El ómirindegi aituly oqighalar men eleuli is-sharalardyng qalyng kópshilik jadynda úzaq saqtalyp, mәngilik sipattarymen kónil tó­rinde berik úyalap qalatyndary bolady. Osy rette, últ ruhaniyaty­nyng bel-belesterine jiti den qoy­saq, QKP OK "Qazaq halqynyng әdebiy-poeziyalyq jәne muzyka mú­ra­syn  zertteudin, syn túrghysynan qarap paydalanudyng jayy jәne ony jaqsartu sharalary turaly" qaulysynyng (1957 jyl) әdebiy-mә­deny ómirde airyqsha mәn-manyzy bolghanyn aitu abzal. Ony jýzege asyru maqsatynda Qazaq SSR Ghy­lym akademiyasy Til jәne әdebiyet instituty qazaq әdebiyeti tarihy­nyng әuelgi bastaulary men keyingi kezenderin qarastyryp, ghylymiy-teoriyalyq konferensiya ótkizgen. Konferensiya materialdary - "Áde­by múra jәne ony zertteu" atty kitapqa endi (Almaty: Qazaq SSR GhA baspasy, 1961.

El ómirindegi aituly oqighalar men eleuli is-sharalardyng qalyng kópshilik jadynda úzaq saqtalyp, mәngilik sipattarymen kónil tó­rinde berik úyalap qalatyndary bolady. Osy rette, últ ruhaniyaty­nyng bel-belesterine jiti den qoy­saq, QKP OK "Qazaq halqynyng әdebiy-poeziyalyq jәne muzyka mú­ra­syn  zertteudin, syn túrghysynan qarap paydalanudyng jayy jәne ony jaqsartu sharalary turaly" qaulysynyng (1957 jyl) әdebiy-mә­deny ómirde airyqsha mәn-manyzy bolghanyn aitu abzal. Ony jýzege asyru maqsatynda Qazaq SSR Ghy­lym akademiyasy Til jәne әdebiyet instituty qazaq әdebiyeti tarihy­nyng әuelgi bastaulary men keyingi kezenderin qarastyryp, ghylymiy-teoriyalyq konferensiya ótkizgen. Konferensiya materialdary - "Áde­by múra jәne ony zertteu" atty kitapqa endi (Almaty: Qazaq SSR GhA baspasy, 1961.

Kitap andatpasynan angharyla­ty­nyn­day, onda: "...konferen­siya­nyng qazaq әdebiyetin zertteuding ke­leli prob­lemalaryna, XVIII ghasyr­dyng ayaq kezi men XIX ghasyrdyng bas kezin­degi qazaq әdebiyeti, XIX gha­syr­dyng 80-90 jyldaryndaghy qazaq әde­biye­tining negizgi damu tendensiya­sy men baghyty, XX ghasyrdyng bas kezindegi qazaq әdebiyetining tarihy jayyn­daghy jәne basqa da mәse­le­lerge arnalghan materialdary engizildi", - dep kórsetilgen. "Ádeby múra jәne ony zertteu" atty ghy­lymiy-teoriya­lyq konferensiyanyng ótkenine jarty ghasyr tolghanymen, ondaghy kóterilgen keleli mәsele­ler­din, XVIII-XX gh.gh. últtyq sóz óne­rining qalyptasuy men damu ba­ghyt­tary, qazirgi kezende de ózekti bolyp ta­bylady.

S.Bәiishev "Halqymyzdyng әde­by múralaryn zertteu men payda­lanu jayynda" atty bastapqy só­zin­de әdebiyet әlemi turaly keng kó­lemde bayandaydy. Ol jayly: "Áde­biyetting teoriyalyq mәselelerin qa­rastyru - qazirgi kezdegi eng basty mindetterding biri. Ózderinizge mә­lim, teoriya - әrbir ghylymnyng ne­gizi, irgetasy, damu sharty. Múnsyz eshbir ghylym damy almaydy. Búl qaghida әdebiyet ghylymyna da týgel­dey jatady...Teoriyalyq mәseleler­men shúghyldanatyn әdebiyetshi­lerding azdyghynan qazirgi qazaq so­vet әdebiyetining birsypyra proble­malary әli kýnge deyin oidaghyday sheshilmey keledi.

...Halqymyz tarihynda, ómirin­de bolghan jaqsy, paydaly, kerekti nәrsening bәrin zertteu, syn kózi­men paydalanu, halyqtyng keregine júmsau jóninde bizding elimizdegidey júmys eshbir elde istelgen emes", - dep aqiqatyn aitady Oy týii­ninde: "...halqymyz tarihynda, ómi­rinde bolghan jaqsy, paydaly, kerekti nәrsening bәrin zertteu, syn kózimen paydalanu, halyqtyng kere­gine júmsau jóninde bizding elimiz­degidey júmys eshbir elde istelgen emes", - degendi de nazargha salady.

E.Ysmayylovtyng "KPSS XXI sezi qararlaryna baylanysty qazaq әdebiyettanu ghylymynyng negizgi mindetteri" atty bayanda­masynda - kórkem әdebiyetke, anyz-ertegi, epostyq jyrlargha jiti nazar audarylady. XIX-XX gh.b. әdebiyet pen qoghamdyq ómirge, Jambyl jәne halyq poeziyasyna, Abay jәne jazba әdebiyet erekshe­likterine manyz beriledi. Halyq әde­biyeti men jazba әdebiyetting or­taq tústaryn:  "...qazaqtyng ertedegi eposyn, tarihy jyr, aitys ólen­derin, anyz-әngimelerin, lirika­lyq  dastandardy sovet  zamanynda ómir sýrgen Jambyl, Shashubay, Nýrpeyis, Múryn, Qazanghap, Quat, Nartay, Kenen siyaqty aqyn-jyr­shylardyng poeziyasymen tyghyz bay­lanystyra teksergende ghana dú­rys ghylymdyq qorytyndylar ja­say alamyz", -  deydi. Últ әde­biyet­terining ózara baylanysyna, kórkemdik-shygharmashylyq әser-yqpal  jasaugha qatysty kózqa­rasyn: "Qazaq әdebiyettanu ghyly­mynyng tarihyna kóz jibersek, onyng negizinen eki kezendi basynan ke­shirgenin bayqaugha bolady. Birin­shi - ýirenu, iydeyalyq-tvorche­stvo­lyq  prinsipterdi iygeru kezeni. Búl revolusiyanyng alghashqy keze­ninen soghysqa deyingi dәuirdi qam­tidy. Ekinshisi - soghystan keyingi dәuir, yaghny qalyptasyp, damu dәui­ri", - dep týiin jasaydy.

Búdan basqa Bazarbaevtyng "Qa­zaq poeziyasyndaghy dәstýr men ja­na­shyldyq jayynda" atty bayan­damasynda kórkemóner tabighaty, qazaq ólenining arghy-bergi kezenderi keng kólemde sóz etiledi. Sonday-aq, Abay әlemi men Sәkenning aqyn­dyghy - ómir, uaqyt tynysymen sabaqtastyqta kórinis tabady.

Q.Júmaliyev "Ádebiyet tarihyn zertteu, onyng jelisin tartyp, bel­gi­li bir jýiege salu mәselesi" tóni­reginde oy qozghaydy. Ádebiyet tariy­hyn qay dәuir, kimnen bastaymyz? degen saualdy da algha tartady. XVIII-XIX gh.gh. aqyndardan kimderdi әdebiyet tarihyna endiru kerek, - degen baghytta da oilar qozghalady. Jyrlardyn, salt ólenderding bir­neshe núsqalary bolsa, Búqardan bergi aqyndardyng ólenderin kim aitsyn, Qazaqstannyng qay ólke­sinde aitylsyn óz atynan aitady. Ekinshi varianty joq. Úrpaqtan úrpaqqa bir-aq variant, bir aluan sóz týrinde saqtaldy", - dep jaza­dy. Tiyisti tústa: "Qazaq әdebiyetining tarihy Búqar jyraudan bastalady deu, ony maqtau, dәripteu emes - ta­rihy shyndyq. Ol ózining zaman­das­tary Ýmbetey, Shal, Jankisi, Dulat, taghy basqalardan әdebiyetke búryn keldi. Aty da, sózi de halyqqa bú­ryn tarady...

Mahambet, Sherniyaz ólenderi­ning iydeyalyq mazmúny - hannyn, súltandardyn, biy-feodaldardyng halyqty ezip otyrghandyghyn әshke­releuge, jalpy sózdikterining halyq kópshiligine týsiniktiligin kerek etti. Olar sózderining maghynasy tújy­rymdy, dәl, anyq jәne obraz­dary­nyng ómir shyndyghynan alynuyna, júrtshylyqqa meylinshe týsinikti boluyna aldymen kónil bóledi". "Qanday aqyn, jazushy bolsyn әdebiyet tarihyna engizgende jәne bir kerekti shart - onyng qaldyrghan múralarynyng kórkemdik dәrejesi, aitayyn degen oiyn tereng maghy­naly, obrazdy týrde aityp bere bilui".

"Jyrau - әri aqyn, әri óz kezi­ning elge aqyl aitarlyq, keyingi­lerge ónege bolarlyq, naqyl sóz iye­leri. Osy eki úghymnyng jiyn­tyghy aqyngha jyrau ataghyn beredi. Búl tәrizdi sózderding de ýlgileri Búqardan, Dulattan bastalady" Oy týiinin: "...Búqar, Dulat, Jankisi, Mahambet, Sherniyaz, Almajan XVIII ghasyrdyng ayaghy men XIX gha­syrdyng alghashqy jartysyndaghy әde­biyet tarihyna engizilui, zert­telui kerek dep bilemiz. Sol kezdegi әleumettik ómirin tanuymyz ýshin de, eki týrli әdeby baghyttyng taptyq tabighaty qanday bolatyndyghyn jәne onyng әleumettik sebepterin aiqyndau ýshin de qazaq óleng qúrylysy jәne әdeby tilimizding damu joldarynyng tarihyn zertteu ýshin de búl aqyndardyng әdebiyet tarihyna enuleri qajet", - dep qorytyndylaydy.

Al Y.Dýisenbaevtyng "XIX ghasyrdyng 50-70 jyldaryndaghy qazaq әdebiyetin zertteu mәseleleri" degen bayandamasynda aldymen osy kezenning qoghamdyq jaghdayy, qazaq-resey qarym-qatynasy, Orta Aziya halyqtarynyng mәdeniy-ruhany baylanystaryna kónil bólinedi.

B.Kenjebaevtyng "XX ghasyr basyndaghy qazaq әdebiyeti turaly" atty bayandamasynyng bastapqy tústarynda XIX ghasyrdyng sony men XX gh.basynda qoghamdyq-әleu­mettik jaghdaygha, halyq-aghartu jú­mys­taryna keng oryn beriledi. Al­dymen, BAQ jýiesi, aqyn-jazu­shylar men olardyng enbek-múra­lary turaly derekterge den qoyady. Ol jayly: "XIX ghasyrda qazaq tilinde tek bir ghana "Dala ualayaty" gazeti shyghyp túrghan edi; XX ghasyr­dyng alghashqy jartysynda qazaq tilinde 6 gazet, jurnal shyqty. Ol turaly: "...qazaqtyng XX ghasyr basyndaghy әdebiyeti ózining kadry jaghynan da, janr jaghynan da edәuir ósti, professionaldyq әde­biyetke ainaldy",- dep qorytyndy jasaydy.

Professor N.Kelimbetov: "Qa­zaq әdebiyeti tarihyn әdebiyettanu ghylymynyng qúramdas bólimi re­tinde kórkem sóz ónerining tarihyn halqymyzdyng tól tarihynan bó­lip-jarmay, tútas kýiinde zerttese, ústaz-ghalym M. Joldasbekov óz oiyn bylaysha týiedi: "1970 jyl­dargha deyin jogharghy oqu orynda­rynda, orta mektepterde qazaq әdebiyetining tarihy HVIII ghasyrda ómir sýrgen Búqar jyraudan basta­lyp, tómendegishe jýielenip keldi: a\ auyz әdebiyeti; ә\HVIII-HIH ghasyrlardaghy qazaq  әdebiyeti ; b\HH ghasyrdyng basyndaghy qazaq әdebiyeti; v\Qazaq sovet әdebiyeti.

Qazaq halqy ózining úzaq tariy­hynda san týrli jazudy, әlippeni qoldanyp keledi. Solardyng ishinen belgilileri mynalar: VII-IH ghasyr­lar arasynda týrki jazuyn (nemese runalyq jazular dep atalady), sodan úighyr, aramey jazularyn paydalanghan. Al H ghasyrdan bastap arab әlippesine kóshken. Bertinde latyn әlippesine, odan song qazir ózimiz qoldanyp jýrgen orys al­faviytine kóshken. Mine, osy jazu­lardyng qay-qaysysynda da saq­talghan әdeby shygharmalardyng eleuli delinetinderi týgel әdebiye­timizding tarihyna enuge tiyis.

Jazushy-ghalym M. Maghauiyn: "Áldeneshe ghasyrlyq tarihy bar kóne qazaq әdebiyetining tolyqqandy shejiresin jasap shyghu-bolashaq­tyng isi. Biraq, biz osy shaghyn enbe­gimizde júrtshylyq nazaryna úsyn­ghan, әzirge qolda bar azdy-kópti derekterding ózinen-aq halqymyz­dyng aqyndyq ónerining tamyry te­rende jatqandyghy, qazaq әdebiye­tining tarihy HVIII ghasyrdan ghana bastalady-mys degen pikirding jan­saqtyghy aiqyn angharylsa kerek".

"Ádeby múra jәne ony zertteu" atty ghylymiy-teoriyalyq konferen­siyanyng ruhaniyat әleminde taghy­lymdy tústary mol. Basty jetistigi men jasampazdyq qyrlary - kór­kemónerding maqsat-múrattaryn ai­qyndap, sóz óneri tarihyn zer­deleuge batyl betbúrys jasady. Búdan shyghatyn qorytyndy - qazaq  ruhaniyatyna keng óris bergen - "Ádeby múra jәne ony zertteu"  atty ghylymy jiynnyng ótkenine jarty ghasyr tolsa da, zertteu isi býgingi tanda da ómirshendigin jo­ghaltqan joq. Ruhaniyat әlemindegi betbúrysty kezenning basty taghy­lymy da osy.

Raqymjan TÚRYSBEK, filologiya ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor.

«Egemen Qazaqstan» gazeti 26 mausym 2009 jyl