Últ tarihy - úzyn sonarly, týrli kezenderden, joldardan ótken, qily-qily zamandardy bastan keshken tariyh. Al Alash tarihy, Alash qozghalysy - últ tarihynyng tolghaqty, taghylymdy kezeni. Alash qozghalysyna qatysty әrbir derek biz ýshin manyzdy boluy tiyis. Óitkeni, búl últ-azattyq qozghalys halqymyzdy úiystyrugha, derbes memleket qúrugha, eng bastysy - últymyzdyng ruhyn kóteruge arnalghan úly shara edi. Tәuelsizdik alghan jyldan beri qaray Alash qozghalysy turaly jýieli zertteuler jýrgizilip keledi. Búl qúptarlyq qadam. Óitkeni osy aituly qozghalystyng tarihyn tanu - halqymyz jýrip ótken joldardy saralaumen birge, últtyq bolmysymyzdy janghyrtu, janartu, týgendeu bolatyndyghy sózsiz. Osy salamen týbegeyli, jýieli týrde shúghyldanyp, zerttep jýrgen barysta ótken jyly birneshe ghasyrlyq tamasha tarihy bar, talay-talay túghyrly túlghalardyng tamyrly izi qalghan Sankt-Peterburg uniyversiytetinde arnayy bolghan edik. Ondaghy maqsat - osy ordaly oqu ornynda HH ghasyrdyng basynda bilim alghan ýrkerdey top, qazaq ziyalylaryna qatysty tyng derekter izdestiru, tabu bolatyn. Bizdi uniyversiytet preziydenti, ziyat bilim iyesi, zerdeli ghalym Ludmila Alekseevna Verbiskaya zor iltipatpen qarsy aldy. Kisiligi men kishipeyildiligin teng ústaghan, meni kem, aldy kenjaysang túlgha resmy qalyptan shyghyp, riyasyz peyil tanytyp, issapar barysyna oray jan-jaqty jaghday jasady. HIH ghasyrdaghy «qaranghy qazaq kóginen» «Aqqan júldyz» - úly Shoqannan keyingi tughan quatty tolqyn - J.Seydaliyn, J.Aqbaev, B.Syrttanov, A.Túrlybaev, R.Mәrsekov, t.b. qatysty osyndaghy múraghat qorynda saqtalghan materialdarmen tanysa otyryp, biraz tyng derekterding kózin ashtyq. Biz býgin solardyng ishinen halqymyzdan shyqqan alghashqy zang magistrlerining biri Jaqyp Aqbaevtyng Sankt-Peterburg uniyversiytetinde oqyghan jyldaryna baylanysty, jalpy bilim-ilim jolyndaghy talpynys-talabyna qatysty sóz qozghamaqpyz.

Aldymen J.Aqbaevtyng ómirbayany jayynda az derek. J.Aqbaev 1876 jyly 25 qazanda Semey oblysy, Qarqaraly uezi, Berikqara bolysy, №3 auylynyng Tónirektas degen jerinde dәuletti otbasynda tughan. 1886jyly Qarqaraly qalasyndaghy qazaq internatynda oqyp, 1889 jyly Omby gimnaziyasyna týsip, onda jeti jyl, onan keyin Tomsk gimnaziyasyna auysyp onda birjyl oqyp, 1898 jyly bitirip shyghady da, Sankt-Peterburg uniyversiytetining zang fakulitetine týsedi. Ony 1903jyly 1-dәrejeli diplommen bitirip shyghady. JOO-da oqyp jýrgende ilim-bilimning әr salasyn mengeruge talaptanady. Adamnyng este ústau qabileti men faktilerdi eksheuding әdis-tәsilderin jete mengeru ýshin Odessa qalasyndaghy mnemonika professory S.Faynshteynnen dәris tyndaugha jәne Sankt-Peterburgtegi Arheologiya institutyna oqugha týsuge uniyversiytet basshylaryna ótinish te jazady. Memlekettik synaq komissiyasynda «Qazaqtardyng nekelik qúqyghy» atty taqyrypty qorghaugha bekitip alady. Keyin osy taqyrypty týrmede otyrghanda ary qaray jalghastyryp, keneytip, 1907jyly Orys geografiyalyq qoghamynyng Semey bólimshesining jazbalarynda jariyalaydy. JOO bitirisimen Omby sot palatasyna qyz-metke túrady. 1905 jylghy tamyzda Omby qalasyndaghy 2-uchaskening bitimshi soty bolady.1907-1927 jyldary azdaghan ýzilistermen Semey, Syrdariya okrugtik guberniyalyq sottarynda qyzmet atqardy. Reseydegi tórt ókimet tarapynan qughyn-sýrginge úshyrady. 1919 jylghy shildede aq qazaqtardyng dalalyq soty atugha ýkim shyghardy. Qarqaraly, Semey, Omby, Almaty týrmelerine qamalyp, әldeneshe ret jer audaryldy. Kenes ókimeti ornaghan song ol Semey gubrevkomynyng zang bóliminde júmys istep, onyng etene aralasuymen guberniya boyynsha sot-tergeu uchaskeleri qúrylady. Biraz uaqyt Semey kenestik halyq sotynyng mýshesi bolady, Qarqaraly uezdik halyqqa bilim beru bóliminde, Semeyde әrtýrli qyzmetter atqarady. J. Aqbaev basqa da Alash qayratkerleri siyaqty stalindik zobalangha týsip, Voronejge jer audarylyp, ol jaqtan auruyna baylanysty elge qaytarylyp, 1934 jyly 4 shildede Almatyda qaytys bolady.
Sóz bastabynda nysangha alynghan negizgi taqyrybymyzgha kóshpes búryn, biz J.Aqbaev ómirine qatysty qosymsha, biraq keyipkerimizding bekzat bolmysyn ashugha airyqsha ýlesi bar degen oimen myna bir derekke, taghylymdy tәmsilge oqyrman nazaryn audara ketsek pe deymiz. Jaqyp aghanyng ómirlik serigi - tatar qyzy Gýlbaghar Bekmetova, qayyn júrty - әigili Bekmetovter әuleti ekeni belgili. Bekmetovtar әuleti óz zamanynda Qazaqstannyng qoghamdyq jәne ekonomikalyq ómirine belsene aralasqan, últtyq salt-dәstýrlerdi jete mengergen. HIH ghasyrda auqatty saudager Haliolla Hamiytúly Bekmetov (1833-1903) saldyrghan Haliolla ýii, Bekmetov ýii qazirde Qarqaraly qalasyndaghy tarih jәne mәdeniyet eskertkishi, memleket qamqorlyghyna alynghan. X. Bekmetov týrmelerge qamqorlyqtyng Qarqaraly bólimshesinin, Qoyandy jәrmenkelik komiytetining mýshesi bolghan. Haliollanyng inisi Múhammed (Maqsút) Bekmetov Qazaqstandaghy әleumettik tendik jolyndaghy qozghalysqa belsene aralasqan. Haliolla Bekmetov agha súltan Qúnanbay Óskenbayúlymen dos bolyp, jii aralasyp túrghan. Ádil de adaldyghymen tanylghan Haliollany Qarqaraly halqy bitimshi by etip saylaghan. Qalada meshit, medrese ýilerin saldyryp, osy aimaqta ken kózderin ashugha kóp enbek sinirgen. Qúnanbay Qarqaralydaghy meshitti saldyrarda onyng jobasy men túrghyzylatyn ornyna baylanysty Bekmatovpen aqyldasyp otyrghan. Haliolla qaladaghy Qúnanbay meshiti ghana emes, 1910 j. Sankt-Peterburgte salynyp, iske qosylghan músylmandar meshitine de qarjylay kóp kómek kórsetken. Haliollanyng keyin «Kók ýi» atalyp ketken, eshqanday shege qaghylmay, birynghay bóreneden qiilastyrghan ýiine Abay bala kezinen baryp túrghan. Abay Bekmetov kitaphanasyn da paydalanghan. Jas aqynnyng múnda kelgen әr sapary oiyn-sauyqpen ótken. 1977 j. qazir balalar baqshasy retinde paydalanylatyn Xaliolla ýiining qabyrghasyna memorialdyq taqta ornatyldy. Mine, osy Haliollanyng qyzy Gýlbaghargha Jaqyptyng ata-anasy qúda týsedi. Biraq erke ósken, búla súlu, kerbez qyz qara taban qazaq balasyn mensinbegendey synay tanytady, «men qazaqqa tiymeymin» dep búldanady. Sodan birde Jaqyp Qarqaralydaghy qazirgi Abay múrajayy ornalasqan ýiding aldyna kelip pәueskeden týsip jatady. Tughannan erekshe symbatty, kelbetti, kirpiyaz jigit - qolynda trostiyk, basynda shlyapa, ayaghynda tufly - europasha kiyingen Jaqyp beynesi - óz bólmesining terezesinen kórip qalghan qyrmyzy qyzgha erekshe әser etse kerek. Ayaq astynda sabyrdan airylghan ol, as ýide jýrgen sheshesine jýgirip kelip, «men myna qazaqqa tiyetin shygharmyn» dep alqyna jauap beripti...
Keyinde Reseyden, Omby shaharynan oralyp kele jatyp, týrli dәri-dәrmekter satyp alady da, auylgha jetken song bir top qara siraq qazaq balalaryn jinap alyp, zayybyna olardyng ayaghyn jughyzady eken. Sodan song әlgi dәri-dәrmektermen em-dom jasatady. Osy kóriniske qyr basynda erekshe peyilmen qyzyqtay qarap jatyp, «Kiyikbaydyng balalary (Kiyikbay - Jaqyp aghanyng atategi - avt.), maghan razy shygharsyndar, Bekmetovting qyzyna ayaqtaryndy jughyzdym, odan artyq senderge ne kerek?» dep mәz bolady eken...
Álqissa, Sankt-Peterburg uniyversiyteti. Jaqyp Aqbaev sonary... Uniyversiytet múraghatyndaghy tónkeriske deyingi qújattar keyinnen Sankt-Peterburg memlekettik múraghatyna jiberilipti. Pskovkaya, 18 meken-jayynda ornalasqan búl mekemede «Imperatorlyq Sankt-Peterburg uniyversiytetining studenti Jaqyp Aqbaev isi» №1099 retpen saqtalghan eken. №14 qordyng №3 jazbasyndaghy is 1898 jyly bastalyp, 1918 jyly ayaqtalghan.
J.Aqbaev óz qolymen toltyrghan, Sankt-Peterburg memlekettik múraghatynda saqtalghan ómirbayanynda: «Men 1886 jyly Qarqaralydaghy qazaq internatyna oqugha týstim, 1888 jyly Omby gimnaziyasyna tirkeldim, keyin birneshe jyldan keyin Tom qalasyndaghy gimnaziyagha auysyp, ony 1898 jyly bitirdim» dep jazady.Sankt-Peterburg uniyversiytetining múraghatynda saqtalghan attestatynda:«J.Aqbaevtyng Tom gimnaziyasynda okyghan jyldary tәrtibi óte jaqsy boldy, sabaqqa jaqsy dayyndalyp, jaqsy qatysty, jazba júmystardy jaqsy oryndady, oqugha yqylasty, bilimge yntasy jaqsy» dep kórsetilgen. Attestatta aishyqtalghanday, fizika, matematika pәnderinen, logika men tarihtan, geografiyadan óte jaqsy baghalar alghan. Sodan son, jogharyda aitqanymyzday, sol 1898 jyly Sankt-Peterburg uniyversiytetining zang fakulitetine oqugha týsedi. Búl fakulitet Reseydegi bedeldi oqu oryndarynyng biri retinde, dәl sol kezde ataghy keng taraghan edi. Onda asa bilikti ústaz-ghalymdar dәris oqyghan. Uniyversiytet tarihynda atap kórsetilgenindey, orystyng memlekettik qúqyghynan V. Milutiyn, diplomatiyadan I. Ivanovskiy, azamattyq qúqyq pәninen K. Nevolin men K. Kaveliyn, orystyng qylmystyq jәne polisiyalyq qúqyghynan Ya. Barshev, qylmystyq qúqyq pәninen әigili V. Spasovich, taghy basqalary ústazdyq etken. Búlardyng barlyghy Resey ghylymynda, uniyversiytet tarihynda óshpes iz qaldyrghan ónegeli ghalymdar sanatynan.
Sankt-Peterburgte J.Aqbaev Aleksandrovsk danghyly boyyndaghy 7-ýiding 3-pәterinde jatyp oqidy. Alghashqy jyldary Jaqyptyng janynda odan bir kurs joghary oqyghan Aydarhan Túrlybaev birge túrady. A.Túrlybaev esimi de HH ghasyr basyndaghy qazaq ziyalylary, Alash qayratkerleri qatarynda zor qúrmetpen atalady. Áuelden syilas, dos-jar bolghan eki túlghanyng joly keyin qyzmetke aralasqan jyldary da toghysyp otyrady. Aydarhan úzaq jyldar Omby qalasynyng zang oryndarynda qyzmet etken. Ol jóninde naqtyly jazba derekter bar. Al jogharyda atalghan Aleksandrovsk danghyly óz zamanynda Resey astanasynyng negizgi kóshelerining biri sanalatyn. Múnda negizinen oqymysty-ghalymdar, bay-kópester, qala sheneunikteri túratyn bolghan. Biz búl ýige de arnayy bardyq. Qazirde Dobrolubov kóshesi atalady. Jaqyp aghanyng jalyndy jastyq jyldary ótken ýiding syrt sәuletine kóz tigip túryp, taghy bir kónil tolqyttyq...
Uniyversiytet qabyrghasyndaghy alghashqy jyly J.Aqbaevqa 400 rubli stiypendiya taghayyndalghan. Sonday-aq múraghatta «Dalalyq ólke bastyghynyng onyng kiyim-keshek alugha qarjy bólu jóninde jasaghan ótinishin qanaghattandyrmaghany, kiyim-keshek stiypendiya esebinen jýrgiziluge tiyis ekendigin algha tartqandyghy; soghan oray Uniyversiytet kensesining Semey oblysynyng studenti, stiypendiat Jaqyp Aqbaevqa jәrdemaqy berui»jónindegi de jazba bar (Omby oblystyq memlekettik múraghaty, №5136 is, 17 qazan 1898 j.).
Jalpy, jogharyda atap ótkenimizdey, Jaqyp aghanyng ózi de dәuletti otbasynan shyqqan, qayyn júrtynyng kómegi, qamqorlyghy óz aldyna bir sala. Sondyqtan da aqsha-qarjy jóninen kóp múqtajdyq kórmegen. Soghan qaramay, ornyqty minezdi, alghyr jigit altyn uaqytyn, alghan qarjysyn serilik-seltenge zaya ketirmey, jan-jaqty bilim alugha júmsaghan. Joghary oqu ornynda Jakyptyng tabighy daryny barynsha ashylyp, talapty da tәlimdi shәkirt retinde tanylghan. Sonyng bir ghana mysaly, qyrdaghy qiyrdan  kelgen studentting ghylymy júmysyna uniyversiytet rektory, belgili zanger A.X. Golimsten ózi jetekshilik etken. Adolif Hristianovich Golimsten (1848-1920) - zamanynda zan-qúqyq salasynda ózindik bet-bedeli bar bilikti ghalym, azamattyq qúqyq jәne ýderis pәni boyynsha birqatar salmaqty enbekter jazyp qaldyrghan. 1899-1903 jyldary atalmysh uniyversiytetting rektory bolghan.Bir aita keterligi, A.H. Golimsten jogharyda atalghan A.Túrlybaevtyng da ghylymy júmysyna jetekshi bolghan.
Uniyversiytet qabyrghasynda J.Aqbaev Rim qúqyghy tarihy, Orys qúqyghy tarihy, memleket, shirkeu, polisiya qúqyghy, sayasy ekonomika, statistika, azamattyq qúqyq jәne sot óndirisi, qylmystyq qúqyq jәne sot óndirisi, qarjy qúqyghy, halyqaralyq qúqyq, qúqyq ensiklopediyasy, qúqyq filosofiyasy tarihy syndy pәnderden dәris alady. Osy orayda aita ketetin bir jayt, bizkeyingi uaqytqa deyin Jaqyp Aqbaevty zanger retinde ghana tanyp keldik. Ras, J.Aqbaev - qazaqtan shyqqan alghashqy zang magistrlerining biri.Sonday-aq ol uniyversiytet qabyrghasynda jýrip tylsymy túnghiyq tarih salasyna barlau jasaghan. Zang fakulitetindegi 4-kursta oqy jýrip, 1901 jyldyng tamyz aiynan bastap Arheologiya institutynda qosymsha dәris alghan. Búl jóninde saqtalghan eki qújat bar. Birinshisinde bylay dep jazylghan: «Búl dәieknama Imperatorlyq Sankt Peterburg uniyversiytetining studenti Jaqyp Aqbaevqa, Sankt-Peterburg Arheologiya institutyna tapsyru ýshin berildi, sebebi, uniyversiytet bastyqtary tarapynan onyng atalghan institutta dәris tyndauyna eshqanday bóget joq». Osylaysha negizgi oqu ornynan resmy rúqsat alghan J. Aqbaev ekinshi bilimdi de erkin iygeredi. AtalmyshArheologiya instituty da asa bedeldi ghylymy ortalyq әri akademiyalyq oqu orny edi. Oghan basqa oqu oryndaryn bitirgender týsip, eki jyl okityn bolghan. J.Aqbaevta múnda eki jyl oqyghan. Oghan kelesi jyly dәljogharydaghy mazmúndaghy, 1902 jyly tamyzda berilgen ekinshi dәieknamany dәlel retinde keltirugebolady.
Sonday-aq J.Aqbaev Kiyevtegi Imperatorlyq Áulie Vladimir uniyversiytetinde oqugha da niyet etken. Ol jóninde de múraghat jazbalarynda naqtyly derekter bar (Imperatorlyq Áulie Vladimir uniyversiyteti rektorynyng №6255 qatynas qaghazy, 15 qarasha 1901 j.).
Jaqyp Aqbaev auylda, qazaq saqarasynda ótkizetin jazghy demalys uaqytynda da ózin oqyghan, bayypty, bolashaq kýresker retinde tanyta bilgen. El arasyn indettey jaylaghan zorlyq-zombylyqqa, zansyzdyqqa qatysty óz oiyn ashyq bildirip otyrghan. Ádiline arasha týsken, tarazy bolghan. Oghan mysal retinde, 1900 jyly shilde aiynda Semey okrugtik kensesine mynaday mazmúndaghy shaghym hat týskenin keltire ketsek te jetkilikti bolar: «Qarqaraly uezinde túratyn qazaq Jaqyp Aqbaev poshtabay Bәken Óteulinge, Berikqqara bolysynan ótip bara jatqan tústa óreskel minez-qúlyq kórsetken, óz isin alansyz  atqarugha kedergi keltirgen...» Anyghynda әlgi atshabar Aqtay Baqaev degen qyr qazaghynyng attaryn laugha dep zansyz quyp alghan eken...Alatalmysh atshabar el arasynda syiymsyz, әperbaqan, aralyq adam bolsa kerek. Búdan el ýstinen kýn kórip jýrgen, «baryp-kel shauyp kelge» ýirengen «mәttaqymdargha» jas Jaqyptyng batyl toytarys berip otyrghanyn, qara halyqtyng jaghynda bolghanyn, solardyng mún-múqtajyn joqtaghanyn kóremiz.
Resey astanasynda oqyghan jyldary Jakannyng sayasy kózqarastary da demokratiyalyq arnada qalyptasady. Patshanyng monarhiyalyq biyligi, paraqor ýkimet apparatynyng әdiletsizdigi jas jigitke oy salyp, óz halqynyng túrlauly taghdyry, baylausyz bolashaghy tolghandyrady. Sankt-Peterburgte Jaqyp myrza ozyq oily azamattarmen jaqyn aralasyp, syrlas-pikirles bolady. Múnday jyly shyrayly kezdesulerde memleket qúrylymyn konstitusiyalyq jolmen ózgertu, әdiletsiz biylikke qarsylyq kórsetu jóninde sayasy әngimeler qozghalady. Uniyversiytet qabyrghasynda jýrip J.Aqbaev eki maqala jazyp jariyalaydy. Onyng biri - «Sankt-Peterburgskie vedomosti» gazetinde jaryq kórgen, ýkimetting salyq sayasatyn synaghan maqalasy. Keyin maqala qazaqshagha audarylyp, «Dala uәlәyaty» gazetining 1900 jylghy 12 sanynda qayta basylady. Jaqyp aghanyng sol kezding ózinde-aq qalyptasyp qalghan zeyin-zerdesi, parasat-payymyna derek-dәiek retinde maqalanyng qysqasha núsqasyn keltire ketsek pe deymiz.

STUDENT JAQYP AQPAEV JIBERGEN EKEN
«PETERBURG VEDOMOSY» DEGEN GAZETTING REDAKSIYaSYNA
(Qaranyz 69-nómirin)

56-nómerinde 27 fevralida ýshbu jylda sizding gazetinizde kórindi, Semey oblysyna qaraghan Óskemen oyazynan jibergen hat. Hat jiberushining aitqandarynyng bәrine riza bolmasam da oghan qarsy kelip búzbaymyn. Sonda da aitqandaryna qosymsha qyp óz oiymdaghyny aitamyn. Búl aitylmysh jauap turalarynan hat jazushy eki-ýsh mәrte kózimen kórip bayqaghanynday, ýy basyna tegis qyp salatúghyn alym-shyghyn turasynan bolghan zúlymdyqtary tezlikpen múnday ýy iyelerine zúlymdyqpen alym salghandaryna kuә aitady. Búl uaqyttaghy shyghyn bolar tәrtipter týzu emes deydi. Búrynghy alym salyp jýrgen tәrtipter jónderi jaqsy edi dep aitady.
Men óz jaghymnan búl aitylghandaryn jay bir orynsyz, dәlel joq sóz dep bilgenimnen song eki týrli tәrtip jónderin salystyryp kórelik. Áueli bolghan tәrtip uaqytynda, 1898 jyldan búryn, әrbir ýy iyesine alym salynghanda elu basylar starshindarymen birigip salushy edi. Sonyng ýshin ýy iyelerine bas aitqan búiryqtaryn ornyna bey-jay keltirushi edi, qarsy kelmeyinshe. 1898 jyldan bastap jәne tәrtip jónderin jýrgizgennen keyin basqa týr, jónderge týsip ketti, alym bolulary elu basylardyng ýy iyelerimen birge bolatúghyn bolyp birlesip. Búl tәrtip boyynsha, sezd bolghan jerge ýy iyeleri de keletúghyn boldy keregine kóre. Áueli hisabyn beru ýshin anyqtap, ekinshi, vybornaylaryn saylau ýshin. Búl isterding bәri de bolsa kerek oyaznyy nachalinik pen podatnoy inspektor aldynda.
Mal esepterin, vybornaylardy saylamay túryp tәptishtep jazyp bitirip koyady (kóbinese vybornaylyqqa baylardy saylap qoyady). Sol sebepti, әlbette, bas adamy baylar olardy saylap alghansha ýy iyelerining yqtiyarynda bolady. Berikqara elininqazaqtarynyng sózderinen Qarqaraly oyazyna qaraghan Semey oblysynyn bastary Ábish Aqtayúghlymen qoyylar óz oiynsha. Aq patshanyng qamqorlyghy jarlygha qylghan alymdy birdey qyp salugha halderine karay. Árneshik qylatúghyn zúlymdaryna karsy kelmeymin, birak kórsetemin ne sebepti bishara qyr oblysynyng qazaqtary memleketting marhabaty órnekterine qaramay útylyp qalghandar anyq zúlymdyqtyng astynda qalysqannan keyin basylyp. Mysaly, búlardyn bәri jәne tәrtip jónderimen hәm maldarynyng hisabyna qaray alym-shyghyn qosatúghyndaryn oqymaghandarynan kóremiz. Shynymen búl janylysqandary keleshek saylauda bolmasa kerek dep. Sebebi qyr jaylaryn bayqap qarap jýrgen ekspedisiya bolsa kerek. Mysaly, tóre aksha salu jónderi maldaryn eseptep, mal hisabyna qaray bolatúghyn bolyp ketti, ainalyp qyr jaylaryna. Ótirik jayylyp ketken habarlar ekspedisiya qazaqtargha jer bólip beredi, maldarynyng hisabyna qaray degen. Mine, sonyng ýshin jarly qazaqtar ózderining qystaularyn ózderine qaldyru ýshin ekspedisiya arqyly maldaryn eki ese kóp qylyp kórsetken. Baylary olardan góri bilimderi artyq tolghan sebepteri basqa týrli qyp az aityp kórsetken. Búlarynyng aqyry jarly bayqústargha auyr tiyip hәm ózderining qylghan janylystaryn kótere almay jәne týzete almay, әren-әreng shatasyp kýtip túrady, biylghy kelmish saylauda baylargha tәnir jarylqasyn aityp, olardyng qylghan jәbirligine mýlde qatty tyiyp qaytarmaqtaryna.
Árkimning haline qaray alym salghannyng ras jaqsy, әdildik paydaly ekenine hәm osynday bolularyna óz erkimen etken son, әdildikti ondatpay qoyady. Óz kózimmen kórgendigim, jaz birge ghúmyr etip jýrgendigime qaray, ózimning nashar, bishara qaryndastarym halyqty kórsetip aityp túr, mal hisabyna qaray salghan alym-shyghyn tura bayqalady, olardyng erikterining barlyghymen nashardyng halderining ketkendigine kóre aman bolularynyng isharatyna qaray.

Aytary joq, HH ghasyrdyng bas kezinde qazaq qoghamynda mýldem auyr jaghday qalyptasqany belgili. Reseylik әskeriy-monarhiyalyq basqaru jýiesi, qazaq jerining orys memleketining menshigi etip jariyalanuy, osyghan oray ishki Reseyden qonys audarushylar legining kýrt ósui, qazaq búqarasynyng zorlyqpen eginshilikke jaramdy jerlerden yghystyryluy, dәstýrli qazaq sharuashylyghynyng tereng daghdarysqa úshyrauy sol qalyptasqan jaghdaydyng naqty kórinisteri edi. Sol kezdegi qazaq qoghamy damuynyng kýn tәrtibinde qazaq halqynyng últ retinde joghaluy, ne ózin-ózi saqtauy ýshin kýreske shyghu mәselesi túrdy. Biraq endigi uaqytta jeke batyrlar bastaghan qol týzip, qaru asynyp kóteriliske shyghu nәtiyje bere qoymaytyn edi. Qalyptasqan jana sayasy ahualgha layyq jana kýres qúraldary, әdis-ayla qajet boldy, eng negizgisi halyqqa onyng aldynda túrghan negizgi maqsat-mýddelerin týsindirip jetkizetin, sóitip ony zaman talabyna say kýres qúraldarymen qarulandyryp, azattyq ýshin qoghamdyq qozghalysty bastap kete alatyn mýldem jana sayasiy-әleumettik kýshke súranys ýlken edi. Mine, osy orayda Alash qozghalysy payda boldy. Alash kósemderi Á.Bókeyhanov, A.Baytúrsynov, M.Dulatovtarmen birge J.Aqbaev ta osy úly qozghalystyng bastau kózinde túrdy.
Sóitip, Jaqyp Aqbaev 1903 jyly Peterburg uniyversiytetinin zang fakulitetin bitirip, birinshi dәrejeli diplom alady. «Jaqyp Aqbayúly Aqbaevtyng diplomy» Omby oblystyq memlekettik múraghatynda saqtalghan eken.Eskerte keteyik, J.Aqbaevqa birinshi dәrejeli diplom berilgen.Ol -ghylym magistrining dәrejesi. Bizge mәlim Baqytjan Qarataev, Rayymjan Mәrsekov, Ahmet Birimjanovtar ekinshi dәrejeli diplom alghan. Ol -qazirgi joghary bilim. Búdan jogharyda atalghan qayratkerlerdinataq-abyroyy kemip qalmaydy; bizding aitpaghymyz -shyndyq. Al diplomnyng sol kýiindegi mәtini mynaday:

DIPLOM

Popechiyteli S.Peterburskago uchebnogo okruga
Predsedateli yuridicheskoyispytatelinoy kamisssh
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№ 19153

Diplomdaghy «vesima udovletvoriytelino»degenimiz -qazirgishe «óte jaqsy»degen bagha, al «udovletvoriytelino»-«jaqsy»degenge sәikes keledi.
Búl arada sabyrmen oilap, zerdelep qarasanyz, diplomnynóz iyesine tiymegeni de kórinip túrghanday. Kazirgidey qaltagha salyp jýretin qatyrma emes, ol kezde diplom qyzmet ornynda saqtalatyn bolghan. Al diplom iyesining bilimi turaly maghlúmat onyng bas júmysynda (poslujnoy spisok) beriledi eken. Bas júmysy әri enbek kitapshasynyng ornyna jýrgen. Adam qay jerde memlekettik qyzmet atqarsa, bas júmysy sonynan erip jýredi. Bas júmysyna barlyq búiryq-jarlyq, alghys-sógis, tipti, syilyq berilgenine deyin tirkelip otyrady.
J.Aqbaevtynmúraghat qorynda saqtalghanbas júmysynda kórdik.
Birinshi jazu:
«Imperatorlyq Sankt-Peterburg uniyversiytetinde oqyp, zang ghylymynyng kursyn 1-dәrejeli diplommen bitirdi.
1903 jylgy 10 shildedegi № 24 búiryqpen Omby sot palatasyna sot qyzmetine kishi ýmitker (mladshiy kandidat -avt.,) retindeqabyldanyp, qylmysty ister departamentine ornalasty».
Ekinshi jazu: «1904 jylgy 8 mausymda Semey okrugtik sotynyng qarauyna jiberildi».
Ýshinshi jazu: «1904 jylgy 16 tamyzda keri shaqyrylyp, Tobyl okrugtik soty hatshysynyng kómekshiligine 22 tamyz kýni taghayyndaldy».
Eskerte keteyik, ol kezde joghary bilimdi zang mamanynyng ózin, meyli ol magistr bolsyn, eng tómengi kyzmetke taghayyndap, bes jyl synaqtan ótkizip, tәjiriybege qanyqtyratyn tәrtip bolghan. Jәne de bolashaq sot qyzmetkeri әri qylmystyq isterdi, әri azamattyq dau-sharlardy sheshuge mashyqtanghan. Adam taghdyryn sheshetin zang qyzmetkerining kózin qanyqtyryp, osylaysha barlyq satydan ótkizui dúrys ta shyghar...
Sonymen, últynyng úly qayratkerlerining biri, zanghar zanger Jaqyp Aqbaevtyng sayasiy-әleumettik qyzmeti osylaysha bastau alady. Onyng búdan keyingi taghdyr-talayy tynymsyz kýreske, otty oqighalargha toly bolghany belgili. Elining erteni ýshin esepsiz enbek sinirgen túlghanyng ómiri men qyzmetine qatysty merzimdi basylymdarda az jazylghan joq. Biz búl joly J.Aqbaevtyng Sankt-Peterburg uniyversiytetinde oqyghan jyldarghy ómiri, onyn, «bolar bala baspyn der...» demekshi, әuel bastan-aq sayasy kózqarasy berik, azamattyq ústanymy myqty túlgha bolyp qalyptasqanyn sóz etumen shektelgimiz keldi. Oghan siyrek múraghat materialdaryn derek-dәiek ettik. Osy orayda J.Aqbaevtyng bilim-ghylym jolyndaghy joryghyn qazirgi jas óskin jetkinshekterge, bolashaq mamandargha ýlgi-ónege etuge әbden túrarlyq.
Degenmen, sóz sonynda J.Aqbaevtyng qayratkerlik ómirinen de, Alash qozghalysyna qatysy jóninen de qysqasha mәlimet bere ketsek pe deymiz.
1905 jylghy shilde aiynda Omby qalasynda patsha әkimshilik oryndarynyng mәjilisi ótip, onda Dala ólkesining general-gubernatory Suhotin bas bolyp qazaq ókilderin Duma saylauyna qatystyrmau turaly mәsele qozghaydy. Mine, osy sheshimge qarsylyq retinde Á.Bókeyhanovtyng úiymdastyruymen,Qarqaraly uezining 42 qazaghy- ókiletti adamdary atynan patshagha 1905 jyly 22 shildede Aqbaevtyng qúrastyruymen jedelhat jiberiledi. 1905 jyly 17 qazandaghy patsha maniyfesinen keyin jer-jerde bostandyq, tendik, sóz erkindigi jóninde qyzu talas, mitingiler ótip jatty. Ile-shala osynday miting, sheruler 19 qazanda Omby qalasynda ótip, oghan Aqbaev qyzu kirisip ketedi. «Ýkimetke til tiygizgeni» ýshin ol qyzmetinen quylady. Artynan ol Kereku qalasy, Bayanauyl stanisasynda jiyndar ótkizip, patsha rejiymin shenegen sózder sóileydi. 1905jylghy 15-16 qarashadaQarqaralyqalasyndaótkenýlkenjiyndaoltaghy da jalyndysózsóileydi. Patshanynjergiliktiәkimshiligi«memlekettikqylmysistep, opasyzdyqjasady» degen jeleumen1906jylghy 11 qantardatútqyndap, Semeytýrmesinejóneltedi.Mine, osy kezden bastap J.Aqbaev patsha jәne Kenes ókimeti kezderinde ýnemi qughyn-sýrgindi, tepkini kóp kórip, abaqty-aydaudan kóz ashpady deuge bolady. Jetisu oblysynyng Qapal uezine 2 jylgha jer audarylady. Qayda jýrse de ol patsha sheneunikterining paraqorlyghyn, halyqqa jasaghan ozbyrlyghyn ýnemi әshkerelep otyrady. Qarqaraly uezindegi sharualar uchaskesining bastyghy Sylovtyng jәne de basqalardyng paraqorlyghyn әshkereleydi. Qapalda jýrgende de kelimsekterden qiyanat kórgen qazaqtardyng mýddelerin qorghap, osynda aidauda jýrgen K.Tógisovpen birlesip, sot barysynda әdil sheshim shygharugha yqpal jasaydy.
Aqbaevtyng patsha әkimshiligining joghary oryndaryna ózining jazyqsyz japa shegip, aidauda jýrgen merzimin qysqartyp, ne sot ýkimin búzu jónindegi aryz-shaghymdarynda (mysaly, senator graf Palenge jazylghan osy qújatty jәne Aqbaevqa qatysty basqa da materialdardy alghasht auyp, jariyalaghan belgili aqbaevtanushy-ghalym M.Qúl-Múhammed, sonymen qosa búl  taqyrypqa belgili qalamger, ghalym Z.Tayshybay da bayypty barlau jasaghan) ózining jeke basynyng mәseleleri kórinis tapqanday bolyp kóringenimen, shyn mәnisinde, ol qújattarda patsha әkimshiligining ozbyrlyq, zorlyq-zombylyq, zymiyandyq sayasaty, sheneunikterding paraqorlyghy, jer mәselesining ushyghuy siyaqty mәseleler kóterilgen. Aqpan tónkerisinen song 1917 jylghy 27 sәuir men 7 mamyr aralyghynda ótken Semey oblystyq qazaq sezin ótkizuge belsene aralasyp, onyng oblystyq komiytetining mýsheligine de saylanady, sol jylghy 24 qyr-kýiekte ótken kenesine de qatysady. 1917 jylghy shilde aiynda bolghan Jalpyqazaqtyq sezde Qúryltay jinalysqa deputattyqqa úsynylyp, al Jeltoqsandaghy sezde Alashorda ýkimetining mýsheligine ótedi. Azamat soghysy jyldary Kolchak jәne taghy basqa uaqytsha ókimetter ony birneshe reet abaqtyghajauyp, atu jazasyna da kesip, artynan ol ýkimdi búzyp, Aqbaevtyng basy shyraynalyp, Alashorda ýkimetining mýshesi retinde alash isine tolyqqandy bel sheshearalasu mýmkinshiliginen aiyrylady. J.Aqbaevtyng ómiri men qyzmeti, sayasy serikteri A. Baytúrsynov jәne J. Dosmúhamedov taghy basqa Alash ardagerlerimen ýndes keledi.
J.Aqbaev qazaqtyng әdet-ghúryp zandaryn, sonyng ishinde otbasy-neke qúqyghyn zerttep, baspasóz betinde publisistikalyq materialdar jariyalady. Ádet-ghúryp, neke-otbasy mәseleleri turaly kóptegen enbekter jazdy. Abay aulymen qonsy qonyp, jastayynan úly aqynnyng ólenderin jattap ósti. M.Áuezovting «Abay joly» romanyna sýienip, úly aqynnyng ómirining songhy kezinde ekeui jýzdesken deuge de tolyq negiz bar: úly dәuirnamanyng 4-kitabynda úshyrasatyn jas advokat Saqyp Saqpaevtyng prototiypi Jaqyp Aqbaev ekeni dau tudyrmasa kerek. 1909 jyly Abay jyrlarynyng Peterburgte kitap bolyp shyghuyna qolghabys jasady. «Qazaqstandaghy semiya-neke qatynastary» (1907), «Qazaqtyng shyghu tegi turaly» (1927) taghy basqa ghylymy zertteuleri Abaydyng qara sózderi men «Birer sóz qazaqtyng týbi qaydan shyqqany turaly» shygharmalarymen ýndesedi. Alashorda qozghalysyna belsene qatynasyp, Semeyde qyzmette jýrgen kezde M.Áuezovpen tetanys-bilis, pikirles, aralas-qúralas bolghan.

Bir sózben, Jaqyp Aqbaev -sayasy kýres qazanynda qaynap, nәtiyjesinde halqynyng ar-namysy bolarlyq dәrejege kóterile bilgen últtyq intelliygensiya ókili. Ózi aitpaqshy, onyng ruhy ólmeydi! Qazaq halqy barda, tәuelsiz elimiz tura jolgha týsip, últtyq úly múrattarymyz aldynghy qatargha shyghyp jatqan almaghayyp kezende últyn, elin-jerin sýndin, soghan qaltqysyz qyzmet etuding qapysyz ýlgisi bolyp mәngi jasay beredi!

Núrlan DULATBEKOV,
zang ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor

«Abay-aqparat»