«Kәmil músylman» – Abay kórsetken «tolyq adamnyn» alghashqy dengeyi. Adam Qúdaygha tolyq senip, tolyq imangha ie bolghannan keyin, endi ol Qúday jolyna tolyq týsuge úmtylady. Osylay «tolyq adam» satysyna kóteriledi. Abay «tolyq adam» satysyndaghy búl dengeydegilerdi «kәmil músylman» dep ataydy. «Músylman» arabtyng «mýsliym» degen sózinen shyqqan, «Qúdaygha senushi» degen úghymdy bildiredi. Al «kәpir» arabtyng «kafara» degen sózinen shyqqan, osyghan keri maghynada, yaghny «Qúdaygha senbeytin» adam degen úghymdy beredi. Abay «músylman» sózin búrmalamay, ózining osy alghashqy maghynasynda qoldanady. Yaghni, «kәmil músylman» degenimiz Abaysha «Qúdaygha tolyq senushi» degendi bildiredi. Sopy ilimi boyynsha da osylay.

Kәmil músylmandar ýshin imandylyq eng basqy shart. «Adam» satysyndaghy alghashqy dengeyde de qarapayym adamdarda imandylyq bar. Biraq búl eki imandylyqtyng aiyrmashylyghy ýlken. Qúdaygha tolyq moyyn úsyndyryp, kәmil músylman dengeyi adamdy mýlde jana sapagha kóteredi. Al adam satysynda búl senim birde bar, birde joq. Áli bilimi bolmay, ózderining ruhany bolmysynan habary bolmaghandyqtan, búlar imandylyqty soqyr senim arqyly qabyldaydy. Olardyng maqsaty osy fәny ómirmen ghana baylanysty. Sondyqtan olardyng imandylyghy gumanizm dengeyinde ghana, adamgershilik qúndylyqtaryna ghana baghyttalady. Materialdyq ómirding maqsaty bolyp tabylatyn gumanizm men ruhany dengeylerding arasynda aiyrma ýlken. 

Búl aiyrmashylyq adam bolmysynan shyghady. Abay «Aqyl men jan – men ózim, tәn – meniki» deydi. Yaghni, tәn men emes eken. Ózining qara sózderinde de Abay adam bolmysy – tәn, aqyl jәne jan ekenin kórsetedi. Sananyng dengeyine baylanysty adam ómiri osy ýsh dengeyde bolyp, týrli әlemdermen baylanysta bolady. Tәn adamdy – kórneu zattyq әlemmen, aqyl – jogharghy nәzik әlemdermen, al jan ruhany әlemmen baylanystyrady. 

Tәn qúmarymen ómir sýretinder barlyq jan iyeleri tәrizdi zattyq әlem yqpalynda. Ózin tәnmen balaydy. «Malda da bar jan men tәn, Aqyl, sezim bolmasa» deydi Abay. Maldarda adamnyng aqylynday aqyl jәne ishki sezim joq. Olar barlyq jan iyelerine ortaq tórt әreketti instinkt boyynsha jasap, instinktpen ómir sýredi. Maldardan adamnyng aiyrmashylyghy – erekshe aqyl berilgen. Maldarda múnday mýmkindik joq. Adamgha aqyldy qoldanyp ruhany janghyruyna bolady. Biraq sanasy tómen adamdar ózderine berilgen búl aqyldy tolyq qoldana almaydy, ne bolmasa búrys qoldanyp tómen qúldyraydy. Sondyqtan olardy Abay «jarym adam», «jarym músylman» dep ataytyny bar. 

Aqyl dengeyindegilerdi Abay «adam» dep ataydy. Búlar aqylyn paydalanyp patriot, ýlken ghalym, qogham qayratkeri bolyp adamdyqtyng joghary dengeylerine kóterile alady. 

Al «tolyq adam» mýlde basqa dengey. Tómengi basqa satydaghylardyng maqsaty zattyq dengeyde bolsa, al búl satydaghylardyng maqsaty tek qana ruhany dengeyde. 

Materialdyq dengeyde adamdar dindi de ózderining materialdyq mәselelerin sheshu ýshin paydalanady. Býgingi kýnderdegi halyqtar arasyndaghy qaqtyghys, soghystar búl jaghdaydy jaqsy kórsetedi. Qazirgi kezde dýnie jýzinde din aralaspaghan soghys joq deuge bolady. Sóitip imandylyqtyng tómendiginen dinder halyqqa kóptegen zardaptar әkeledi. Al «tolyq adam» satysyndaghy imandylyq ruhany dengeyde. Olar dindi sayasat qúralyna ainaldyrmaydy. 

Tolyq adam satysynyng kәmil músylman, hakim dengeylerine kóterilgen adamdarda әli ruhany joghary qaiyetter әli tolyq bolmauy da mýmkin. Biraq olarda negizgi artyqshylyq bar. Ol – Qúdaygha tolyq berilgendik. Al basqa ruhany qasiyetter osydan shyghyp, ruhany jetilu barysynda tolyghyp, óz dәrejesine jetedi. 

Materialdyq satydaghy adamdargha jaqsy qasiyetter dene arqyly materialdyq jolmen beriledi. Al ruhany joldaghylargha Alla taghalanyng Ózi jýrekke birden berui mýmkin. Adamdardy Alla taghala Ózining materialdyq energiyasy arqyly basqarsa, al tolyq adamdardy jýrek arqyly Ózi basqaryp, olardy Ózining ayasyna alady. Ruhany joldaghylar Alla taghaladan qúlshylyq etudi tilep, ol qúlshylyghyn qabyldauyn ghana súraydy. Olarda basqa tilek joq. 

«Kәmil músylman» dengeyindegiler әli tәn yqpalynan tolyq shygha qoymaghandyqtan, Qúdaygha berilu niyetterin tolyq jýzege asyra almaydy. Sondyqtan shyn kónil, taza niyetteri bolsa da keyde olardy nәpsi yqpaly jenip ketedi. Búl – jan men tәnning kýresi. Jan әli tәndi tolyq jenetindey tazaru dәrejesine jete qoyghan joq. Biraq búl joldan shyqpay, býkil ómirin soghan baghyshtaghan adam týpting týbinde ruhany kemeldenuding joghary biyigine kóterile alady. Múny aghashtyng jemisining pisuimen salystyrugha bolady. Aghashtyng jemisi payda bolghannan keyin әli jeuge kelmeytin kók kýiinde bolady. Biraq ol aghashty erinbey kýtip, suaryp otyrsa kezinde jemisi pisip, adamgha quanysh әkeletini belgili. Uaqytqa baylanysty. Uaqyty kelgende qanday jemis bolsa da pisip jetiledi. Sol siyaqty ruhany jolgha týsken adam әuelde kóptegen kemshilikteri kórinip, ruhany pisip jetilmegen siyaqty. Biraq ol alghan betinen qaytpay sol jolmen jýre berse, uaqyt kelgende ózining ruhany dәrejesine jetip, әuliyelik qasiyetterge ie bolady. Endeshe olardy ruhany jolgha týsken kezinen bastap-aq tolyq adam dep ataugha bolady. Abay osy sebepten kәmil músylmandardy tolyq adam qataryna qosady. 

Kәmil músylman ózining ruhany bolmysyn biletin bolghandyqtan, birinshiden, onyng ruhany bilimi bar, al ekinshiden, onyng búl bilimdi dúrys qoldana biletindey ruhany qasiyeti bar. Ol Alla taghalanyng bir ekenin, Onyng barlyq jaratylghandargha Ie ekenin, sondyqtan barlyghy da Sonyng menshigi ekenin bilip qana qoymaydy, ol sol bilimmen ómir sýruge úmtylady. Sondyqtan ol barlyq jandardy birdey kórip, Abaydyng «adamzattyng bәrin sýy bauyrym dep» degen qaghidasyn tolyq oryndaugha úmtylady jәne ózine tiyesili nesibeden artyqty kerek etpeydi. Ol tabighattyng әdilet zanyn jaqsy bilip, ony qatang oryndaydy. Sonymen, qatardaghy músylmandar men kәmil músylmandardyng aiyrmashylyghy – Alla taghalagha degen shyn niyetinde jәne yntasynda. Abay adamdy osyghan shaqyryp, qara sózderinde dýniyelik niyetterdi synaydy. 

Kәmil músylman dengeyine jetiluding barlyq dengeyinen de kóteriluge mýmkindik bar. Onyng alghy sharty – taghdyrdyng shapaghat núrymen ruhany joghary jetilgen adamdy kezdestirip, oghan tolyq senu. Sonan keyin ony ruhany ústaz-mýrshid retinde qabyldap, Shәkәrim sózimen aitqanda ruhany «kindigin kestiru». Sóitip adam ruhany ústazdyng kómegimen baqy әlemge bet alady. Adam Qúdaygha berile qúlshylyqtyng әserimen tez arada ruhany әlemning belgilerin sezine bastaydy. Ony endi búl әlemning emes, ruhany әlemning adamy deuge bolady. 

Abay otyz segizinshi qara sózinde kәmil músylmandardyng aqiqat bilimdi tolyq biletinin aitady. Olar «Alla taghalany tanymaqtyq, ózin tanymaqtyq, dýniyeni tanymaqtyq, óz adamdyghyn búzbay ghana jaqsy menen jamandy aiyrmaqtylyq syqyldy ghylym-bilimdi» ýirengen, osy tórt manyzdy nәrseni tanyp-bilgen adamdar. Yaghni, olar sharighatty mengergen. 

Abay búl dengeydegilerge berilgen tәrtipterdi qatang ústanu kerek ekenin eskertedi. Ol Qúdaygha qúlshylyq tәrtipterin qatang saqtaudyng manyzdylyghyn, onyng ishki tazalyqtyng kepili jәne imannyng kirlenbey, núrlanyp túruyna qajetti nәrse ekenin otyz segizinshi qara sózinde bylay týsindiredi: 

Endi niyet ettiniz taharat (namaz aldyndaghy juynu) almaqqa, namaz oqymaqqa, oraza tútmaqqa, búl taghattardy oryndau syrtqy ghibadat, onyng ishki ghibadatqa jetpegendigi kemshilik emes pe? Sizding ishki dýniyenizding taza bolmaghy ol iman bolyp, búl syrtqy ghibadatynyz imannyng kólenkesi, Hәm sol imannyng núrlanyp túrmaghyna kórik ýshin búiyrylghan. 

Ruhany janghyru jolyndaghy adamgha búl óte manyzdy sózder. Sebebi qúlshylyq jasaudyng reti men manyzy kórsetiledi. «Búl syrtqy ghibadatynyz imandy bolghan song ghana paryz bolghan» degen sóz syrtqy ghibadat pen ishki ghibadattyng aiyrmashylyghy qanday ýlken ekenin kórsetedi. Imandy adamgha syrtqy ghibadatty saqtau kerek, sebebi ol ishki ghibadatty ósiredi. Al imanyng joq bolsa, onda syrtqy ghibadattyng paydasy shamaly. Bos әureshilik, uaqytty bosqa ótkizu. Býgingi zamanda meshitke baryp jýrgenderding keybiri, mine, osynday dengeyde. Oishyl әri qaray bylay dep jazady: 

«Onyng ýshin ghúlamalar iman ekeu emes bireu, biraq izgi taghatpen núrlanady, taghaty joq bolsa, kýngirttenedi, bәlky sónu qaupi de bar degen». Osylay imannyng manyzyn jәne ony ósiru joly beriledi. Taghat bolmasa adamnyng ishki imany kýngirttenedi, bәlky sónu qaupi bar degen oy aitylyp otyr. Abay syrtqy ghibadat pen imannyng bir-birine әserin osylay kórsetip otyr. Olar ýnemi baylanysta.

Sonymen kәmil músylmandardyng basqa qarapayym músylmandardan ózgesheligi – olar imannyng ishki jәne syrtqy jaqtaryn (ghibadat syrlaryn) qatar eskeredi. Abaydyng óz sózimen aitqanda, olardyng «imany týgel». 

«Mening qaupim bar, olar has (naghyz) ghibadat osy eken, Qúdaydyng bizge búiyrghany osy, biz osyny qylsaq, músylmandyq kәmil bolady dep oilaydy» – deydi әri qaray Abay kóbine ghibadattyng tek syrtqy jaghyn ústanugha úmtylatyn kópshilik turaly. Shyn imannyng núry, kórki bolyp tabylatyn namaz oqu, oraza tútu siyaqty syrtqy ghibadatqa Abay «Ol ghibadat kýzetshisi edi» (imannyng kýzetshisi) degen dәl anyqtama beredi. Búl oiyn Abay «Allanyng Ózi de ras, sózi de ras» óleninde de qaytalaytyny belgili. 

«Jә, kýzetshi kýzetken nәrsening amandyghyn oilamay, bir ghana oyau túrmaghyn niyet qylsa, ol ne kýzet? Kýzetken nәrsesi qayda ketedi? Maqsat kýzetilgen nәrsening amandyghy, tazalyghy emes pe?» – dep iman joq bolsa, ghibadattyng da paydasy shamaly bolatynyn nyqtay týsedi. 

Tolyq adam satysyna kóterilgenderding imandylyghy tolyq bolghandyqtan, olar ózderining barlyq oi-óris, sóilegen sóz, jasaghan amaldaryn týgeldey Qúdaydyng razylyghyna arnaydy. Sondyqtan olar qatardaghy qarapayym músylmandar emes, kәmil músylmandar. 

Sonymen kәmil músylmandyq – Alla taghalagha shyn peyilmen is-әreketti tolyq baghyshtau. Búl – ishki tazalyq, shyn iman. Sonymen birge qúlshylyq tәrtipterin, syrtqy isharattaryn qatang ústanu, saqtau kәmil músylmandyq belgisi. Búl – әuliyelik joldyng basy.

Dosym Omarov,

abaytanushy, teolog. 

Abai.kz