Qazaqstan studentteri arasynda jogharghy bilim alu ýshin jii tandalatyn shet memleketter tiziminde Qytay ekinshi orynda eken. Qytaygha bilim izdep baryp jatqandar sany da az emes. Al sol Qytaygha barghan Qazaqstan studentteri qayda jәne qanday bilim alyp jatyr? Olardyng keleshektegi josparlary qanday?..

Songhy jyldary Qytayda bilim alugha degen súranystyng jogharylauy – bizde ghana emes, әlem elderinde bayqalghan tendensiya. Qytay óz elinde sheteldik studentterdi oqytu jaghynan әlemde AQSh pen Úlybritaniyadan keyin ýshinshi orynda túrghan memleket. Mysaly, 2018 jyly QHR-da әlemning 196 memleketinen 490 mynnan astam student bilim alghan eken. Búl kórsetkish 2020 jyly jarty millionnan asyp jyghyluy mýmkin dep kýtilgen. Alayda býkil әlemdi әbigerge salghan Covid-19 pandemiyasy búl jospargha kedergi keltirgen.

Qazir Qytayda oqyp jatqan sheteldik studentterding deni Ontýstik Koreyadan eken. Onan keyin AQSh, Tayland, Resey, Japoniya men Indoneziya. Qazaqstan búl tizimde 9-shy orynda. Al qazaqstandyq studenterding súranysy boyynsha bilim jetildiruge qolayly memleketter ishinde Qytay Reseyden keyingi ekinshi orynda túr jәne QHR bilimine súranys jyldan jylgha artyp kele jatqany da fakt. Mysaly, 2007 jyly Qytayda 3 myng qazaqstandyq student oqysa, 2020 jyldyng basynda (indetke baylanysty evakuasiyalaugha deyin) olardyng sany 14 myngha jetken. Al 2010 jyly Qytaydaghy qazaqstandyq studentter sany 20 myngha juyqtaghan. QHR Bilim ministrligining mәlimetinshe, songhy on jylda Qytaydyng jogharghy oqu oryndarynda bilim alyp jatqan qazaqstandyq studentter sany 14 esege kóbeygen.

Qytaydaghy qazaqstandyq student

«Qogham pikiri» zertteu Instituty men L.Gumiylev atyndaghy EÚU janynan qúrylghan Konfusiy Instituty Qazaqstandyq jastardyng Qytaygha jasap jatqan bilim migrasiyasy turaly zertteu әzirlepti. Taqyryby mynaday: «Qazaqstannan Qytaygha bilim migrasiyasy – eki el arasyndaghy strategiyalyq әriptestikting bir aspektisi». Atalghan zertteuge sýienip, Qytaydaghy Qazaqstan studentining bet-beynesin shamalap týzip shyghugha bolady eken. Sonymen, Qytaydaghy Qazaqstan studenti:

Ol - jas jigit (jigitter qyzdargha qaraghanda 1,2%-gha kóbirek), qazaq (97,1%),  jasy 20-larda (30,2%). Qytaydyng Sian qalasynda, Sian uniyversiytetinde oqyp jatyr delik, óitkeni qazaqstandyq studentteding 32,2%-y osy qalany tanaydy eken. Mamandyghy - shet tilderi mamany (13,7%), onyng ishinde qytay tili men mәdeniyetin tandaghan (30,0%). Búl onyng shetelde bilim aludaghy alghashqy tәjirbiyesi (85,3%). Bilim alu prosessine kónili tolady (94,7%), alayda oqu prosessining aitarlyqtay qiyn ekenin aitady (97,3%). Oqudan bos uaqytyn ghalamtordan, gazet-jurnaldardan aqparat qaraumen ótkizedi (63,1%).

Búl respondentterding jauaptary negizinde jasalghan qazaqstanyq studenting jalpy portreti (mysal).

Nege Qytay?

Endi janaghy zertteuding negizgi nәtiyjelerine bir toqtalyp óteyik. Zertteu avtorlary respondentterden jogharghy bilim alu ýshin nege dәl Qytaydy tandghandaryn súrapty. Jauaptary mynaday:

Respondentterding 49,6%-y: «Qytay sheteldik studentterge erekshe qamqorlyq kórsetedi», dep jauap beripti. Onan son, 45%-y oqu men jataqjay baghasynyng arzandyghyn, 41,8%-y bilim sapasynyng joghary ekenin, 39,1%-y JOO bedeldiligin, 29,5%-y útyp alghan bilim grantyn, 26,5%-y mәdeny faktorlardy jәne  25,6%-y tanys-dostarynyng kenes bergenin aitqan.

Zertteu nәtiyjesine sýiensek, ondaghy studentterding 76,8%-y Qytaydaghy JOO bilimi turaly aqparatty dәl osy dos-jarandarynan estigenin aitqan eken. Al respondentteding tek 12,5%-y Qytay bilimi turaly aqparatty ghalamtordan, 5%-y qazaqstandyq BAQ-tan bilgen.

Qytaydaghy Qazaqstan studentteri qayda jәne qanday bilim alyp jatyr?

Jogharyda aitylghanday, qazaqstandyq studentterding deni (32,2%) bilim alugha Sian qalasyn tandaydy eken. Onan son, Beyjin, Shanhay, Guanjou, Lanchjou, Ýrimshi jәne t.b. Al qazaqstandyq studentter tandauynyng alghashqy ýshtigine: Sian, Beyjing jәne Tyanszin qalalarynyng shet tilderi uniyversiytetteri kirgen.

Zertetuge qatysqan respondentterding jauabyna sýiensek, ol jaqtaghy qazaqstandyq studentterding basym kópshiligi «qytyay tili men mәdeniyetin» nemese tildik kurstar boyynsha bilim alyp jatyr eken. Respondentteding 36,9%-y solay dep jauap beripti.

«Halyqaralyq sauda-sattyq», «menedjment», «әlemdik ekonomika jәne sauda», «qarjy» sekildi ekonomikalyq baghyttar boyynsha bilim alyp jatqandardyng sany 32,6%-dy qúraydy. Al qúqyqtyq bilim alushylar 10,7%.

Qytaydaghy Qazaqstan studenterining bilim kórsetkishi qanday?

Zertteu avtorlary Qytaydaghy bilim beru sapasy qazaqstandyq studentterding әuelgi ýmittterin aqtaytynday-aq, joghary dep kórsetken. Óz qarajatyna oqyp jatqandardyng deni bagha men bilim sapasyna kónilderi tolatyndaryn aitypty. Al respondentterding arasynda óz qarajattaryna baryp oqyp jatqandar - 64,6%-dy qúraghan. Qytaydyng bilim granttaryn útyp alghandar - 32,7% bolsa, Qazaqstannyng bilim grantarymen baryp oqyp jatqandar – 2,7%. Olardyng basym kópshiligi jaqsy (65,8%) jәne joghary (21,2%) bilim kóretkishterine ie bolghan. Al qytay tilin «jaqsy» degen baghamen bilip shyqqandar 80,6% kórinedi. Qazaqstandyq studentterding kópshiligi til iyelerinen góri talaby tómenirek – sheteldikterge arnalghan toptardy oqidy.

Olardyng oqu ayaqtalghan songhy jospary qanday? Sonda qala ma, әlde elge qayta ma?

Qytayda oqyp jatqan studentter arasynda jýrgizilgen saualnamanyng nәtiyjesinde, oqularyn ayaqtaghan song enbek kelisimshartymen sonda túraqtap qalghysy keletinder az ekeni anyqtalghan. Sonda qalu turaly ýzildi-kesildi sheshimge kelgender 11,1% bolsa, qaluymyz mýmkin degender 10,3%-dy qúraghan. Al oqularyn ayaqtaghan song Qazaqstangha qaytudy josparlaghandar 82,4% bolghan. Túraqty ómir sýru ýshin Qytaygha birjola kóshudi oilaytyndar 5,2% jәne Qazaqstangha qaytamyz degender 91,7%-dy qúrapty.

Saualnama nәtiyjesi boyynsha, jas qazaqstandyqtadyng basym kópshiligi aldymen ózderining últy men memleketining azamattary ekenin aityp, patriotttyqtaryn kórsetken.

Týiin. Ne bar, ne joq?

Atalghan zertteuding nәtiyjeleri qazaqstandyq studentterding Qytaygha jasap jatqan bilim migrasiyasynyng pozitivti de, týitkildi de tústary bar ekenin kórsetip otyr.

Pozitivti túsy dep – zertteu avtorlary ondaghy bizding studentterimizding jeke bas qauipsizdikterining joghary dengeyde qorghaluyn aitady. Qytayda bilim alyp jatqan studentterding arasynda jýrgizilgen búl saualnama nәtiyjesi boyynsha studentterding eshbirinen ksenofobiya belgileri bayqalmaghan. Sonday-aq, bilim beruding jogharghy sapasy, bagha men sapa sәikestigi, ómir sýru ýshin jasalghan jaylylyq t.b. aspektiler pozitivti túsyn kórsetedi.

«Al endi qiyndyqtiargha kelsek, birinshi mәsele – qytay tili men zandaryn bilmeu nemese jetik bilmeu» depti, zertteu avtorlary. Dәl osy Qytay zanyn bilmeuding saldarynan tuyndaghan keybir mәseeler BAQ-ta biraz talqy bolghan. Alayda, songhy jyldary múnday jaghdaylar azayghan.

Qalay degenmen, QHR-daghy qazaqstandyq studentterding adaptasiyalanuy әli de bolsa akualdy mәsele. Al ony sheshuding bir joly – dayyndyq kurstaryn úiymastyru bolyp tabylady. Sonymen qatar, oqugha barmas búryn tildik kurstardan ótu de studentterding qarjylyq shyghyndaryn ýnimdeuge sep bolatyny sózsiz.

Qytayda bilim alghannan keyingi taghy bir problema – júmysqa ornalasu. Jogharyda aitqanymyzday, ondaghy studentterding deni gumanitarlyq baghyttaghy tildik mamandyqtardy oqyp keledi. Al Qazaqstanda búl mamandyqqa súranys asa joghary emes. Sondyqtan, zertteu avtorlary, Qytaygha baryp oqyghysy keletin qazaqstanyq studentterge mamandyq tandauda oilanyp baryp sheshim qabyldaugha kenes beredi.

Tatyana Kaukenova,

Qosymsha: Avtor L.Gumiylev atyndaghy EÚU janyndaghy Konfusiy Institutynyng diyrektory Sәule Qoshanova men QR Preziydenti janyndaghy QSZY diyrektorynyng orynbasary Botagóz Raqyshevagha úsynylghan materialdar ýshin alghys bildiredi.

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