qúr¬metti atasy”, maqta ma¬many... Mәskeuding “jana sara joly degeniniz – Stalinge tabynu, basshylargha taby¬nudan túrady”.
Merzimdi basylymdar kenes halqy stalindik zamandy maqtanysh etetinin jarysa jazyp jatty, búl nauqan 1949 jyldyng jeltoqsan aiynda I. Stalinning 70 jasqa toluy qarsanynda tipti erekshe qarqyn aldy. “Sosialistik Qazaqstan” gazeti Jambyl aqynnyng “Jýrekke qúiylghan núr Stalinnen, jyr bolyp tógiledi qyzyl tilden” degen óleng joldaryn gazetting úrany etip alyp, L. Hamidy men H.Erghaliyevting “Stalin turaly jyr”, T.Jarokovtyng “Otanym Stalinning ayasynda”, O.Shipinning “Mening shashuym” jәne basqa ólender toptamasy men V. Molotovtyng “Stalin jәne stalindik basshylyq”, A.Kovalev¬skiyding “Stalin joldas – sovet hal¬qynyng Úly Otan soghysyndaghy jeniste¬rining dem berushisi jәne úiymdasty¬rushysy”, M. Áuezovting “Adam úlynyng ardaqtysy”, T.Múqanovtyng “Halyqtar¬dyng baqyty, oiy, jýregi” degen qút¬tyqtau maqala¬la¬ryn basty. Qazaqstandyq aqyndar kósemge arnaghan shygharmalaryn ýlken jauapkershilikpen jazuy min¬detteldi. “Teginde, avtor Otan aty, Stalin joldastyng esimi atalsa bolghany, onday óleng toqtausyz qabyldana beredi dep oilaytyn bolsa... ol qate pikir. Tipti, úly kósemning qasiyetti esimin jaman ólenning ishine tyqpalay beru – sayasy aiyp” bolyp tabylatyny eskertildi. Qazaq¬standyq merzimdi basylymdar “kósemge” arnalghan
Kók alyby, jer shúghylasy Kýn men Ay,
Jer alyby, tau tәnirisi Gimalay
Adamzattyng eng alyby ghalymy –
Úly Stalin – úly Lenin danaday!
*  *  *
Leninshe tudy ústaghan,
Leninshe eldi bastaghan,
Býgingi Lenin – Staliyn
*  *  *
Stalin – tu bar elde,
Stalin – kýn әlemge, – sekildi óleng shumaqtaryn mereytoy tarqaghan song da jýieli týrde jariyalap túrdy. “Kommunist” jurnalynyng 1950 jylghy №11 sanyndaghy S.Bәiishev “IY.V.Sta¬lin – Qazaqstandaghy sosializm jenisterining dem berushisi jәne úiymdas¬tyrushysy” degen maqalasynda: “Qazaqstannyng әrbir enbekshisi respublikamyzda bolghan sosialistik ózgeristerding ýlkendi-kishili mә¬selelerining bәri de Stalin joldastyng qatysuymen sheshilip kelgenin biluge tiyisti. Qazaqstandaghy partiya jәne memleket qúrylysynyng mәsele¬lerinen bastap, ónerkәsip oryndaryn, sharua¬shylyq qúrylystaryn salu, ghylymy jәne mәdeni-aghartu mekemelerin ashu mәselelerine deyin biz Stalin joldastyng qanday bolsa da bir prinsipti núsqauyn, kenesin, úsynysyn kezdestirmey qoymaymyz.
...Qazaqstandaghy partiya jәne mem¬leket qúrylysynyng barlyq manyzdy mәseleleri Stalin joldastyng tikeley qatynasuymen sheshildi”, dep jazdy.
Stalinning auzymen aitylghan әr sóz, ol jazghan әr sóilem memlekettik iydeologiyagha ainaldyryldy. Ol – jalpy kommunistik iydeologiyanyng ózegi bolyp tabyldy. Kommuniys¬tik sayasat pen iydeologiyagha baghyndy¬ryl¬ghan merzimdi basylymdar partiyanyng býgini men erteni turaly mifter men miy¬fologiyany nasihat júmystary arqyly adamdar sanasyna sinire berdi. Mem¬lekettik biylikting kommunistik partiya men onyng basynda túrghan jeke adamnyng qolyna shoghyrlanuy qogham¬dyq-sayasy ómirde demo¬kra¬tiyanyng shekteluine әkeldi. Shynayy demokra¬tiyadan alshaq túrghan totalitarly әmirshil-әkimshil jýie halyqty sayasy biylikten shettetip, memleket pen qoghamdyq ómirding barlyq salalaryna tolyq ýstemdigin ornatty.

Danagýl MAHAT, tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory, Memleket tarihy institutynyng derektanu, tarihnama jәne memleketting qazirgi zaman tarihy bólimining bastyghy.
«Egemen Qazaqstan» gazeti 24 mausym 2009 jyl