Balqash ta Araldyng taghdyryn qaytalauy mýmkin...
Songhy jyldary auanyng kómirqyshqyl gaz jәne basqa zattarmen lastanuy saldarynan jer shary boyynsha onyng ortasha temperaturasynyng ýnemi kóterilui ýlken qater tudyruda. Búl jer aumaghynyng basym kópshiligine ylghal mardymsyz týsetin, su resurstary tapshy, ózenderining kópshiligi transshekaralyq elder ýshin ózekti mәselening birine ainaldy.
Birikken Últtar Úiymynyng (BÚÚ) boljamy boyynsha shamamen 20-25 jyldan keyin Qazaqstan su tapshylyghyn tartatyn elderding biri. Elimizding ózenderining kópshiligi, Ertis pen Ile Qytay aumaghynan, Shu men Talas Qyrghyzstannan bastalsa, Syrdariya, Shyrshyq pen Keles ózenderi Ózbekstan arqyly ótedi. Songhy elmen 1998 jyly Syrdariya ózenin tiyimdi paydalanu jayly kelisim shart jasalghanmen ol ylghy oryndala bermeydi. Kókónis, jemis jiydek, maqta, jýgeri men maybúrshaq jәne t.b. sugharmaly daqyldardy egetin Týrkistan, Jambyl, Almaty oblystarynyn sharuaqojalyqtary jaz ailarynda su tapshylyghyn jii bayqaydy.
Kóktemde tasqyn nemese topan sulardan zardap shegetin aimaqtarymyzdyng kópshiliginde egisterdi sugharudy bylay qoyghanda, túrghyndargha qajet auyzsudyn tapshylyghyn kórip otyrghan auyldar bar ekeni belgili. Memleket jәne jergilikti әkimshilikter tarapynan baqylaudyng joqtyghynan keyde qúrylys materialdaryn (qiyrshyq qúm men tas) dayyndaushylar men paydaly qazba (altyn jәne t.b. metalldar) izdegender ózen arnasy men jaghalaularyn qoparyp, bógetter jasap, auyl túrghyndaryn auyzsusyz qaldyrady. Osynday jaghday ótken jyly Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysynda oryn alsa, jaqynda kenish qazghandar Týrkistan oblysynyng birneshe auyldaryn susyz qaldyrypty. Jer bederining erekshelikterin eskere otyryp, kóktemgi say salagha ketetin qar suyn jinap saqtaytyn su qoymalaryn jasap, keyin shabyndyqtardy sugharugha paydalanghan tiyimdi bolar edi.
Býgingi tanda su resurstaryn baqylau men qadaghalaudy «Ekologiya jәne tabighy resurstar» jәne «Tótenshe jaghdaylar ministrlikteri», tiyimdi paydalanu mәselelerimen «Auylsharuashylyq ministrligi», oblystyq, audandyq jәne auyldyq әkimshilikter ainalysady. Ókinishke oray atalghan mekemelerding júmystarynda ýilesimdik bola bermeytindikten biraz qarapayym mәseleler sheshimin tappay, ýlken týitkilge ainaluda.
Týrkistan oblysynyng túrghyny, tәjiriybeli maman Q.Súltanov Abai.kz portalynda jariyalanghan maqalasynda osy kýnge deyin su sharuashylyghy mәselesi sheshimin tappay kele jatqan týitkilding birine ainalghanyn, elimiz egemendik alghannan keyin Su sharuashylyghy jәne melliorasiya ministrligi taratylyp, su qorlaryn qadaghalau men tiyimdi paydalanu Auylsharuashylyq ministrligining qúzyretine kóshkenin, japay jekeshelendiruge baylanysty irrigasiyalyq nysandar men jýieler jeke túlghalardyng menshigine berilgenin jazypty. Avtor olardyng kóshiligi iske atýsti qaraytynyn, nәtiyjesinde qiraghan su ghimarattary men beton naualar, isten shyqqan sugharu jýieleri men qamys basqan kanaldardan milliardtaghan kubometr ylghal jerge sinip, ysyrap bolyp jatqanyna nazar audarypty. Osynday jaghday Almatynyng kýnshyghysynda Shelekke deyingi avtokólik jolynyng boyynda bayqalady. Búryn irrigasiya jýieleri jýrgizilip, dәndi jәne kókónis daqyldary egilgen jýzdegen gektar sugharmaly jerlerdi qamys basyp ketken.
Mәjilis deputaty M. Baqtiyarúlynyng QR Ýkimet basshysy A.Maminge sәuir aiynda joldaghan saualynda bir milliongha juyq halyq túryp jatqan Qyzylorda oblysynda su tapshylyghy basty týitkilge ainalghanyna nazar audarypty. Oblys aumaghynda injenerlik jýiege keltirilgen 180 myng gektar sugharmaly jer bar, búl elimiz boyynsha 16 payyzdy qúraydy, su resurstarynyng 43 payyzy tútynylady. Kýrish 84,4 myng gektargha, kókónis pen baqsha daqyldary 18,5 myng gektar jerge egilmek. Avtor syr elining taghdyry Syrdariya ózenimen baylanysty ekenine, songhy jyldary Kishi Araldyng kólemi 5 mlrd tekshemetrge azayghanyna toqtalypty. Onyng jaghalauyndaghy 207 kólding tek 45-ine kóktemde su tolady eken, Qamystybas jaghalaudan 200-300 metrge qashyqtaghan. Osydan 15 jylday búryn qabyldanghan su resurstaryn basqaru turaly zang qazirgi talaptargha jauap bere almaytynyna nazar audarypty.
Resmy aqparattargha qaraghanda ýstimizdegi jyly Syrdariya alqabynda 13,7 mlrd kubometr, Shardara su qoymasynda 4792 mln kubometr, Kóksarayda 1404 mln kubometr su qory jinaqtalghan. Búl kórsetishter ylghal tapshy bolghan ótken jylmen salystyrghanda biraz tómen, demek biyl jaghday qiynyraq bolatyny qazirden belgili bolyp otyr. Osyghan baylanysty Qyzylorda dihandary negizgi daqyl - kýrishting egis kólemin 5 myng gektargha qysqartpaq bolghan edi, endi 10 myng gektargha tómendetuge mәjbýr bolyp otyr.
Qytay aumaghy arqyly ótetin Ile jәne Almaty oblysyndaghy ózenderde su qorynyng tómendep, sayazdanuyna baylanysty Balqash kóli de Araldyng taghdyryn qaytalauy mýmkin. Kórshimiz Ile ózeni boyyndaghy sugharmaly egis kólemin bir mln gektargha jetkizgen, demek elimizge jetetin su mólsheri azaya týsedi. Osydan elu jylday búryn Sharyngha qúyatyn Kegen ózeninen atty adam arnayy ótkelder arqyly ghana ótetin bolsa, qazir arnasynyng kez kelgen jeri ótkel, su attyng tizesinen әreng asady. Tyanishannyng qarly shyndarynan bastalatyn Qarqara ózeni mausym men shilde ailarynda tasyghan kezde qozy men laqtardy, biraz jerge aghyzatyn bolsa, qazir su attyng tilerseginen ghana keledi.
Tәlimi jerlerge qaraghanda sugharmaly egisterding týsimdiligi men tiyimdiligi әlde qayda joghary ekeni belgili. Resmy derekterge qaraghanda elimizde sugharmaly jerding kólemi 2,2 mln gektar, ótken jyly 1,6 mln gektary paydalanylypty. Sugharu jýielerining isten shyghuy jәne t.b. sebepterden 600 myng gektar jer paydagha aspaghan. Auylsharuashylyq ministri O.Saparovtyng aldaghy on jylda sugharmaly jerdin kólemin on esege juyq ósiruge bolady degen mәlimdemesining iske asuy eki talay. Su tapshylyghyna baylanysty elimizde olardyng kólemi qysqara bermese kóbeymeytini anyq.
Su resurstaryn ýnemdeuding eng tiyimdi joly daqyldardy tamshylap sugharu, ótken jyly búl tәsil 14 payyz sugharmaly egisterde ghana qoldanylypty, demek 200 myng gektardan aspaydy. Shaghyn qojalyqtar ýshin búl onay sharua emes, egis tanaptaryna elektr jýiesi jýrgizilui qajet, sugharu qúrylghylaryn ornatu qymbatqa týsedi, shyghyn tórt bes jyldan keyin ghana aqtalady. Osydan on jylday búryn Qazaq ósimdik jәne eginsharuashylyghy instituty kýzdik biday men jýgeri, maylybúrshaq daqyldaryn jaldap ekken jaghdayda sebiletin túqym men egisterdi sugharugha ketetin ylghal mólsheri eki-ýsh ese ýnemdeletinin anyqtaghan edi. SIMMIT halyqaralyq ortalyghynyng kómegimen Ýndistan men Meksikadan institutqa tәjiriybelik maqsatqa paydalanu ýshin eki seyalka әkelingen edi. Búl tehnologiya elimizding ontýstigi men ontýstik shyghys aimaqtarynda óndiris jaghdayynda synaqtan ótip, asa timdi ekenine fermerlerding kózi jetken. Institut ghalymy professor J. Ospanbaev kópjyldyq tanaptyq tәjiriybeler arqyly Almaty oblysynyng shóldala aimaghynda kýrish daqylyn tamshylap sugharu әdisimen ósiruge bolatynyn, búl tәsil ósu kezeninde júmsalatyn su qoryn on eseden asa ýnemdeytinin anyqtaghan edi. Ókinishke oray búl janalyqtar óndiriske endirilmedi, basty sebebi elimizde daqyldardyng túqymyn jaldap sebetin arnayy seyalkanyng bolmauy jәne tamshylap sugharu әdisining asa kýrdeliligi.
Eng bastysy biz halyqty, qala men auyl túrghyndaryn auyzsudy ýnemdi paydalanugha ýiretip, tәrbiyeleuimiz kerek. Ile Alatauynyng múzdaqtary erip, kólemi jyl sayyn azayyna baylanysty 10-15 jyldan keyin Almaty túrghyndarynyng ózi adamnyn tirshilik-nәri auyzsugha zar boluy mýmkin. Men qalanyng kýnbatysyndaghy Asqarov pen Sadyqov kóshelerining boyymen kýndelikti seruendegende qazirgi baylar túratyn han sarayynday jekejaylardyng ainalasynda kólemi 0,05-0,10 gektargha jetetin kógaldar týni boyy janbyrlata sugharylyp, negizgi baylyghymyz bosqa ysyrap bolyp jatqanyn bayqap, ishim ashidy.
Múrat Qoyshybaev
Abai.kz