Uaqyt, zaman el basqaru kezinde biylikte jiberilgen qatelikterdi ómir sahnasyna shygharyp, shynayy baghasyn berudi býginde bizding aldymyzgha sansyz saual, asa jauapty mindet etip qoyyp otyr. Órkeniyetke bet alghan qoghamda on-solyn tanyp, etek-jenin jiyp, tәuelsizdikke qol jetkizgen halqymyz sol mindetterding dúrys-búrysyn, jaqsy-jamanyn tarazylaugha bet búrdy. Osy kýrmeui mol qiyn mәselelerge on-teris bagha beruimizge qaray bizding bolashaghymyz da anyqtalmaq. Oghan kóz jetkizetin uaqyt jetti bilem.

Tәuelsizdik bizge onay keldi degen pikirlerdi nazargha alghan kýnning ózinde de, biz tarih qoynauyna ýnilip, búl jeniste osy bostandyq jolynda tógilgen qannyng ashynghan jannyng ótelmegen qarymtasy bar dep biluimiz qajet. Qazaq últynyng derbes el boluyn ansaghan Abylay, Qasym, Ghúbaydolla, Sarjan, Kenesary, Nauryzbay, Syzdyq esimderin júrtshylyq búl kýnde azattyq jolynda kýresken tәuelsizdiktin simvoly retinde qabyldaydy.

Uaqyt, zaman el basqaru kezinde biylikte jiberilgen qatelikterdi ómir sahnasyna shygharyp, shynayy baghasyn berudi býginde bizding aldymyzgha sansyz saual, asa jauapty mindet etip qoyyp otyr. Órkeniyetke bet alghan qoghamda on-solyn tanyp, etek-jenin jiyp, tәuelsizdikke qol jetkizgen halqymyz sol mindetterding dúrys-búrysyn, jaqsy-jamanyn tarazylaugha bet búrdy. Osy kýrmeui mol qiyn mәselelerge on-teris bagha beruimizge qaray bizding bolashaghymyz da anyqtalmaq. Oghan kóz jetkizetin uaqyt jetti bilem.

Tәuelsizdik bizge onay keldi degen pikirlerdi nazargha alghan kýnning ózinde de, biz tarih qoynauyna ýnilip, búl jeniste osy bostandyq jolynda tógilgen qannyng ashynghan jannyng ótelmegen qarymtasy bar dep biluimiz qajet. Qazaq últynyng derbes el boluyn ansaghan Abylay, Qasym, Ghúbaydolla, Sarjan, Kenesary, Nauryzbay, Syzdyq esimderin júrtshylyq búl kýnde azattyq jolynda kýresken tәuelsizdiktin simvoly retinde qabyldaydy.
Osy ótken tarihy oqighalardyng manyzdylyghy turaly ózining «Jadymyzda jattalsyn, tatulyq dәiim saqtalsyn» degen enbeginde Elbasy: «Yaghny ótkenimizdi tútas kýiinde, eshqanday boyamasyz, qospasyz, qaz-qalpynda qabyldaghanymyz lәzim. Al ótken jyldar shejiresin ýnemi әri búrmalausyz zerdelep otyrudyng jóni bólek. Múnyng ózi ótkendegi tәjiriybening jaqsysynan ýirenu ýshin, eski qatelikterdi qaulata bermes ýshin, jamannan jiyrenu ýshin qajet»1 - dep bergen baghasy býgingi kýni jas úrpaqqa auaday qajet. (Nazarbaev N. Jadymyzda jattalsyn, tatulyq dәiim saqtalsyn.//Aqiqat-1998. № 3.-8 b.)

Abylay han-qazaq halqynyng maqtanyshy asa kórnekti memleket qayratkeri, әigili qolbasshy, iri tarihy túlgha. 1711 jyly Shynghys han әuleti Uәliyding shanyraghynda dýniyege kelgen. Onyng shyn esimi- Ábilmansúr. Abylay qazaq eline tek Shynghys әuletinen bolghandyqtan ghana han saylanbaghan. Ol el basyna kýn tughanda danalyghymen, batyrlyghymen, parasatymen, el múnyn, halyq jýgin, tarihy auyr kezende jauapkershilikpen sezine bilgendigimen han saylandy. Ol halyqtyng ishinen iriktelip, súryptalyp baryp, jeke dara shyqty, qazaq halqynyng basyn qosty, kýshin tasytty, mәrtebesin kóterdi, qazaq elin irgeli elge ainaldyrdy.
Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng jazba derekterinde Abylaydyng 12 әieli, 30 úly, 40 qyzy bolghandyghy aitylady. Ýlken úly Uәly 1782 jyly patshanyng arnayy gramotasymen Orta jýz qazaqtarynyng hany bolyp taghayyndalady. Uәliyding úly Shynghys Orta jýzding agha súltany, әskery sheni-polkovnik bolghan. Shynghystyng úly Shoqan-Abylay úrpaqtarynyng ishindegi eng tanymal, danqty úldarynyng biri. Abylaydan taraghan endigi bir bútaq-Qasym tóreden tughan úldar. Abylaydyng isin jalghastyrushy erjýrek úldar Sarjan, Esenkeldi, Kenesary han, Nauryzbay batyr, Syzdyq súltandar tarihy túlghalar. Abylaydyng ýsh atasy: Jәngir, Uәly baqy, qanisher Abylay jәne әkesi Kórkem Uәly han maydanda qaza tapqan. 1743 jyly Týrkistan qalasynda ýsh jýzding handary, súltandary, batyrlary bir tudyng astyna birigip, Abylaydy resmy týrde Qazaq hany etip saylaydy. Abylay Qazaq memleketin nyghaytu men onyng tәuelsizdigin saqtau jolynda kóp enbek sinirdi. Ol biylik qúrghan jyldary alghash ret qazaqtar men qalmaqtar arasynda beybit kelisim jasaldy, Reseymen, Qytaymen tatu qarym-qatynas ornatyldy. Zerdeli, alghyr sayasatker, әkki diplomat, daryndy qolbasshy boldy. Onyng kózdegen maqsaty - memleketti nyghaytu, qazaq halqyn aman saqtap qalu. Ol dúshpandardan qorghanu ýshin ýsh jýzding basyn biriktire bildi. Qazaq jerin tolyq basyp aludy kózdegen kórshileri-Resey, Qytay, Jonghar mýddelerining qarama-qayshylyghyn dúrys paydalana otyryp, Abylay is jýzinde elding tәuelsizdigin saqtap qala aldy. Abylaydyng qyzmetin sipattay otyryp, orys tarihshysy Levshin bylay dep jazdy: «Qyrghyzdardyng sol zamandaghy biyleushilerining bәrinen jasymen, qulyghymen jәne tәjiriybesimen, tanymal aqylymen, qol astyndaghy halqynyng sanymen sonday-aq, ózining orystyng әiel-patshasymen, Qytay bogdohanymen baylanystarymen, ordalarda danqtylyghymen basym bolghan Abylay Orta jýzdegi ýkim etushining biyligin qolyna jinaqtady. Ózine senimdi bolghandyqtan, ol ózining manghazdylyghymen jәne abaylap әreket jasauynyng nәtiyjesinde, óte sheberlikpen óz jaghyna adamdardy tarta bildi, dúshpandaryna kýsh kórsetip qorqytsa, ol kerek kezinde ózin әri orysqa baghynyshty, әri qytay qol astyndamyn dep jariyalaghanymen, shyn mәninde eng tәuelsiz biyleushi boldy.»2 (E.Bekmahanov. Qazaq halqynyng Kenesary bastaghan azattyq qozghalysy. «Júldyz». 1997j. 111-125b. №8)

Abylay han jongharlardy jenip, Qytay jәne Reseymen terezesi teng memleket ornatudy kózdedi. Búl jenis kórshiles Qytay men Resey ýshin qolaysyz bolyp, 1756 jyly Qazaq handyghy men Qytay memleketi arasynda soghys órti tútandy, ol 1757 jylgha deyin sozyldy. Búl qaqtyghys ta Abylay hannyng arqasynda beybit jolmen sheshildi.
Orynbor general-gubernatory Abylay súltangha: «Eger de Resey men Qytay ekeui soghysa qalsa kimdi jaqtar ediniz?» -deydi. Sonda Abylay: «Eshkimdi de. Bizge beybit ómir qajet»,3 - depti. (B. Nasenov. Tarih zertteushisi, Resey Syrtqy ister Ministrligining syrtqy sayasat múraghaty, 1 qor. 1- tirkeme, 76- is.) Galdan-Seren balasyn óltirgen Ábilmansúrdy andytyp, qolgha týsirip tútqynda alady. «Mening balamdy sen óltirding be?» - degen súraqqa Abylay túryp: «Sening balandy óltirgen men emes-halyq, mening qolym halyqtyng búiryghyn oryndaushy ghana»4 dep jauap berui, onyng halqy ýshin óz basyn qaterge tikkendigining dәleli bola alady. (M.Qozybaev. Qazaq әdebiyeti. 1991 jyl 14 mausym) Abylay otyzgha jetpey alghyr, jigerli, qayrat-quaty mol kezde el biyligine aralasady. Ákeden balagha, baladan nemerege, odan shóbere-shópshekke jetken búrynghydan qalghan sóz boyynsha, Abylay: boyynda artyq eti joq, shiraq, shapshan, keskindi, ashang jýzdi kýlse ómir boyy qabaq shytpaytynday, al qahargha minse ómiri kýlmeytindey shyghar dep oilaytynday adam bolypty. Abylaydyng namysqoy, órminez, sózge sheber aitqanynynan qaytpaytyn qaysar, isine tiyanaqty ekendigi turaly derekter bizge kelip jetti. Ant bere barghanda 1740 jyly 28 tamyzda Han Ábilmәmbet pen súltan Abylay úly mәrtebeli, imperator aghzamnyng portreti iluli túrghan shatyrgha kirgende onda general-leytenant túr edi. Ol sózden búryn mór basylghan kýni búryn jazylghan qaghaz úsynady. Shatyrda naqyshtalghan eki ýlken oryndyq qoyylghan eken. Bireuinde han, ekinshisine general-leytenant otyrady. Al, súltan Abylay ózine qoyylghan júpyny alasa oryndyqqa otyrudan bas tartyp, dәl han otyrghan oryndyqtay ýlken oryndyq әkeluin talap etedi. Sonday oryndyq әkelingen song ghana baryp jayghasady. (Shot-Aman Uәlihan. Abylay. Ana tili. 13 mausym qoy jyly)

Qazaqtyng bolmysyn saqtap, bolashaqqa ýmit-senim otyn jandyrghan. Qytaydyng jymysqy ospaghyna, orystyng sodyr toqpaghyna qarsy túryp, birde ailamen, birde nayzamen, ónerin asyryp, eki úly imperiyany esterinen tandyrghan, qazaqty tiridey ýiitip jegisi kelgen jalmauyz otarshyldardyng baghyn aqyly men aibynymen taydyrghan. HVIII ghasyrdyng әlemdik dengeydegi alyp túlghasy, ghajayyp diplomaty Abylay han boldy. Ol el biylegen kezde qazaq halqynyng ruhy kóterilip, mereyi ýstem boldy.
Abylay týsinde - shatyr aldynda basyn salyp kótermegen qalpynda jatyp alghan jolbarys kóredi. Búl ne qylghany dep qarap edim, ol dereu aygha ainalyp ketedi. Onyng anggha ainalghany qalay jana ghana jolbarys edi ghoy degenimshe bolmady, aydyng ornynda qasqyr túrdy. Qasqyrdan song týlki, onan keyin qoyan, sóite - sóite, aqyry mayda-shýide andargha ainaldy,-dep kórgen týsin Búqar jyraugha jorytady. Sonda Búqar: «Shatyr aldynda kóringen jolbarys óziniz bolasyz. - Siz jolbarystay batyl da ójet boldynyz. Sizde danq ta, ataq ta boldy. Onyng basyn kótere almay shógip jatqany endigi jerde basynyzdan baghynyz tayghanyn kórsetedi. At basyn ordanyzgha búrynyz topyraq elden búiyrsyn. Al aidy kergeniniz-óz balalarynyzdy kórgeniniz. Endi olardyng tirligi angdyng tirligindey bolady. Olar siz jýrgen jolmen jýruge tyrysyp, kýresip ótedi. Al jana úrpaqty qasqyr-ómir kýtip túr. El arasynda qatty tolqu bolady da olardy týlkiler almastyrady. Sosyn uaqyt yrqyna baghynghan, tirshilik mәjbýr etken qoyandar zamany payda bolady. Odan songhy úrpaqtarynyzdyng esimin el bile de qoymas, olardyng ózge júrttardan aiyrmasy qalmaydy, han iyem-deydi.6» (Abylay hannyng týsi. Qazaq әdebiyeti. 1992 jyl, 7 aqpan).
Abylay han ajal jastyghyna bas qoyghanda Búqar jyrau:
Qayghysyz úiqy úiyqtatqan, hanym-ay,
Qalynsyz qatyn qúshtyrghan, hanym-ay,
Qayrusyz jylqy baqtyrghan, hanym-ay,
Ýsh jýzden ýsh kisini qúrban qylsam,

Sonda qalar ma eken qayran janyn-ay,7 deui Abylay hannyng qazaq halqy ýshin qanday qadirli bolghanynyng dәleli. (S.Dәuitov. Abylay hannyng týsi. \\Sosialistik Qazaqstan,1991 jyl 6 sәuir) 1871 jyly Abylay dýniyeden ótkennen keyingi uaqytta birtútas qazaq ordasynyng shanyraghy shayqalmasa da, irgesi bosap, kerege kógi toza bastaghan almaghayyp zaman keldi. IYesiz qalghan taqqa layyqty túlgha-qayratty Qasym súltandy otyrghyzbay ii júmsaq, ózderine iykemdi birtogha Ualy súltandy han saylaghan elding iygi jaqsylary bolatyn. Sonymen birge eki ghasyr boyy jymysqy әkki sayasat jýrgizip otyrghan Resey men Sin imperiyasynyng iyeligindegi qazaq jerin «bólip alyp biyley ber» әdisin qoldandy. Qazaq ordasyn bólshektep, jiliktep, óz biyligin jýrgize bastaydy. Uәli, Bókey sekildi noqtalanghan handardyng auzyn alyp otarlaushy memleket Edil, Jayyq, Tobyl, Esil, Ertis boyyndaghy bekinisterin kýsheytip, el ishine dendey enuge bet alyp, qazaq dalasyn qúrsaulay qysyp shyrmay bastaydy. Osynday alasapyran zamanda Abylaydyng besinshi әieli atyshuly Qaldan Serenning bauyry Hoshu mergenning qyzy Topysh hanymnyng qúrsaghynda jaralghan jau-jýrek kókjal Qasym jeti úlymen birge qalyng qol jinap orys otarshyldaryna qarsy soghys ashady. (Topyshty tútqyngha týsken joly Abylaygha Qaldan Seren úzatqan edi.) 1836 jyly Qasym úldary Sarjan men Esenkeldi ýsheui qapylysta Qoqandyqtardyng toryna týsip opasyzdyqpen óltiriledi. Tek Tashkentte tútqynda bir jylday otyrghan Kenesary ghana bosap shyghady. Ol búdan keyin búrynghy atasy Abylay túsyndaghy qazaq Ordasyn qalpyna keltiru jolyndaghy últ-azattyq kýreske shyghady. Onyng kemengerligi, qolbasshylyghy, diplomatiyalyq sheberligi, sayasatkerligi jóninde kezinde kóptegen zertteushi ghalymdar bagha bergen. Halyqty qaruly kýreske bastap shygha alatyn aduyn Abylaydyng otyz úlynyng eng kenjesi Qasym súltannyng jәne onyng úrpaqtarynyng ýlesine tiydi, onyng bәibisheden tughan balalary: Ghúbaydolla, Sarjan, Esengeldi, Aghytay, Bopy, Kóshek jәne Kenesary, kishi әielinen tughan balasy Nauryzbay jiyrma jylgha juyq uaqytqa sozylghan tityqtatarlyq kýresting tabandy qatysushylary, al solardyng ishindegi Sarjan, Esengeldi, Kenesary, Syzdyqtar ony úiymdastyrushylar retinde tarihta esimderi qaldy, al ol kýres barysynda patshalyq rejimge zor moralidyq-sayasy núqsan keltirildi. Okrugtik prikazdardyng qúryluyna qarsy alghashqy óz narazylyghyn Kókshetau ólkesinde edәuir yqpaly bar Qasym súltan 1825 jylghy 14 mausymda bildirdi. «Ombyda otyrghan general Kapsevich,-dep jazdy Qasym tóre Orynbor әskery gubernatoryna arnap,-bizding qyrghyz-qaysaqtar jaghynda ornalasqan Kókshetau qalasynyng janynan kense ornyn qúrdy, sóitip bizding súltandarymyz ben aqsaqaldarymyzdy renjitti...».8 (SGA RK, f.338,op.1 d.336, l.15-15ob.)
Qasym okrugtik prikazdargha ýzildi-kesildi qarsy boldy. Ol patshagha ózderin tynysh qaldyryp, óz bolystarynyng qazaqtaryna ózderining ómirin «olar óz әkesi Abylay hannyng túsynda qalay ómir sýrse, dәl solay, yaghny óz ghúryptary boyynsha» qúruyna rúqsat etuin súrap ótinish jazady.9 (SGA RK, f.338,op.1 d.336, l.15-15ob.) Qasym tórening 12 bolysty basqarghan on eki er jetken úly bar edi, olardyng әrqaysysynyng janynda jan-tәnin salyp qyzmet etetin 500 shanyraqtan «óz» tólengitteri boldy, olar ózderi әskery qyzmet ete jýrip, qamqorlyghyn kórgen Abylay úrpaqtarynyng alghashqy shaqyruymen úrysqa kiruge dayyn bolatyn. Shyday-shyday tózimi tausylghan Qasym súltan úldarymen birge qalyng qol jinap soghys ashady. Búrynghy han biyligi qúrylymyn, aumaqtyq bólinis pen basqarudyng dәstýrli prinsipterin týgeldey qorghaghan Qasym tórenin, onyng balalarynyn, kóptegen auyldarynyng qarsy әreketteri shekteuli bolsa da, egemendikti saqtap qalugha baghyttaldy. Ýkimetke qarsy Abylay úrpaqtarynyng qoldauymen Ghúbaydolla súltan bastaghan oppozisiyanyng býkil is-әreketining týpki maqsaty okrugtik prikazdar qúryla bastaghan jerlerde olardy joigha qol jetkizudi kózdedi. «Eger duandy joymasanyz, -dep týsindirdi súltan general-gubernatorgha,-biz ýshin aspannyng asty qanyrap (qalady), jer betinde bos kenistik kóbeyedi, óitkeni biz Resey memleketine únamaytyn eshnәrse istegen joqpyz...»10. (B.Nasenov. Tarih zertteushisi, Gosudarstvennyy arhiv Omskoy oblasty RF (GAOmO RF), f.336,op.1,d.125,l.1-p) Ghúbaydolla-ózining P.M.Kapsevichke kezekti joldanymyn osylay týiindey kelip, oghan qol qoyghan jәne óz tanbalaryn basqan adamdardy tizip keltiredi, olar: atyghay, tórtuyl, toqpaq, rularynyng mýddelerin bildirgen Aqmyrza, Alybay, Shektibay, IYtqara, Jýzbay, Qúdaymendi, Aznabay biyler, Shama batyr, Sirtesen súltan, sonday-Ghúbaydollanyng ózi.11 (B.Nasenov. Tarih zertteushisi, Gosudarstvennyy arhiv Omskoy oblasty RF (GAOmO RF), f.336,op.1,d.125,l.1-p) Ýkimetke qarsy opozisiyany bastap, sonymen birge Kókshetau okrugtik prikazynyng agha súltany qyzmetin atqarudy jalghastyrady.12 (Materialy po istoriy y statistiyke Omska.SPB. 1880t.1, 58-b.) Atasy Abylaydyng syrtqy sayasy baghytynyng dәstýrin jetkilikti dәrejede jalghastyrghan Ghúbaydolla súltan Resey men Sin imperiyasy jóninde qosbirilk sayasatyn ómirining aqyryna deyin ústandy. 1825 jyldyng sәuir aiy 1822 jylghy Jarghynyng engiziluine qarsy, Qasym tóre bastauynda túrghan halyqtyq qozghalystyng bastalghan kezi bolyp esepteldi. Ghúbaydolla súltan soltýstik-shyghys Qazaqstannyng kóptegen rularyn azattyq kýreske tartu maqsatymen patsha okrugterining әkimshilik qyzmeti әli qamtylmaghan auyldargha ózining senimdi adamdaryn jiberdi, solar arqyly bolashaq kóterlis oshaqtaryn әzirlemekshi boldy13 (Gosudarstvennyy arhiv Omskoy oblasty RF (GAOmO RF), f.336,op.1,d.122,l.2-ob) Patsha ofiyseri Karbyshev tútqiyldan shabuyldap, birneshe by men Ghúbaydollany tútqyngha týsiredi, de Ombygha aparyp abaqtygha jabady. 1840 jyldyng qarashasynda Kenesarynyng talap etuining arqasynda bosatylyp alynady. Sonymen Qasym tórening narazylyq bildiruimen bastalghan patsha reformasyna oppozisiya, onyng әskeriy-kýshteu sharalarymen basyp-janyshtaluyna deyin Ghúbaydolla súltan basshylyq etken búqaralyq qozghalysqa úlasty. Keyin Jarghyny kýsh qoldanu әdisimen iske asyrudyng jalghastyryluy, kórnekti Shynghys úrpaqtarynyng qarsylyghyn elemeu oppozisiyanyng bytyranqy kýshterining birtútas qozghalysqa biriguin tezdetti, ony Sarjan Qasymov súltan basqardy. Qazaq arasynda handyq ýkimet joyylghannan keyin, Abylay hannyng nemeresi Sarjan súltan orta jýzding Kókshetau, Úlytau ónirinde orys patsha ýkimetine qarsy qaruly kóterilis jasady. Ol Reseyden bólinip shyghyp, Qazaq handyghyn qalpyna keltiruge tyrysty. Qarqaraly okrugine shabuyl jasady. Sarjannyng Ejen han ýkimetimen baylanys jasau qimyly sәtsizdikke úshyrady. 1825-jyly nauryzda orys patsha әskerleri Sarjan súltannyng qaruly kýshterin jeniliske úshyratty. Ol búdan keyin Qoqan handyghynyng qol astyndaghy úly jýz jerine kóship bardy. 1826 jylghy 31 qantarda bolghan alghashqy ashyq qaqtyghys Sarjan súltannyng soghysta jeniluimen ayaqtaldy, onyng tútqyngha týsken «pikirlesteri» qarusyzdandyrylyp, Omby janyndaghy әskery sotqa berildi. Súltan ózi qalghan auyldarymen Orynbor shebine qaray kóship, qudalaudan qútyldy. 1831 jyldyng orta sheninde Kókshetaudan shyqqan, 500 adamnan túratyn otryad Sarjan auyldaryna kenetten shabuyl jasap, olardy talap-tonap ketti. Altyn, kete, jaghalbayly rulary qatty zardap shekti, 450 auyl adamy qaza tapty, ondaghan adam, sonyng ishinde Sarjannyng bir balasy tútqyngha alyndy; 1832 jyldyng basynda P.N.Kulakov basqarghan 250 adamnan túratyn kazak otryady Kýshik jәne Esengeldi súltandargha kýsh qoldanyp, janaydar ruyn tonap, 60 qazaqty jazalady. Qoqan hannyng qoldauynan ýmittengen Sarjan Úly jýz shegine kóship barady, ondaghysy sol aimaqtaghy qazaqtardy óz jaghyna tartu edi. Búl әreket qoqandyqtargha únamady, arada janjal tuyndady. Sarjandy Tashkent biyleushisi 1836 jyldyng jazynda zúlymdyqpen óltirdi. Sarjannyng birge erip barghan inileri Erjan, Esengeldi jәne taghy basqa da ataqty qazaqtardyng qaza tabuy azattyq qozghalysty basqa arnagha búryp, onyng óristeuine kedergi jasady. Keyin búl qozghalysty Kenesary jalghastyrady. Sonday-aq Resey patshalyghy ózining otarshyldyq iydeyasyn týbegeyli ornyqtyru ýshin qazaq elining búrynnan qalyptasqan handyq basqaru jýiesin joyyp, jalpyreseylik basqaru jýiesin engizudi kózdedi.

Esenkeldi men Sarjan ólgen son, Qasymnyng estiyar qyzy Bopay hansha men balalary Bopy, Kenesary biylikti qolgha alady. Kenesarynyng qasynda onyng tuystary - inileri Qúshaq pen Músa, Nauryzbay, Isa onyng nemere inileri Sarjannyng balalary-Erjan, Qúdaymendi, Isa, Qoshqarbay jәne basqalar boldy. Kenesary Qasymov feodaldyq ýkimetti nyghaytugha kýsh saldy. Halyqtyng әleumettik túrmysyna kónil bólip, eldi ekonomikalyq jaghynan jaqsartugha niyet etti. Onyng algha qoyghan maqsaty men jospary Ortalyq Aziyada bir ortalyqqa baghynatyn memleket qúru boldy. Kenesary turaly HIH ghasyrdaghy әskery tarihshy N.Sereda: «Kenesary óz әskerine layyq, tamasha qolbasshy boldy Olardyng erkeshe joghary ruhyna evropalyq әskerding kez kelgen qolbasshysy qayran qalar edi.» Orystyng sayahatshy-ghalymy P.Semenov-Tyani-Shanskiy han Keneni bizding dәuirimizge deyingi ekinshi ghasyrda Rim imperiyasyna qarsy kýresken Pont patshasy Mitridat II Evpatorgha teneydi. XIX ghasyrda-aq orystar Meyer, Potto, Krasovskiy, polyak A.Yanushkevich, aghylshyn T.Atkinson ardaqty hanymyz jóninde jyly lebiz bildirgen eken. Kenesarynyng últyn azat etu jolyndaghy kýresi jayynda fransuzdyng ataqty fantast-jazushysy Juli-Vern 1876-jyly roman jazyp qaldyrghan. Amerikan tarihshysy Marta Olkot qazaqtar turaly tarihiy-zertteu enbeginde Kenesarygha arnayy toqtalyp, tarau arnaghan. Songhy hanymyzdyng jarty dýniyeni dýr silkindirgen últyn azat etu jolyndaghy qozghalysy jayynda fransuzdyng ataqty jazushysy Juli Vern 1876 jyly roman jazyp shygharghan14. (N. Quantayúly. Kenesary songhy hany alashtyn. Jas alash. 1999jyl 10 nauryz)
Kenesary ózin Resey patshasynan tómen sanamaghan. Oghan Nikolay 1-shi patshagha jazghan myna haty kuә: «Býkilreseylik dara biyleushi patsha aghzamgha. Býtin qazaqty biylegen Abylay han úrpaghy Kenesary Qasymúlynan. ...» Sizding ata-babalarynyz patsha bolghanda, bizde mening atam Abylay han bolghanda el tynysh ómir sýrdi. Bizding elimizden eshkim alym-salyq, jinamaytyn. Keyingi uaqta jónsiz salyq alyna bastaldy. Bayaghy beybit toqtamdy (traktatty) búzyp sizding qúzyrynyzdaghylar qazaqty Reseyding uysynda dep oilaydy. Qazaqqqa qysymdy toqtatu, búrynghy tynysh ómirdi qalpyna keltiru, segiz duandy (okrugty) dalamyzda salghan qonystarynyzdy jondy súraymyn». Deydi de Kenesary patshagha tórt talap qoyady. Azattyqtyng aq jolynda qazaq elining tәuelsiz Orda bolyp túruy ýshin óz ghúmyryn sarp etken Kenesary on jylgha juyq uaqyt Reseyge, Hiuagha, Qoqangha qarsy tolassyz soghysady. Áskery tarihshy V.Potto han Keneni «qazaqtyng Shәmili» dep baghalaghan. Abylay ólgennen keyin alpys jyldan keyin 1841 jyly qazaqtar Sarysu boyynda boz bie shalyp, aqsarbas atap, Qasym súltannyng balasy Kenesaryny aq kiygizge otyrghyzyp han saylady. Alayda Resey basshylary Keneni han dep tanyghysy kelmey, ony qaralap «býlikshi», «qaraqshy» dep at qoyyp aidar taqty. On jylgha juyq ýzilissiz Resey imperiyasymen, opasyz Qoqan handyghymen soghysyp ótken sol aq jolgha ghúmyryn arnaghan qazaqtyng songhy hany Kenesary 1847 jyly Toqmaqtyng manyndaghy Kekiliksengir tauynyng eteginde óltirildi. Onyng bas sýiegi Sankt-Peterburgtegi Ermitajdyng Kunst-kamerasynda saqtaluda15. (Jas alash. 1999j. 10 nauryz)

Áygili «Kenesary-Nauryzbay» dastanynyng avtory, HIH ghasyrdaghy qazaq poeziyasynyng iri ókili Nysanbay jyrau:
Mening atym - Nysanbay,
At jiberdim túsamay.
Ózim jyrau bolyppyn,
Ata-anama úqsamay, - deytin sol jyrau Kenesarynyng senimdi serigi bolghan. Nauryzbay men qúrdas Nysanbay Kekilik tauynda Kenesary men Nauryzbaydan airylghan song olardy bylay joqtaydy: Kene hannyng túsynda,
Qart buraday jaradyq...
Jaudy jasqap japyryp,
Jaughan qarday boradyq...
Abylaylap at qoyyp,
Dúshpannyng aldyn oradyq
. Hanymyzdan airylyp,
Shil boghynday taradyq!..
Kóringennen qorghalap,
Kisi auzyna qaradyq!!
Kenesary ketken son,
IYesiz qaldy taghymyz!
Nauryzbay tóre ketken son,
Bastan taydy baghymyz!
Búlbúlday sayrap jýr edik,
Baylandy til men jaghymyz!..
Artynda qalghan jetim el ,
Kelispedi-au sәnimiz!..
Aqyrynda, әleumet,
Osynday boldy halimiz!..
Orystar qoragha kirgen qasqyrday qazaqtyng jerine súghyna kirip, qamal-bekinister sala bastady.

Kenesary: «Jer su eldiki, atameken jerden airylu - eldikten airylu, Eldi er qorghaydy!»-dep úran tastap, qol bastady.
Tughan elining bostandyghy ýshin bar ómirin sarp etip, at ýstinde kýn keship, bel sheship, tynym tappay, on jyl boyy azattyq qozghalysyn bastaghan Kenesary kýresi-әdil kýres edi.

Kenesary qyrghyzdardyng orys basqynshylarymen auyz jalasqan qúpiya aram niyetin bilgen son, bóri ashuyn tyrnap alady dep, qyrghyzben soghysty. Bostandyq ómirining songhy týni arpalys aiqasta kýni búryn aldyn orap su jayghan batpaqqa úshyrap qorshaugha alynady. Kenesarynyng qasyndaghy qorghaushysy orta jýz qonyrat ishinde Jiybet atasynyng jetinshi úrpaghy Abaq batyr edi: - Taqsyr jaudy búzyp ótem, qútylynyz!-degende, Kenesary: «Batyrym ózing qútyl. El syilaghan bagham bolmasa, ózindey adammyn. Myna qoldy tastap ketpeymin. Jan qorghau emes, el qorghau ýshin jýrmin»,-deydi. Qolgha týsken Kenesaryny Qyrghyz manaptary «Inisi Nauryzbay tiri túrghanda kegin almay qoymaydy»,-dep, Kenesarymen kelisim-bitisudi qarastyrady. Nauryzbay aghasynyng qolgha týskenin estigende, qorlyqqa shyday almay, kózine qan tolyp, Aghybaydyng qol jyiyp shabamyz degenine kónbey qyrghyzgha bir ózi barady. Aghadan janym sadagha, dep ózi izdep kelgen Nauryzbaydy qyrghyz manaptary tútqyndaydy. Kenesary inisine nalyp «Sen kelmegende, dýmpuinnen qorqyp bosatpaqshy edi»,-dep ókingeni sonsha, barmaghyn shaynap jiberedi.
Kenesary, Nauryzbay ólgen song qazaqtyng azattyq tuy jyghyldy. Batyrlar bastaghan qazaq qoly tuyp-ósken baytaq eline tarap ketti. Qazaq elining tәuelsizdigi ýshin kýresting eng joyqyn ýlgisin kórsetken qolbasshy, úiymdastyrushy, batyr, sayasatker retinde Kenesary halyq jýregine berik úyalady. Ol qazaq halqynyng derbes memlekettiligin qalpyna keltiru, halqyn bodandyqtan qútqaru, basyn biriktiru jolynda súnghyla sayasatshy bola bildi, janyn pida etti. Onyng últ-azattyq kóterilisting kósemi retinde jasaghan erlikteri, soghys taktikasy, úiymdastyru qabileti jalpaq júrtqa anyz bolyp tarady, tarihy qújattarda da saqtaldy.
Keshegi totalitarlyq jýiedegi shovinizm dәuirlegen kezende tәuelsizdik tuyn kótergen Kenesary turaly aitugha da, jazugha da tyiym salyndy. Onyng patsha sayasatyna, otarlyq ezgige qarsy kýresi orysqa qarsy әreket bolyp esepteldi. Tughan halqynyng bostandyghy ýshin kýres jolynda bar jiger-qayratyn júmsaghan Kenesary patsha әkimshiligimen auyz jalasqan qyrghyz manaptarynyng qandy qolynan qaza tapty.

Ákesi dýniyeden ótken Syzdyq on jasta edi. Syzdyq at jalyn tartqan son-aq әke jolyn qudy, sodan 25 jyl boyy at ýstinde kýn keship, elining tәuelsizdigi ýshin alysty. Syzdyq quatty jauynger, sheber úiymdastyrushy, soghys tәsiline óte jetik adam edi. Onyng búl qasiyetin dúshpandary da moyyndady. Orys tarihshysy N.Pavlov: «Týrkistan otryadynyng Qoqanmen, Búharmen jýrgizgen soghysynda, Hiuagha jasaghan joryghy kezinde eng quatty qarsylasymyz Syzdyq súltan boldy. Kenesary Qasymovtyng balasy, Abylay hannyng shóberesi, Túrandaghy asa iri túlghalardyng biri bolyp tabylatyn dalanyng jaujýrek úlynyng boyynda bizge degen óshpendilik ana sýtimen birge singendey edi. Túran ólkesindegi óz bastastarynan Syzdyqtyng siyrek kezdeser oqshau bir ózgesheligi-ataq, mansap, qadir-qúrmet izdemegendigi; jaqsy jauynger, talmas qajyr iyesi ekendigi» 16 dep jazady. (J.Asanúly Azat. Ázbergen Múnaytpasúlynyng 1869 jylghy Oral, Torghay oblystaryndaghy últ-azattyq kóterlisin úiymdastyruy. 2005 j. 26 qantar №4)

Syzdyq pen Ázbergen 1869-73 jyldary orys ezgisine qarsy tize qosa kýresken. Biri Ámudariyanyng ontýstigindegi, biri soltýstigindegi qazaqtardan qaruly jasaq qúryp, Resey bekinisterine, keruenderine, jazalaushy otryadtaryna qarsy jiyi-jii shabuyldar jasap túrghan.
Qazaqtar әu bastan bostandyqty, erkindikti ómirlerining basty qaghidasy etip ósken, eshkimge enkeymegen ór halyq. Búl qasiyetting úrpaghyna da berilui tabighy zandylyq. Qangha singen osy qasiyetteri qazaq halqyn bas bostandyghyn, ata mekenin, jeri men malyn ómir baqy qorghaudy mindettep oghan kýsh berip otyrdy. «Malym arymnyng sadaghasy» dep aryn, adamgershilik qasiyetin bәrinen de joghary ústaghan últ boldy.

Tarih osylay әr halyqtyn, olardyng túlghalarynyng jýrip ótken jolyn úmyttyrmaydy, ony keleshek úrpaqqa ónege retinde berip, olardyng jadynda qaldyryp otyrghan. Osy maqalada avtor tarapynan sonday maqsat kózdeldi. Qazaq dalasyndaghy әr ru-taypanyn, ol ortadan ósip-óngen, últyna enbegi singen tarihy túlghalardy tanyp bilu, bizding elimizding tәuelsizdigining bayandy boluy ýshin qyzmet etedi degen ústanymdy basshylyqqa aldy.

03.10.2011

Esenghazy QUANDYQ,
tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor

http://www.turkystan.kz/page.php?page_id=31&id=6824