DALALYQ ÓNERDIN  BOLMYSY

nemese

QAZAQY  ÓNERDI  ÓGEYSITU JÓNINDE

Óner bólek, iskusstvo basqa

DALALYQ ÓNERDIN  BOLMYSY

nemese

QAZAQY  ÓNERDI  ÓGEYSITU JÓNINDE

Óner bólek, iskusstvo basqa

Qazaq halqynyng sóz ben saz óneri negizinen improvizasiyagha negizdelgen. Búl jaghynan alghanda múny dalalyq ónerding basty ústanymy dey otyryp, batystyng (dәliregi - otyryq elderdin) iskusstvosynan góri ereksheleytin qasiyetin ataghan jón. Otyryq órkeniyetting iskusstvosy adamnyng ainalasyna qarym-qatynasynan tuyndasa, dalalyq óner adamgha KÓKting nemese gharyshtyq qúdyretting yqpalynan bolmasa kóshegenning KÓK-ke qatynasynan ónedi. Sol sebepti de qazaq halqy ónerdi kie tútyp, Jaratqannyng syiy dep qabyldap, óner iyesin sol qúdyretting kәdesine jaraushy retinde qadyrleydi. Sondyqtan da kóshegenning óneri men tamashalaushynyng arasynda sahna joq, kuluar sekildi quys-qoltyqsyz, deldalsyz, ónerding tuu sәtinen bastap, onyng oryndaluyna deyingi barlyq prosess tútynushysynyng kóz aldynda ashyq ótip jatady. Búl jaghynan alghanda, qazaq ónerine jetetin demokratiyalyq sipaty bar óner az, biraq búl - iskusstvo emes. Óitkeni, iskusstvo adamgha ghana tәn bolsa, al improvizasiya Kókting tórinen «tartylatyn» (suyrylatyn) jәne «ónetin» qúdyretting bir bólshegi bolyp tabylady. Sol sebepti de, dalalyqtar saz ónerine qatysty «tartu» úghymyn paydalanady: dombyra tartu, qobyz tartu, syrnay,sybyzghy,kýy tartu. Múnyng týbinde saz sarynyn Kókting tórinen suyrtpaqtap tartu ýderisin maghynalau jatyr. Búl jaghynan qaraghanda kóshegenderding óner turasyndaghy týsinigi otyryqshylardan әldeqayda bólek. Sebebi, otyryqshy halyq saz aspabymen «oynaydy»: «igrati na gitare», «igrati na balalayke», «igrati na dombre» t.b. úghymdary osyny kórsetedi. Olar ýshin óner óner emes - iskusstvo, adam qolynan jasalatyn óneriyettik(tvorchestvolyq) tuyndy. Al, óner - búl dalalyq ómirde ghana barynsha saqtalatyn jәne Kók pen ónerpazdyng birlesu ýderisining nәtiyjesi. Alayda qazyrghy otyryqtanghan qazaqtardyng múnday ónerge ie boluy asa siyrek. Sondyqtan da suyryp salyp kýy shygharghan qazaqqa qazyr jolyghuymyz ekitalay. Búl - qazyrghy qazaqtyng otyryqtanu ýderisine úshyraghanynyng belgisi. Otyryq órkeniyetting iskusstvoshyldyghy sonda - adamnyng kenistikte bir ghana qonyspen shektelip, ainalanyng (qorshaghan ortanyn) gharyshpen qatynasyna mýmkindik jasaytynday ekologiyalyq kedergige tap boluynda, qúdyretti ónerdi qabyldaugha qajetti boydaghy qabylet kózderining birte -birte biteletindiginde.

Jalpy, o bastaghy dalalyq ónerding tuyndysy qazyr iskusstvo retinde moyyndalyp jýrgenimen, onyng arnalu maqsaty adamnyng kónilkýiin bildirui emes, Adam men JARATUShYNYNG arasyndaghy qarym-qatynastan tuyndaytyn boluy kerek. Biraq múnday qatynas adamzat moyyndaghan kiyeli jerlerde iske asuy yqtimal. Bizding payym boyynsha, sonday kiyeli jerlerding biri ejelgi týrkilerding kie tútqan Qaylas tauy, kәzirgi Úlytau t.t. boluy ghajap emes. Áriyne, onday qúdyretti mekenderdi ekologiyalyq jaghynan әlgindey qatynasqa qolayly bolatyndyghymen kiyeli dep esepteu kerek bolar. Bertin, dalalyqtardyng boyyndaghy búl qatynas damy kele, ónerding (kýidin, jyrdyn, aitystyn, әnnin) tuyndau ýderisine ainalghan bolsa kerek te, sonymen birge kóshegenderding boyyna singen ekologiyamen aradaghy tyghyz qarym-qatynas olardyng tirligining mәnine ainalghan. Mine, sondyqtan da kóshegenderding óneri sekildi ishken asy da sonshalyqty qarapayym, әsire óndeuden ótpeydi, barynsha tabighi. Simfoniya men kýidi, qymyz ben sharapty salystyra otyryp, osynday oigha amalsyz keluge bolady. Simfoniya óndeusiz qalmaydy jәne onyng bir notalyq noqatyn ózgertu mýmkin emes. Al, kýy qalay shyqsa, solay tartyla beredi, biraq әr kýishining ózinshe oryndau mýmkindigi men kónilkýii aralasady, ózining qosary men ózgerteri bar.  Bylaysha aitqanda «jabayy»(naturalyq) - tabighy tylsym. Eger «jabayy» sózining úghymyna adamnyng qolyna qatysy shamaly ainalany jatqyzatyn bolsaq, otyryq halyqtardyng kóshegenderdi o basta osylay atauynyng mәni - olardy mәdeniyetsizdikke jatqyzghandyghynda emes, tirligining tabighatpen sinisip ketkendiginen atasa kerek. Yaghny dalalyqtar jasandylyqqa emes, bar bolmysyn tabighilyqqa (naturagha) arnaghan. Alayda, otyryq  sayasattyng nәtiyjesinde atalmysh kóshpeli bolmys bara-bara kelemej ben kýstәnәgha ainalghan. Alayda, otyryqshylar qay nәrseni de óndeuge qabyletti, al kóshegenderge basqy tuyndatushylyqpen shektelu tәn. Búl jaghynan kóshpeli júrt konservativtik ústanymda.

Ónerge say jaghday qajet

Sonymen kóshegen qazaqtyng óneri iskusstvogha jatpaydy, Jaratqannyng kónil-kýii ispetti shynayy ýderis tuyndysy, sonysymen tabighy ken sekildi «olpy-solpy», sonysymen tabighy da pәk óner. Sondyqtan da qazaq ónerin tudyru ýshin kuluar da, sahna da kerek bolmaghan, kerek bolghan bir nәrse ol - ónerpaz ben tamashalaushy ortany birtútas etetin birynghay auditoriya retinde, ghalamdyq modelding ayan qabyldaushy ýlgisi - ordaýy (kiyizýi, aghashýy dep múny da qorlap jýrmiz) bolsa jetkilikti bolghan. Óitkeni, eki dýnie arasynda qydyrushylargha ainalasy júp-júmyr óner tudyru mindetti bolmaghan, soghan sәikes onyn  teatr dep atalatyn sheberhanasy da qajet emes. Sebebi, dalalyqtar ýshin tabighatty jatsynu úghymy joq, olar ýshin teatr ýderisi kenistik pen uaqyt ayasynda ónetin tuyndy bolyp tabylady! Sondyqtan da kóshegen týrkilerde óner kiyeli,qasiyetti, Jaratushynyng qatysy mol tabynu nysany!

Qazaq ónerining ghalamdyq tuyndylyq qasiyeti ony gharyshtyq jaghymdy quat әkeluimen ereksheleydi. Osylaysha gharysh modeli - kiyizýidegi óner Kókten «óngen» kýiinde sol boyda improvizasiyalyq prosespen adam boyyna deldalsyz sinirilgen. Múnday saf óner - kiyeli. Jaghymdy da jasampaz tiri quatty qazaq kiye dep ataydy. Kie neghúrlym Dalagha erkin tarasa, soghúrlym onyng jasampazdyq yqpaly zor bolghan, Dala qúthanagha, al ordaýy hramgha ainalghan.

Qazyrghy kezde Kenes zamanynan bastau alghan qazaq ónerin ebropalau dәstýri ony «teatrlandyrudy» bastan keshirude. Sondyqtan da aityskerlerimiz әrtiske kóbirek úqsas, jyrshylarymyz bolsa sahnagha «syimauda». Sahna birtútas bolyp tabylatyn qazaq ónerining oryndaushysy men tútynushysy arasyn ajyratyp jiberdi. Búl ónerpazdardyng boyyna jaghymsyz qylyq darytuda. Qazyrghy aitys óner kózi emes, tabys kózine ainaldy, biraq aitys ózining mazmúny jaghynan búrynghy dengeyine jete qoyghan joq. Jyr men terme tek qana foliklorlyq manyzy bar dýnie retinde tamsandyruda. Qazaq óneri ýshin búl jetkiliksiz. Atalmysh óner týrleri foliklorlyq shenberden shyghyp, zamannyng klassikalyq (qadyrly) óner núsqalaryna ainaluy qajet. Al, ol ýshin sol ónerding tabighatyna say jaghday jasalghany jón. Qysqasy, qazaqtyng tól ónerlerin sahnagha qamaudy dogharyp, tútynushymen kiriktirip, ejelgi óner ýderisin jasaqtau qajet. Búl jaghday atalmysh ónerdi foliklorlyq auqymnan klassikalyq auqymgha keneytu men ónerding tól sipatyna say jaghday jasaudy talap etedi.

Elordamyzda ebropanyng әrbir saz aspabyna, ónerine (opera teatrlary, organ sarayy) saray sala bastadyq. Al, qazaq ónerining ózine tәn әlemin jasaqtau kýn tәrtibinde túr. Sebebi, qazaqtyng saghattap kósiletin aitysyna, jyryna, termesine sәikes arnayy ónerjay qajet, qazyrghy ebropalyq ghimarat túrqy qazaqy ónerding kiyesin ketirip, ruhyn týsirip, keudesin qysuda. Qysqasy, kiyeli Dalagha Kók quatyn tartatyn jәne últqa shabyt shaqyratyn qazaqtyng sózi men sazyna arnayy saray saludyng uaqyty keldi. Onyng ýstine ebropalyq ónerge bet búru, saray salu qazaqstandyq ýrdiske ainaldy, al tól ónerding jaghdayy syn kótermeydi.

Ebropa óneri qazaqtyng qoldauyna zәru emes, al qazaq óz óneri men mәdeniyetin ebroónerge qosaqtaumen damyta almaydy. Búl pikirimiz - bayaghy ebropalyq ónerge degen jiyrenish emes, ebrokindikshil mәdeniyetke abay bolu jaghyn eskertu ghana, sol Ebropagha ónerimizdi ebroónerding qosalqysy retinde emes, tólbitimin sol kýiinde, tәuelsiz, qasqaytyp kórsetu túrghysyn ústanu, ruhani, mәdeny kembaghaldyqtan solaysha ghana aryludy úsynu.

Serik Ábdireshúly, mәdeniyettanushy

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