Elimizding tәuelsizdik alghan jyldardan beri saylau jәne sayasy partiyalar jýiesi ózining damu jolynda birneshe belesterden ótti. Bizding jas memleketimizge layyqty joldy izdeuimiz az bolghan joq. Onyng ishinde sәtti bolghandary da, kemshilikke úrynghan tústarymyz da boldy. Biraq múnyng barlyghy qatelik tústardan sabaq alyp, ósu joldarymyz bolghanyn, saylau zannamasyna qatysty ózgerister engizu elimizding tarihi-ekonomikalyq jaghdayyn, qoghamdyq-sayasy belsendiligin eskere otyryp ret-retimen jýzege asyrylyp jatqanyn aituymyz kerek.

Sonyng bir aighaghy memleket basshysy Qasym-Jomart Kemelúly Toqaevtyng tapsyrmasy boyynsha әzirlengen sayasy reformalar toptamasyna kiretin, býgin talqygha týsip jatqan «Sayasy partiyalar turaly» jәne Konstitusiyalyq mazmúny bar «Saylau turaly» zandar.

Qogham tarapynan Zandargha qatysty týrli syny pikirlermen qatar úsynystar da aityldy. Búl zandy da! Óitkeni әlemde minsiz jetildirilgen saylau jýiesi әli de bolsa joq. Ghasyrlardan túratyn demokratiyalyq dәstýri bar AQSh, Evropa memleketterining ózderinde jana saylau nauqanyn úiymdastyru men ótkizu barysynda kemshilikter tabylyp jatady. Úzaq jyldar boyy totalitarlyq jýiede bolyp, tek bir ghana monopolistik partiyanyng dogmalyq qaghidatynyng shyrmauynda bolghan biz siyaqty memlekette bir mezette kóp partiyalyq jýiege kóshu mýmkin emes edi. 

Tәuelsizdigimizding alghashqy jyldarynda qoghamnyng sayasy jýiesin reformalaugha baylanysty kóptegen zandar qabyldandy. Mysaly,1996 jyly «Sayasy partiyalar turaly» derbes zang boyynsha sayasy partiya qúru ýshin elimizding kez kelgen jerinde túratyn 10 adamnyn bastamasy jәne partiyany tirkeu ýshin 3000 mýshesi bolsa jetkilikti boldy. Nәtiyjesinde 2002 jyly Qazaqstanda 19 sayasy partiya tirkeldi. Kópshiligining aty barda zaty joq edi. Partiyalardyng sanynyng osynday kóptigine qaramastan,  ol kezderi kóppartiyalyq sayasy jýieni qalyptastyra aldyq dep aita almaymyz.

2007 jyly 21 mamyrda qabyldanghan «Saylau turaly» Konstitusiyalyq zangha engizilgen ózgeristerge baylanysty elimizding Parlamenti sayasy partiyalardyng tizimi boyynsha proporsionaldyq negizde jasaqtaldy. Búl Qazaqstan Parlamentarizmi men kóppartiyalyq institutynyng damuyna ýlken әser etti. 

Býgingi talqygha týsip otyrghan zandar da qoghamdyq-sayasy jýieni demokratiyalandyrugha óz yqpalyn tiygizip, halyqtyng әrtýrli әleumettik toptarynyng biylik organdaryna ókildik etuin qamtamasyz etuge mýmkindik beredi dep oilaymyn. Sondyqtan da Zang jobasyn qoldaymyn. Sonymen qatar, qoghamnyng damuyna baylanysty onyng sayasy jýiesi de ýnemi ózgeristerdi qajet etip otyratyndyqtan zang әzirleushi Ministrlikke, Ýkimetke keleshekte eskeretin tómendegidey úsynystar aitqandy jón kórdim. 

Birinshi, qazir qogham ózgerip, búrynghydan góri ashyq bola týsti. Keshegi 90-shy jyldardyng basynda qoghamdyq baylanystar qúrugha qatyspaghan jastardyng jana tolqyny qazir sayasy prosesterge belsene aralasuda. Bizding qabyldaytyn zanymyz da osynday ortagha beyimdelip jasaluy kerek. Atap aitqanda, kenestik dәuirdi kórgen biz ýshin tansyq emes, biylik partiyasy fenomeni qayta keldi. Jana biyleushi partiyanyng búrynghy biyleushi partiyagha tәn bolghan ýirenshikti sýrleulerge týsip ketpeuin, biylikke kelu jolyndaghy kýres ayasy men biylik basyndaghy qyzmet ayasyndaghy әreket stiylining aiyrmashylyqtaryn, Ýkimetpen, Parlamentpen, jergilikti basqaru organdarymen jәne qoghamdaghy demokratiya men aluan týrli pikirlerding birden-bir kepili bolugha tiyisti ekendigin qúqyqtyq negizde jýieleytin Zang jasaudy qolgha alu qajet dep sanaymyn. Óitkeni sayasy monopoliya biylik ýshin san jaghynan útysty bolghanymen, sapa, moralidyq jaghynan útylys. Sayasy bәsekelestik joq jerde toqyrau, daghdarys oryn alady. Sayasy bәsekelestik elding damuy, bolashaghy turaly balama baghdarlamalar tudyrady. Jasyryn, astyrtyn tәsilderding ýlesi azayady. Belsendi, bilikti jana túlghaly azamattardy anyqtaydy.

Ekinshi, 2018 jyly 29 mausymda qabyldanghan «Saylau turaly» Zangha baylanysty búdan bylay elimizde barlyq audandyq, qalalyq jәne oblystyq mәslihattardyng deputattary da tek partiyalyq tizimder, yaghny proporsionaldyq negizde saylanatyn bolady. Búl ýderis syrttay qaraghanda jaqsy bolyp kóringenmen, bizding osy kezge deyin bayqap jýrgen kemshilik tústary da bar. Mәselen, jeniske jetken partiyalardyng tizimi boyynsha halyq arasynda tanymaldyghy tómen, sayasy belsendiligi, biliktiligi men tәjiriybesi әlsiz adamdar tizimge enip ketu mýmkindikteri joghary ekendigi jasyryn emes. Ásirese  týrli dengeydegi mәslihat deputattary saylauda әkimderge tәueldi bolyp qalu yqtimaldyghy bolu qaupi bar ekendigi bayqalady. Jәne de jergilikti mәslihattardyng deputtatyq korpusyna qazir biznes salasynyng jәne jeke menshik nysandardyng basshylary kóbirek engizilip keledi.  Alayda osynyng ózi halyqtyng arasynda týrli pikir tughyzyp jýr. Olar óz deputattyqtaryn paydalanyp, óz biznesterining jaghdaylaryn sheshumen ainalysady degen júrt pikirining de jany barlyghyn eskereyik. Osyghan jol bermeuding tetikteri jasaluy kerek. Sonymen birge Parlamentting negizgi júmysy  zang shygharushylyq bolghanymen de, ol ótkir oi-pikirlerimen, elge oy salatyn, halyqtyng mún-múqtajyn Ýkimetke jetkizip qana qoymay, ony sheshuding jolyn úsynatyn, óz ónirinde, qoghamda ýlken yqpaly bar, óz salalarynyng tәjiriybeli de bilikti jәne ózining oiyn ashyq jetkizuge qabiletti memleketshil túlghalardan qúralsa núr ýstine núr bolghan bolar edi. Búghan baylanysty Preziydentimiz Qasym-Jomart Toqaevta óz joldauynda «Qoghamdy tolghandyryp otyrghan negizgi mәseleler kóshede emes, Parlamentte talqylanyp, sheshimin tabuy tiyis» degen de bolatyn.  

Ýshinshi, qanday dengeydegi saylaular bolsyn, ol qoghamda dau-damay, qayshylyq tughyzu ýshin emes, kerisinshe sol qayshylyqtardyng aldyn alyp, halyqtyng yntymaghy men birligin nyghaytugha, últty úiystyrugha, sol arqyly halyqtyng әleuetin, túrmysyn jaqsartu ýshin ótkizilui kerek. Saylau prosesi adal jәne ashyq ótkizilse, halyqtyng azamattyq bolmysyn nyghaytugha jәne qoghamnyng memlekettik biylik jýiesine senimin kýsheytuge әser etedi. Sondyqtanda eldegi saylau prosesin adal jәne ashyq ótkizu eng manyzdy mәselening biri ekeni sózsiz. Osy arqyly bizding memlekettiligimiz ben tәuelsizdigimizding myzghymauyna airyqsha mýddelilik tanytatyn, elimizdegi sayasy ornyqtylyqqa airyqsha úiytqy bola alatyn әleumettik kýshti toptastyra alamyz.  

Múrat Baqtiyarúly,

Senator.

Abai.kz