(әrtýrli taqyrypqa erkin variasiyalar)

Meni qyzyqtyratyn oqighalar sany ýsheu-aq. Biraq әr dәuirge, ortagha baylanysty olar janasha qaytalanyp otyrady. Jәne osy ýsh oqighadan sheksiz oqighalar tizbegin shygharugha bolatyn siyaqty. Olardyng BIRINShISI tarihshygha, memleket qayratkerine, әdebiyetshige, pәlsapashygha, jauyngerge, psihologqa, bәrimizge aitary bar oqigha.

Nemis mәdeniyettanushysy O.Shpengler «Europa ymyrty» kitabynda Antoniy men Kleopatra mahabbatyna janasha qaraudy úsynady. Áygili mәdeniyettanushy oiynynyng týiini - Antoniy Rimdi Mysyrgha jyghyp bergisi kelgen joq, kerisinshe, bar arman-múraty azyp-tozudyng sәl-aq aldyndaghy Rim ortalyghyn Mysyrgha kóshiru arqyly ony saqtap qalu edi degenge sayady. Biz búl arada ataqty Shekspir qalamynan shyqqan tragediyanyng mazmúnyn joqqa shygharmaymyz. Degenmen óz kózqarasyn dәleldeu ýshin qoldanylatyn Shpengler derekteri men dәlelderi kókeyge qonymdy-aq. Dәl osy tústa «Kleopatra óz elining tәuelsizdigin saqtap qalu ýshin Antoniyding qúshaghyna amalsyz qúlamady ma eken» degen saual kótersek she?

(әrtýrli taqyrypqa erkin variasiyalar)

Meni qyzyqtyratyn oqighalar sany ýsheu-aq. Biraq әr dәuirge, ortagha baylanysty olar janasha qaytalanyp otyrady. Jәne osy ýsh oqighadan sheksiz oqighalar tizbegin shygharugha bolatyn siyaqty. Olardyng BIRINShISI tarihshygha, memleket qayratkerine, әdebiyetshige, pәlsapashygha, jauyngerge, psihologqa, bәrimizge aitary bar oqigha.

Nemis mәdeniyettanushysy O.Shpengler «Europa ymyrty» kitabynda Antoniy men Kleopatra mahabbatyna janasha qaraudy úsynady. Áygili mәdeniyettanushy oiynynyng týiini - Antoniy Rimdi Mysyrgha jyghyp bergisi kelgen joq, kerisinshe, bar arman-múraty azyp-tozudyng sәl-aq aldyndaghy Rim ortalyghyn Mysyrgha kóshiru arqyly ony saqtap qalu edi degenge sayady. Biz búl arada ataqty Shekspir qalamynan shyqqan tragediyanyng mazmúnyn joqqa shygharmaymyz. Degenmen óz kózqarasyn dәleldeu ýshin qoldanylatyn Shpengler derekteri men dәlelderi kókeyge qonymdy-aq. Dәl osy tústa «Kleopatra óz elining tәuelsizdigin saqtap qalu ýshin Antoniyding qúshaghyna amalsyz qúlamady ma eken» degen saual kótersek she?

Ángime búl arada ýsh mәsele - er adamnyng әielge mahabbaty, memleket qayratkerining Otan aldyndaghy boryshyna jauapkershiligi, jauyngerding semserine adaldyghy turaly bolyp otyr. Aqyn-jazushylar óz shygharmalaryna mahabbatty ózek qyp, ózge eki mәsele tasada qalsa, jaujýrek jauyngerler Antoniyding qolbasshylyghynan ýlgi alyp, alghashqy eki jaghday taghy da úmyt qalmaq. Al, ýshinshi mәsele óz kezeginde mindetti týrde memleket qayratkerlerining enshisine tiyedi. Áytse de olar Antoniydi Otan aldyndaghy boryshyna adal aqynjandy jauynger retinde aqtap ala alar ma eken?! «Bolashaq ótkennen bastau alady. Naqty ómirdegi bolmasa da ótken ómir, tarihtaghy shyndyqty qalpyna keltiruge tyrysu kerek-aq. Ol ýshin aqyn-jazushy jauyngerdin, jauynger aqyn-jazushynyn, al memleket qayratkeri satqyn retinde úrpaqtar qarghysyna qalmas ýshin osy ekeuining de jandýniyesine ýnilip otyrsyn». Oqigha osy oidy emeurinmen aitady.

Belgili bir uaqyttan keyin ishinde ziyaly qauym ókili bar osy OQIGhA basqa tabighy ortada ózgesheleu damytylady. Ol osy oqighada jogharydaghy ýsh qasiyet - erkekting әielge sýiispenshiligi, jauyngerding semserine adaldyghy, memleket qayratkerining halyq aldyndaghy jauapkershiligi - bir ghana adam - ziyaly qauym ókilining basynda toghysuy mýmkindigin tolyq dәleldep bermek. Tómende tәpsirlenbek oqigha baghzy ghúndar jәne Qytay shekarasynda ótedi...
Qylyshy qayqy, qany qyzba ghúndarmen shekarada uaqytsha bolsa da beybit, mamyrajay ómir ornatqysy kelgen Qytay imperatory jauger kórshisine qyzyn úzatady.

... Qyz jasauynyng ishinde әtek ghalym da bar bolatyn. Ol Otanyn sýietin. Bar jighan-tergen bilimin sonyng jolyna arnamaq edi. Kim biledi, ol saraygha kirip-shyghyp jýrgende balghyn hanshagha kózi týsip, ghashyq ta bolghan shyghar. Endi, mine, bóten elge attanyp barady...
Shekaradaghy beybit ómir qayta búzylyp, oqtyn-oqtyn ghún jauyngerining qylyshy Qytay derevnyalarynyng ýstinde jarqylday bastady. Qytay imperatory qúdasynyng búl әreketin týsinbekke ghún ordasyna elshi jibergen...

Ghún ordasy. Tanerteng kelgen elshiler týske deyin qabyldaugha kire almay shyjyghan kýn astynda qantarylyp túryp qaldy. Týs aua kirgendey bolyp edi, betterin basa syrtqa qayta shyqty. Búlar tartu-taralghygha alyp kelen jibek shapandy jyrtyp, kýrish palaudy tónkerip tastaghan әlgi bir ózderine úqsas әtek ghalym ghúndardyng jana patshasynyng ong qoly bolyp alypty. Sóz týsiner týri joq. Qolynan kelse búlardy tiridey jerge kómbek niyeti bar...

Orda many tolghan ghúndar eken. Shamasy, sarayda ne bolyp jatqanyn bilmek bolsa kerek. Syrtqa elshiler sonyn ala shyqqan әtek ghalym qytay men ghúnnan bir-birden jigit aldyrtty. Jas qahan ýnsiz baqylap túr.
- Jegening ne?
- Baghlannyng eti,- dep ghún jigiti gýr ete qaldy.
- Sening jegening ne?
- Kýrish palau.
Qytay jigit lypyp túr. Jýzi de, dene bitimi de júqaltau.
- Jýrinder.
Átek qytay ekeuin tau eteginen búrqyldap shyghyp jatqan búlaq suyna baylaugha búiryq berdi...
Sosyn eki jaqtan taghy da bir-bir jigit aldyrtty.
- Ana shengelding arghy jaghynda jalghyz aghash bar. Týbinde eki jebe jatyr. Búryn jetkening qyzyl jebeni, keyin jetkening súr jebeni alyp kelesinder. Al, jýgirinder.
Eki jigit jýgire jóneldi. Qytaylyq alghashqy úmtylysta-aq ghún jigitin artqa tastay bergen...
Nәtiyjede qytay jigiti birinshi keldi. Ózi mәz. Ýstindegi jibek shapanynyng dal-dúl bolghanyna qaraytyn týri joq.
- Ghúndar, qarandar, kimning kiyimi myqty? Átek qytaydyng dausy sanq ete qaldy.
- Ghúndardiki!

Ózining beker mәz bolghanyn qytay jigiti endi sezgen siyaqty. Qarsylasynyng ýstine qarap edi, teri kýrtesi sap-sau. Qalyp qoyghanyna ókinip túrghan ispetti edi, әtek qytaydyng neni maqsat qylghanyn endi týsingendey ghún jigiti jyly jymidy...
Búdan keyin búlaqtaghy ekeu ortagha aldyrghan. Qytaylyqta betine adam qarar týr joq. Tisi tisine tiymey saqyldaydy. Ghún jigiti bolsa tistenip alghan.
- Ghúndar, kimning tamaghy myqty?
Átek qytay taghy da sanq ete qaldy. Beynebir kósemi tastaghan úrangha qosylghanday ghúndar dauysy jazyq dalany taghy janghyryqtyrdy.
- Ghúndardiki!
Jas qahan kenesshi qytaygha jymiya qarady. Týrinen kesimdi sózindi ait degen synayy bayqalady.
- Ghúndar, qytay bizdi jibek shapan, kýrish palauymen aldamaq. Basymyzdy boza bop ainaldyryp, qúrt bolyp buynymyzgha týspek. Bizsiz kýndering qarang degendi aitpaq. Jibek shapangha etimiz, palaugha asqazanymyz ýirenbey túrghanda biz qaysar ek, qaharly edik. Ózimizde bardyng baghasyn bilsek, ózgeniki tansyq emes ekendigin endi bayqaghan shygharsyndar. Ruhtaryndy kóterinder, ghúndar! Qytaygha Tәnirisin taghy bir esine týsirer shaq jetti. Endigi tartysty qylyshtyng jýzi, bilekting kýshi, jýrekting týktiligi sheshsin. Hur-ә!..
Jas qahan qynabynan qylyshyn suyrghan...

Qytay jylnamalary osy oqighadan keyin shekarada qandy shayqastar qayta bastalghandyghyn jazady...
Ziyalynyng biligi men parasatyn ayaqqa taptaghan Qytay men imperatory osylaysha óz qatelikterining qúrbany bolyp edi...
Kim biledi, ghúndardy aidap salu arqyly qytay ghalymy óz elining oisyz, sanasyz әkimderin jazalaghysy keldi me eken? Oqighanyng osynday baghyt aluyna, bәlkim, әtek erkek pen súlu hansha arasyndaghy jauapsyz mahabbat ta óz әserin tiygizgen bolar... Áytse de әtek qytaydyng satqyndyghy otansýigishtik qasiyetten bastalghandyghyn eshkim de joqqa shyghara almaydy.

Aziyanyng alauly týnderi búnday oqighanyng qanshasyn bastan keshti eken, ol jaghy tek tilsiz tariyhqa ghana belgili. Jauynger, elbasy, ziyaly qauym ókili jayly syr shertetin mazmúny ózara úqsas eki oqigha, mine, osynday.
Búlardyng týpnúsqasy qaysysy ekenin tap basyp aitu qiyn.

EKINShI OQIGhA ótken ghasyrdyng toqsanynshy jyldary
Amerika Qúrama Shtattarynda ótedi...

Ádebiyetke ynta-shyntysymen den qoyghan jas jigit kitaphanadan kele jatyr. Bar oiy sýigen qyzyna ózining qalamaqymen de kýn kóre alatyndyghyn, tipti, joly bolsa bayyp ketui de mýmkin ekendigin dәleldeu.

Kitaphanadan Elena Blavatskayanyng «Qúpiya doktrinasy» men Gerbert Sperserding pәlsafa kitabyn alghan. Kereuetine qisayyp jatyp Blavatskayagha ýnilip edi, týsinbedi. Byjyghan termin sózder. Bilimge yntyq jigit, әzirge búl maghan qol emes dep sheshti. Spenserdi paraqtap edi, úghynyqty eken, sony oqugha kiristi...
Búl jigit uaqyt óte kele әlemdegi eng mәshhýr jazushylardyng birine ainalady. Osy aralyqta sýigen súluymen aralary da suysyp ýlgergen. Sýigeninen airylghanymen armandaghan baylyghyna qoly jetip edi, biraq materialdyq baylyq anau aitqan jan rahatyn syilamady.
Aqyr sony óz ortamnan suyrylyp, tektiler qauymyna mýshe bolam degen oy da jay nәrse bolyp shyqty. Ýlken saray, kórikti bólmelerde túrghanymen ruhany dengeyi jaghynan sol aqsýieksymaqtaryng da múnyng ar jaq ber jaghy eken.

Jigit ózin ózi óltiredi. Oqigha Djek Londonnyng «Martin IYden» romany jәne Irving Stounnyng osy jazushy jayly «Tolqyn jalyna jarmasqan jazushy» atty kitabynda bayandalady. Osyghan úqsas oqigha HH ghasyrdyng 90-shy jyldary Qazaqstanda da kórinis beredi. Oqigha bastauy jogharydaghyday. Degenmen, jigit Spenser emes, kerisinshe Blavatskayanyng kitabyna den qoyady. Ol әzir de aramyzda. Ádebiyet maydanynda enbektenip jýr. Bolashaqtan ýmitin ýzgen joq, sýigen aruymen aralary da suysa qoymaghan. Qoghamnan da týnilmegen. Ol Blavatskayanyng kitaby ózin týniluden aman alyp qalady dep oilaydy. Oghan jәne sheksiz senedi de. Jigit ómiri qalay sabaqtalatynyn uaqyt kórsete jatar, búl jaghy bizge belgisiz. Búl arada sóz oqigha úqsastyghy emes, kitap jóninde bolyp otyr. Bәlkim, úly múrattargha ishki dayyndyq jóninde...

Biz bayandaytyn ÝShINShI OQIGhA adam men adam qarym-qatynasy jayly. Búl oqighanyng bir núsqasy «Izgi habarda» әngime bolady. Isa mәsih sahabalaryna «Ish terinnen bir adam meni satady» degen sózdi jiyi-jii aitatyn bolsa kerek. Sózdi aitqanda janary әrdayym kariottyq Iudagha qadalady eken. Shynynda da solay bolyp shyghady.

Tarihta Iuda Isany qansha sólkebaygha satqandyghy jayly naqty derek joq, әiteuir, fariyseylerge ústap bergeni anyq. Mәsele búl arada Isanyng kóripkeldigi emes, ózin satqan adamdy bile otyryp, payghambar basymen sol adamdy kýnәli әreketten aman alyp qalmaghandyghy haqynda. Mәselege osy qyrynan kelgen argentin jazushysy Horhe Luis Borhes «Shyn mәnindegi payghambar Iuda bolsa kerek. Óitkeni býkil adamzat kýnәsin arqalap tozaqqa týsken sol» degen pikir týiedi.

Ádebiyette osy oqigha jelisimen jazylghan әngime kóp. Orys jazushysy Leonid Andreevte ózi jasaghan kýnә auyrtpalyghyna shyday almaghan Iuda jardan qúlap óledi. Al bala kezimde dualy auyz qariyalardan estigen әngimede aiqyshqa kerilgen Isa emes, Iuda bolyp shyghatyn. Ol kisiler búl kezde Isa mәsih Qúday-әkesining qasynda, júmaqta jýr edi dep bayandar-dy. Hristiannyng qúday dep tabynyp jýrgeni saytan tiline ergen kýnәhar, sondyqtan dini din emes degendi qosa aitatyn. Áytse de, búl jerde mәsele hristian dinining dúrys-búrystyghyda emes, taza adamy minez-qúlyq, әldekimderding (tipti ruhany bay adamdardyn) óz oilaghan maqsatyna jetu ýshin eng jaqyn jandaryn da ayamaytyndyghy jayly bolyp otyr.
Iuda satqyndyghy ýshin tozaqqa týsti, әlde Isanyng azabyn kóterip alghandyghy ýshin júmaqqa ketti, búl jaghyn anyqtau teologtardyng júmysy. Sóz Isanyng Iuda jan-dýniyesin óz degenine kóndire bilgendiginde. Bәlkim, ol shynymen-aq daryndy kózboyaushy bolghan bolar. Endi Iudany jayyna qaldyryp, osy ynghaylas taghy bir oqighagha toqtalayyq.

Orys aqyny Anna Ahmatova kýieui Nikolay Gumiylev jayly esteliginde mynaday jaytty bayandaydy: «Jas kezimde qorqynyshty týs kórdim. IYesi kim ekeni belgisiz әldebir dauys: «Faust bolghan emes. Bәri Margaritanyng oidan shygharghany, Mefistofeli (Ibilis) ghana bar..» dep sybyrlady. Osy týsti keyin Nikolay Stepanovichke aityp berdim. Ol týs әserimen әiel kinәsinen qaza tabatyn erkek jayly keremet ballada jazdy...»
Bylay qaraghanda qarapayym oqigha. Boyjetken týs kóredi. Týsti kýnderding kýninde kýieuine aitady. Ol bolsa týsti ólenge ainaldyrady. Shynynda osylay ma?

Erli-zayypty eki aqynnyng keyingi ómirine ýnilsek, osy týs olardyng taghdyryna qanshalyqty tragediyalyq betbúrys jasaghandyghyn angharugha bolatyn siyaqty. Búl jerde taghy da jeke adam, shygharmashylyq adamynyng óz MENI, bәlkim, tәkappar menmendigi boy kóteredi. «Eshqanday kinәng joq. Kerisinshe, maghan qúdaygha senip, Rossiyany sýidi ýirettin». Búl keyinirek, Anna Ahmatova keshirim súraghanda bergen Nikolay Gumiylevting jauaby.
Búl jerde biz adam ómirine jasyryn әser etetin mistikalyq astar turaly sóz qylyp otyrmyz. Óitkeni Margarita ispetti Anna Ahmatova da ózining ghajayyp qiyal әlemin jasaghysy kelgen. Ómirdegi shyn Faust oghan kerek emes-ti. Búghan Ahmatova әlemimen tanysu ýshin bir kezderi kitap kezegine túrghan myndaghan oqyrman kuә bola alady. Óz kezeginde Faust-Gumiylev te shygharmashylyq quaty jaghynan Margarita-Ahmatovadan әlsiz bolmay shyqty. Senbeseniz kitap dýkenine kóz salynyz. Tipti, Nikolay Gumiylevting ózining qansha jasta qaytys bolghandyghyn boljaghany da qyzyq. Tónkerilip týsken tylsym sifrlar tarihyn aqyn taghdyryna ýnilgen әrbir jan onyng ómiri jayly kitaptardan tanysyp bile alady.

Anna Ahmatova týs jayly әngimeni bar bolghany Gumiylev shygharmashylyghynyng psihologiyasyn týsindiru ýshin ghana aitatyn sekildi. Degenmen Gumiylev taghdyrynyng ayanyshty ayaqtaluyna ózining de sebepker bolghandyghyn aqyn әiel eshqashan jasyrghan emes. Ol týs jogharydaghy «Esh kinәng joq. Kerisinshe, sen maghan Qúdaygha senip, Rossiyany sýidi ýirettin» degen tәkappar jauappenen ayaqtalady. Búl Ahmatova týisigindegi búghan qarsy baghyttalghan Mefistofeli-saytangha berilgen jauap edi.

Biz tarihta әrtýrli núsqalary bar ýsh oqighany bayandadyq. Onyng birinshisi әrqily jaghdaydaghy jeke adamnyng azamattyq pozisiyasy, ekinshisi ishki ruhany dayyndyq, ýshinshisi jeke adamdar qarym-qatynasynda, olardyng taghdyryna baylanysty ruhani, shygharmashylyq MEN-ning atqaratyn roli turaly. Ýshinshi oqighagha qosa keter taghy bir anyqtama, týs te shygharmashylyqtyng әli biz júmbaghyna ýnile qoymaghan (bәlkim mistikalyq) týri bolyp tabylatyndyghy.

*  *  *
Endi osy ýsh oqighany nege tandap aldyq degen mәselege keleyik. Birden aitayyq, úsynyp otyrghan dýnie әdeby shygharma jazudyng jana ýlgisi nemese tarihy esse emes.

Shýkir, qazaq halqynyng tarihy bay, jazba әdebiyeti de qalyptasqan. Jazushy men tariyh, Keshe men býgingi úrpaq arasynda jaqsy baylanys bar. Býgingi qazaq әlem tarihynan habary bar sauatty bilikti oqyrman. Ol tarihy shygharmadaghy jazushy qiyalymen búrmalanghan sәtti tap basyp aita alady. Bes qaruy say múnday oqyrmanmen júmbaq oiyn oinau kim-kimge de qauipti bolar edi.

Sondyqtan biz jogharyda bayqalatyn oqighalardy saralaghanda tariyhqa, jeke adam taghdyryna barynsha obektivti qaraugha, oqighanyng psihologiyalyq órbu jolyn zerdeleu arqyly tәuelsiz elimizding býgingi ishki problemalarymen ýndesetin, úqsas jerlerine oqyrman nazary auarday qoy renk beruge tyrystyq.
Astanany Almatydan Aqmolagha kóshirude Elbasy Núrsúltan Nazarbaev qanday negizderge sýiendi, ziyaly qauymymyzdyng hali býgingidey jylarman halde qala berse, sony qanday zardaptargha soqtyruy mýkin, jalpy otansýigishtik qasiyet degenimiz ne, jeke adamnan ol talap etetin qúrbandyq - osynyng bәri bizdi de, oqyrmandy da tolghandyryp jýrgen mәseleler bolsa kerek.

Kino, óner, әdebiyet tuyndysynyn, jalpy shygharmashylyqtyng jeke adam psihologiyasyna әserin anyqtau, Batys mәdeniyeti men órkeniyetining basqynshylyq әreketinen qorghanu tetikterin tabu da býgingi kýni últymyzdyng aldynda túrghan ózekti problema. Neni oqyp, neni oqymauymyz kerek? Basty súraq osy. Últtyq iydeologiyamyzdy qalyptastyrar tústa qazaq halqynyng tútastyghyna keri әser eter joldardan barynsha saqtanugha tiyispiz.
Qazaq oqyrmany adamzat tarihynda әr kezderi kósh bastaghan grek-riym, fransuz, orys, Latyn Amerikasy әdebiyetterin jaqsy biledi. Al osynday aldynghy qatarly әdebiyet dәrejesine kóterilui ýshin әdebiyetimizge qajetti sheberlik әdis-tәsilderi qanday, ghajayyp shygharmashylyq taghdyrlar qalay jasalady? Búlar da oqyrman kókeyinde jýrgen saualdar ekendigine biz senimdimiz.

Biz elimizding ertenin anyqtaytyn osy saualdargha tarihta bolghan oqighalardyng kózimen qarap, jauap beruge talpyndyq. Ary-beriden song shynayy tarihty jazugha tyrysudyng ózi de sauaby bar әreket qoy. Eng bastysy, tarihta bolghan qatelikterge úrynbasaq eken.
Oqighalar bizge osyny eskertedi.

1998 jyl.

(Jalghasy bar)
«Abay-aqparat»