Aqyn, tarihshy, foliklorist Andas OMARAQYNÚLY  1944 jyly QHR-da tuyp, 2016 jyly Taldyqorghanda qaytys boldy. 3 jyr jinaghynyng jәne Qytaydaghy el men jerding tarihy turaly 10 kitaptyng avtory. Shygharmalary qytay, aghylshyn jәne týrkitildes últtardyng tiline audarylghan tarihy jәne ólketanu baghytyndaghy zertteu enbekteri boyynsha 2010 jyly QHR memleket dәrejeli syilyghymen marapttalghan. Qazir zayyby Áueshan Majayqyzy qalamgerlerding kóptomdyq enbekterin jinaqtap, baspadan shygharu isimen ainalysuda. Sonyng ishindegi qytaydaghy Alash arystary jayly enbekteri óz aldyna bir tóbe. Osyghan oray avtordyng mol múrasyn oqyrmandargha jetkizudi jón kórdik.

Qara dauyl qansha úrghylap, qatygez qandy shengelin qadaghanmen halyqtyng ishi altyn besik. «Eldi jerde er ólmeydi» degendey, halyq ózi sýigen úldarynyng mandayynan kýn ótkizip, tabanyn shógirge tildirip, jat jalagha jem etip bergen emes. Azamattaryn ardaqtap, «El ýshin tughan er» degizip, atyn aimaqqa jayyp, úrpaghynyng úrpaghyna jyr etip taratady. Mine, osynday kýnderdi keshke halyqtyng qalauly úldarynyng biri әigili aghartushy Qalimolla Bektorlin edi.

Qalimolla 1890 jyly Qazaqstannyng Aqmola oblysynda dýniyege kelgen. Ruy alshyn. Qalimolla tuada jalghyz bolyp, ata-anasy erte ólip, jastayynan jetim qalady. Jan ashyr jaqyn tuysy bolmaghandyqtan birneshe atalas aghayynnyng arasynda jas ómiri auyr azappen, sergeldeng beynetpen ótedi de jastayynan shetendey shymyr, qatyrghan moyylday qatal, qiyndyqqa kónimpaz bolyp ósedi. Ózining yntaly zerdeliligimen búta basyn syndyrugha jaraghannan bastap-aq ghylymgha, bilimge qabaghat qúshtarlanyp, bir jaghynan istep, bir jaghynan timtinip izdene jýrip Orynbor qalasyndaghy uchiliysheni ýzdik bitirip, biraz uaqyt múghalymdik qyzmet atqarady. Ol búghan da qanaghat tútpay júmys istey jýrip ýirenuin jalghastyrady. Pәny jәne diny bilimdi qatar mengergen oqymysty adam bolyp shyghady. Onyng kózi ashyq, kókiregi taza bolghandyqtan sol tústaghy tensiz qoghamdyq týzimge narazy bolyp, Nikolay patshanyng dara biyligine, terrorlyq zorlyq-zombylyghyna qatty óshigedi әri qazaqty oyatugha ýndep, tensizdikti terenge batyru ýshin kýresuge shaqyrady. Elge aqyndyghymen de jarshy bolady. Ol ózining kýresker, jalyndy jyrlarynyng birinde bylay tolghaydy:

Arghy atam – er Týrik,
Biz – qazaq elimiz.
Samal tau, shalqar kól,
Sary arqa jerimiz.
Biz jýrgen Alashtyn,
Shyn kemengerimiz.
Egessek el bermes,
Eniregen erimiz.
Búghaugha shyrmalghan,
Biz – doly arystan,
Qataysaq qarpymay
Qoymaytyn perimiz.
At minsek jeldetip,
Du berip shabamyz.
Lep tiyse erlenip,
Ot bolyp janamyz.
Erlikting jalauyn,
Aqyryp qolgha alamyz,
Attandap shapqanda,
Jaugha oiran salamyz.
Ejelden biz qazaq,
Oqqa ólgen etimiz,
Qaymyghyp qaytpaghan,
Esh jaudan betimiz.
Úranym – er qazaq,
Abylay – hanymyz.
Bostandyq jolynda
Qúrbandyq janymyz.
Tiysin oq, aqsyn qan,
Shyqsyn jan, qorqu joq,
Azattyq jolynda
Jan qimaq – niyetimiz.
Sóz be eken bizderge,
Jauynnyng kóp-azy.
Ólsek haq sheyitpiz,
Óltirsek – biz qazy.
Ayqasqan jaulardy,
Óltirip sau qaytsaq,
Bolamyz halyqtyn
Shyn úly, sabazy.
Jebesin, qoldasyn,
Aqsaqal, bata ber,
Sapardy ondasyn!
Jasaghan saqtasyn,
Halqymnyng ordasyn!
Ua, halqym, ardaqty,
Qúrbandyq mal men bas,
Attan kýreske,
Azamat, algha bas!

Dәl osylay aitylghanday, ol halqynyng múnyn múndap, joghyn joqtaghan, azabyna ashynyp, azattyghyn aqsaghan jalyndy tónkerisshil bolyp ósti. Aq patshanyng iyisshil, shpion jandayshaptary  men qarghyly tóbetteri Qalimollanyng aq izine shóp salyp, sonyna týsti. «Qalimolla qay jerde kórinse, sol jerde óltirilsin» degen Aqpatshanyng atynan qatal búiryq shygharyp, shekaragha deyin habarlandyru ilip shaptady.

Mine, osynday auyr jaghdayda Qalimolla amalsyzdan jauyn janyldyru ýshin oshaghynda qaynap, otynda mazdaghan kýresker dostarynan qol ýzip, 1910 jyldary Qaljat shekarasy arqyly Qytaygha qashyp ótip, Shapshal audanyndaghy temir ruyna kelip túraqtayy. Búl Satybaldy Núrbekúlynyng Qytay-Resey shekarasyn ajyratyp, bekitetin komissiya qúramynda jýrgen kezine túra keledi. Qalimolla Satybaldymen kezdesip, ózining ómir keshirmelerin jasyrmay jayyp salady. Satybaldy onyng kóp oqyghan, bilimdi adam ekenin angharyp Demeu aqalaqshynyng auylynan at mindirip, shapan kiygizip, óz auyly Kýneske bala oqyttyru maqsatynda ertip keledi. Ol kezde Qalimolla ýilenbegen, ne bәri jiyrma neshe jastaghy mәdeniyetti jas jigit edi. Ol Satybaldy auylyna kelgennen keyin dereu iske kirisip, eng aldymen mektep úiymdastyrudy, oqu-oqytu josparyn jasaudy qolgha alady. Taghy bir jaghynan oqu jasyndaghy úl-qyzdardyng bәrining de oqugha týsui, bilim alyp, ghylym iygerui, sóitip kózi ashyq angharly adam boluy jayly nasihat júmysyn jýrgizedi. Osy arqyly sol auyldaghy oqugha tiyisti úl-qyzdary týgelimen tizimdep shyghady. Alayda, ol kezde Kýnes ónirinde qyzdar mektep tabaldyryghyn attap, bilim alugha jol berilmeytindikten, Qalimollanyng búl isi estigen elge bir týrli oghashtau kórinedi.

­ ­­– Satybaldy shekaradan bir molla tauyp kelgen eken, ol qyz-qatyndardy da oqytamyn dep jatypty, bir sholaq etek jadigóy siyaqty, ­ - dep ósek taratyp, kýlkige ainaldyrady.

Yntaly, kókiregi oyau, jas oqytushy búl ósekpen shatyma, shaqpa tilderge, sayqy mazaqtargha tótet berip, jasyp-jabyghudyng ornyna búrynghydan da qayrattanyp, jigerlene týsedi. Ghylym men bilimge, janalyqqa jany qúshtar Satybaldy Qalimollanyng búl әreketin barynsha qoldan, quattaydy. Mektep ýshin arnayy ýy tiktirip, auyldaghy oqugha tiyisti úl-qazdardy jinap, oqugha úiymdastyrady.

Qalimolla ózi qúrastyrghan oqu-oqytugha qatysty materialdar men dayyndaghan oqulyghy arqyly jýeli týrde bilim beru isin bastap ketedi. «Júmystyng nәtiyjeli boluy bastaluynan, halyqtyng jaqsy boluy basqaruynan» degendey, búl isting sәtti bastalyp, jaqsy basqarylyp, ayaq alysynyng týzu ekendigin kórgen alghabasar adamdar oqu jasyna kelgen úl-qyzdaryn Qalimollagha oqugha beredi. Qaqang ózi mektep diyrektory (mýdir), ózi sabaq múghalimi bolyp, qúlshyna qyzmet isteydi. Nәtiyjesinde irgetasy janadan qalanghan mektepting oqu-oqytu isteri jýelenip, sapa jaghynan kózge týse bastaghandyqtan Kýnesting (jer aty) bas-ayaghynan, tipti kórshiles audandaghy qúdandaly adamdar da balalaryn Qalimollanyng mektebine oqytady. Solardyng ishinde qytay qazaqtaryna tanymal Nýsipqan Kónbayúly, Ábeu Qúdyshúly siyaqty ziyalylar osy mektepting alghashqy týlekteri sanalady. Sonymen qatar Kýredegi ShueTangha (Qytaydaghy alghash ashylghan ped uchiliyshe) shәkirtteri Nýsiphan KÓNBAYÚLY, Ábeu QÚDYShÚLY, Nýrseyit JIYENÁLI, Ábdir KERIMBEK, Núrahmet SATYBALDY, Ábdurasyl JAYPAQ; Jәlelhan BAYENBEK, Ázirbek QANATBEK qatarly oqushylardy jiberip, qogham qayratkeri bolyp tanyluyna jol ashady. Keybireu ýlken qyzmetterding tizginin ústady. Olardyng bilimdi de, bilikti azamat bolyp shyghuyna, halqyna adal qyzmet etuine kóp septigi tiygen. Sol isi arqyly: «Qanday oqytushy bolsa, sonday oqushy bolady» degendi isimen dәleldegen.

Qalimollanyng sol kezdegi tanym, týsinikti búzyp, Satybaldy auylynyng úl-qyzdaryn janasha baghytta oqytuy nәtiyjesinde ol  auyly «Molla auyl» dep atalady. Auyldyng er balalarymen qatar, Kýlsim, Zúbayda, Zúhriya, Áyim, Ásiya siyaqty qyzdary da mol bilimdi bolyp, elding maqtanyshyna ainalady.

Satybaldy Qalimollanyng aqkónil, adamgershilikti, ashyq-jarqyn minezdi, talantty azam ekendigin baghalap, onyng osy ónirde, tipti, óz auylynda túraqtap qaluyn oilaydy. Sonymen Qalimollagha osy oiyn aitady. Satybaldynyng ishki oiyn qúp kórgen Qalimolla da:

– Eger meni mәngi túraqtap qal deseng ózine ini, әkene bala bolayyn. Kenje qaryndasyng Áuejandy nekelep qos, – dep úsynys bildiredi.

Satybaldynyng kenje qaryndasy Áuejan zerek, on sausaghynan óner tamghan isimer, qolynan kelmeytini joq sheberligimen el kózine týsip otyrghanymen 7 jasynda qarajel auruymen auyryp, til-qúlaghy kemtar bolyp qalghan edi. Búl jaghdaydy Qalimollagha aityp, kenes salady. Qalimolla ekilenbesten onyng zerdeliligin oilap, otbasyn qúryp kete alatyndyghyna senim bildiredi. Satybaldy Qalimollagha asyqty jilik ústatyp, basyna ýy tigip, bauryna qazan asyp, qaryndasyn qalynsyz qosyp, Qalimollany Núrbekting bir otbasy etip ornalastyrady.

Qalimolla Áuejangha sanyrau, saqaular әlippesin qúrastyryp, oqytyp, sauatyn ashady. Ol kisining 70 jastan asyp, baqigha ketkenshe mollanyng oqytqany dep qúran oqyp, hat jazyp, oiyn tolyq jetkizip otyratynyn kórgen aqsaqaldardan jii estigenmin.

Satybaldy da Qalimollany әri ini, әri dos, әri ústaz retinde baghalap, aqyl-kenes alyp túrghan. Onyng yqpalynda sol tústaghy Qazaqstanda shyghatyn gazet-jurnaldargha jazylyp, sayasat pen ghylymnan habar tauyp otyrghan. Sonyng ishinde «ayqap» jurnalynyng biraz sandary Satybaldynyng úrpaqtarynyng qolynda keyinge deyin saqtalghan.

Qalimolla túrmysy ornyqqanan keyin oqu-oqytudyng jana betin ashyp, búrynghy kóshpeli kiyiz ýili mektepti túraqty, kemeldi oqu ornyna ainaldyrudy qolgha alady. Ol 1919 jyly Almalydaghy (jer aty) Jinishke say auzynan aghashtan 6 bólmeli mektep saldyru men topyraqtan qorghan ainaldyra qorghan soqtyrady. Kirpishten bes bólmeli ýy saldyrady. Qorshalghan aulagha bede egip, sol ónirdegi júrt bile qoymaghan kókónis, kóktattardyng túqymyn tauyp әkelip, ósirip, eldi otyraqtanyp tirshilik etuge bastaydy. Aghash egip, bau-baqsha ósirip, qarapayym monsha salyp, qyr qazaghyn tanghaldyrady. Qalimolla otyraqtasudyng paydasyn osylay kórsetumen qatar, onyng paydaly jaqtaryn jalyndy jyrlarymen de órnekteydi. Ol «Qazaghyma» degen óleninde:

Kýnes, Tekes, Qastaghy,
Kóshpeli qazaq balasy,
Aqyldyng kózin jiberip,
Aqualyna qarashy.
Qatardan qalyp qor bolmaq,
Birlik joq elding balasy.
Kóp edi qazaq jerinin
Ózen, su, adyr, dalasy,
Ornamadyq qala sap,
Joqta eshkimning talasy.
Búl jerden qazaq aiyrylsa,
Sodan song qayda barady,
Joq bolyp keter qanghyryp
Keyingi bala-shaghasy.
Oylanar mezgil boldy ghoy,
Bar bolsa júrttyng sanasy.
Bilersinder qanday dep,
Mening aitqan múnymdy.
Úghyndyryp kóreyin,
Oylaghan ishki syrymdy.
Áueli myqtap ústa ghyl,
Ózinning tútqan dinindi.
Basqadan myqty bolasyn,
Kóp oqysang ghylymdy.
Medrese, mektep saldyryp,
Jaqsartqyn tirlik kýnindi.
Zamanagha ýilesip,
Ýirengin óner, bilimdi.
Bizderden basqa halyqtyn,
Esepke bәri ilindi.
Bizderde túrmay izdelik,
Tabugha óner, bilimdi.
Aqylyndy salyp qazaghym,
Jasyrmay aitshy shynyndy.
Noghay, orys jarylma,
Qalada ósip, tuyldy.
Kóshpendi qazaq kórsetshi,
Milliongha jetken pulyndy (aqsha).

Qalimolla múghalim múnday ólenderding órnegin toqyp, talayyn tolghap oqushylaryna jattatyp, mektepte jiyn-toptarda mәnerlep oqytyp, oryndatyp, júrtty yntyqtyryp otyrghan.

Qalimollanyng mektebinde birneshe synyp bolyp, jýzden astam oqushy oqyghan. Olardy synyp, synypqa bólip, barlyghyn kýn-týn demey ózi dayyndalyp, tapsyrma berip, ony tekserip otyrghan. Jaqsy jaza alatyn, oqugha yntalylaryn tandap alyp, bilimin satylap kóteruge kýsh salghan. Atalghan mektepte oqyghandar tek sauat ashyp qalmastan, sol tústaghy joghary oqu oryndaryna týsip, qoghamdyq-әleumettik qyzmetterge belsene aralasqan. Sol qatarda Nýsipqan KÓNBAEV, Ábek QÚDYSh, Sarqytbek SÁDUAQAS, Medeu QÚDYSh, Ospanqan BAZARBEK, Qaliybek SAURYQ, Esimqan JETPISBAY siyaqtylardy airyqsha ataugha bolady. Býginge Kýnes audanyndaghy Almaly mektebining arghy tegi, týp tórkini 1910 jyly Qalimolda BEKTORLIN qúrghan mektepten bastau alghan.

Qalimolla tek ózi ghana Almaly mektebin qúryp, bala oqytyp qalmastan, Qazaqstanda túrghan kezinde birge oqyghan tatar dosy Áslam, Salahy deytin oqyghan, bilimdi azamattardy Kýnesting әr jerinen ashyla bastaghan mektepterge múghalimdikke tanystyryp, bolashaghyna jol núsqap otyrghan. Aytalyq, Áslamdy Quan zәngige tanystyryp, derbis ruynyng sady, bayan atalarynda ashylghan mektepke oqytushy etip ornalastyrady. Mynbay molla, Túrysbay Álimahyn, Shiyrbay syndy bilimdi adamdar osy mektepten taghlym alyp, oyqyp shyqqandardyng bir bólimi ghana. Al Sәlahidy Estemes aqalaqshygha tanystyryp, Estemes mektebine múghalim etip jiberedi. Araltóbe, narttaghy (jer attary) soltangeldi ruynan shyqqan Qanatbek, Uan, Syrayylbek, Ómirbek, Omaraqyn siyaqty kózqaraqty bilimdi adamdar osy mektepten oqyp shyqqan. Demek, Qalimolla Kýnes ónirine aghartudyng shamyn jaqqan alqauly adam.

Ómir tәjiriybesi mol, kóz ayasy keng aghartushy Qalimolla ózi jasaghan ortadaghy qoghamdyq tensizdikti, ondaghy atqa miner, paraqor, juan-júdyryqtardyng zorlyq-zombylyghyn barynsha synap, júrtty әdilettilikke shaqyryp, joq-jitik qauymgha jaqtas bolady. Soghan oray kóptegen ólender shygharyp, ony oqushylaryna jattatyp, el arasyna taratyp, kópti janalyqqa jetelep otyrady.

Mәnsap dese, malyn tókken,
Júmysy joq jarlymen.
Para dese aryn tókken,
Jemenqordyng qarny ken.
Zәngi, bolys deme qazir,
Úrlyq qylar әz bir shetten,
Kýnde, elubasy (mansap aty) qúr qalama.
Shyghyn salyp, alys kópten,
Ádilet bolsa qor bolmas ed.
Tәkapparsyz bolyp ken,
Bosana almay kedeyler jýr.
Moynyna asyp kýrek, ketpen,
Jany ashymay halqyna onyn.
Dәneme joq әdiletten,
Qaytyp qazaq onalady.
Jýre berse osy betpen,
Týzeter dep ýmit etem,
Shaghym aityp ýkimetten, – dep jazady.

Qalimolla 1930 jyldary Qazaqstangha baryp, búrynghy dostarynyng (Alashtyqtar) kómegimen taghy da 2,3 jyl qaytalay bilim tolyqtyrady. Sol arqyly janasha oqu baghdarlamasyn, әdisin, jolyn iygeredi. Kóptegen tәjiriybe jinaqtap, tórt qorjyn oqulyq kitabyn arqalap, Qaljat shekarasynan Qytaygha ótip bara jatqan jolynda badyraqtardyng (tonaushylardyn) shabuylyna úshyrap, kitap, at-tonynan aiyrylady. Ol óte namysqoy adam bolghandyqtan jol boyyndaghy auyldardan jaghdayyn jasyryp, ýsh jýz shaqyrym alystaghy Kýneske jayau tartady. Aryp-ashqan jayau jýrginshi bir kýni abaysyzda aghyny qatty ózenge jolyghyp, tereng qoygha biraq qúlaydy. Jantalasyp jýrip, ózennen shyqqanymen qatty shoshynghannyng saldarynan jýregine zaqym keledi. Auylgha aman-esen kelgenimen bir ay tósek tartyp jatyp, jasy da, bilimi de kemeldengen shaghynda: «Eng bolmasa, 3 jyl tiri bolghanda qyzaygha, bolmaghanda begimbetke, joq degende soqyrtәnikke bilim nәrin seuip keter edim», – dep armandap jatyp qaytys bolady.

Material bergen: Imammúhamet Núrbekov.

Material, «Kýnes tarihy materialdary» atty kóptomdyqtyng 5-kitabynan alyndy.

Eskertu: Qalimolla BEKTORLINNING biraz óleni Andas Omaraqynúlynyng jinap, jazyp aluymen býginge jetip otyr. Ony aldaghy uaqytta úsynamyz.

Materialdy krilshege týsirip, úsynghan Qajet Andas.

Jalghasy bar...

Abai.kz