Jaqynda Reseyde shyghatyn jana avtokólikke "Ermak" degen atau beriledi degen sóz shyghyp, búghan narazylyq bildirgen Týrki halyqtarynyng әlemdik assambleyasy Putinge arnayy hat joldaghanynan habardarmyz. "Ermak naghyz qanysher qaraqshy, eger Germaniya "Gitler" dep atalatyn mashina shygharsa, qalay qabyldar ediniz?" - delingen atalmysh hatta.

Jaqynda Reseyde shyghatyn jana avtokólikke "Ermak" degen atau beriledi degen sóz shyghyp, búghan narazylyq bildirgen Týrki halyqtarynyng әlemdik assambleyasy Putinge arnayy hat joldaghanynan habardarmyz. "Ermak naghyz qanysher qaraqshy, eger Germaniya "Gitler" dep atalatyn mashina shygharsa, qalay qabyldar ediniz?" - delingen atalmysh hatta.

Degenmen, Semey men Óskemendegi kazaktar qauymdas­tyghy, mine, on shaqty jyldyng jýzi boldy, qandyqol qaraqshy, Sibirdi jaulap alushy ataman Ermakty eske alu kýnin ótkizip keledi. Jalpy, Qazaqstandaghy kazaktar qauymdastyghyna esh qatysy bolmasa da, búlar býginde Ermakty ózderi ýshin bas biriktiru jәne maqtanysh simvolyna ainaldyryp alghan. Al shyndyghynda, býgingi kazakpyz dep jýrgenderge ataman Ermaktyng esh "jaqyndyghy" joq. Sózimiz dәleldi bolu ýshin, әueli "kazak" pen "qazaq" etno­nimderining bir-birine qanshalyqty qatysy bar ekenine toqtalayyq. Akademik Álkey Marghúlan: "Qa­zaqtyng erte kezde qazaq boluynyng taghy bir kuәligi HII-HV ghasyrlarda "qazaq shyghyp ketu", "qazaq bolu" degen úghym bolghan. Jergi­likti biylikten qughyn kórgen tegin­der, súltandar, biyler ordadan qyrgha qashyp, "qazaq bolyp" jý­retin. Eng erte kezde (IH-H gh.) ordadan qashyp shyqqan Alasha han - sonday súltannyng biri. Sondyq­tan "qazaq bolyp", "qyrda erkin jýretin" saharany Sh.Uәlihanov "tynym alatyn oryn" dep ataghan", - deydi. Álekeng sonday-aq, kezin­de Saray qalasynan ketken Edige biydi, Aqsaq Temirden jenilgen Toqtamystyng biraz uaqyt "qazaq bolyp" jýrgenin aitady. Oqyrmandar habardar bolugha tiyisti, ótken jyldyng ayaghynda biraz ghalymdar orys tilinde qazaqtardy - "kazaktar", Qazaqstandy - "Kazakstan" dep jazu turaly mәsele kótergen. Múnda da negiz joq emes. Kenes ókimeti ornaghansha, kazaktar ózderin eshqashanda oryspyz dep atamaghan... "Slovo «kazak» turkskogo proishojdeniya y oznachaet «volinyy chelovek», «udales». Nesomnenno, pervymy kazakamy byly vyhodsy iz stepnyh ord, obedinyavshiyesya v otryady, podchinyavshiyesya sobstvennym vojakam, vydvinuvshimsya za schet svoih voennyh talantov y hrabrosti. Vo vremya bolishih pohodov ordynskih hanov kazaky prisoedinyalisi k ih armiyam, v mirnoe vremya promyshlyaya razboem y ugonom skota. So vremenem v ryady kazakov nachinait vlivatisya russkie udalisy, tak nazyvaemye «zapolyane», uhodivshie na stepnye («zapolinye») reky «v molodechestvo». Ony perenimaly obraz jizny «ordynskiyh» kazakov, ih hozyaystvennye zanyatiya, a glavnoe - sposoby vedeniya stepnoy voyny", - deydi zertteushiler. Múndaghy "ordynskie kazaki" delinip otyrghandar týrki taypalarynan ketip qalyp, "qazaq bop" jýrgender. Osylay Mәskeu knyazdiginen, orys elining basqa da ónirlerinen qashyp shyqqandar osy "qazaq bolghandargha" kelip qosylyp, qazaq bolyp jýredi. Búlardan basqa býgingi Ukraina jerinen, Dnepr boyynan shyghysqa qaray, Don men Azov jaghyna bas saughalap ketken­derdi "zaporojielikter" dep ataghan. Yaghni, "ushly za porog" - bosaghanyng ar jaghyna ketti degen sóz. Búlar da Don boyyndaghy "qazaq bop" jýrgenderge qosylady. Osylardyng barlyghy ózderin bir ghana ataumen "qazaqtarmyz" dep ataghan. Orys tarihshysy S.Soloviev HVI ghasyrda Don kazaktarynyng belgili atamandarynyng biri Sary-Azman (Sary Azban) degen týrkilik bolghanyn aitady. Búlardyng barlyghy ortaq bir-aq tilde, týrki (qazaq) tilinde sóilegen. Belgili ghalym, sayahatshy, etnograf G.N.Potaninning "Sibirskie kazaki" atty enbegindegi myna bir sózderine nazar audarayyqshy: "...pochty vse naselenie (kazachie) govorit kirgizskim yazykom. Dlya mnogih - eto kolybelinyy yazyk, potomu chto nyanikamy y stryapkamy zdesi byvayt kirgizki. Kirgizskiy yazyk mojno uslyshati povsudu: v tihoy besede, kotoruy vedut mejdu soboy kazaki, sidyashie na zavorinke, v razgovore yamshikov hlopochushih na stansiy okolo ekipaja proezjaishego chinovnika. Inogda daje v sude...» Potaninnyng jazyp otyr­ghany bertingi uaqyt, HIH gha­syrdyng ortasy. Ol kezde Si­bir men Qazaqstannyng sol­týs­tik aimaqtarynda bekinis­ter salynyp, orys biyligi ornay bastaghan. Biraq, osyghan qaramastan kazaktar sol ua­qytqa deyin qazaqsha sóilep kelgen eken. Taghy bir aita ketetin jayt, 1822 jyly Sibir general-gubernatory M.Speran­skiy­ding "Sibir qyrghyzdary turaly jarghysy" shyghyp, qazaq dalasynda handar biyligi joyylghanyn bile­miz. Osydan keyin Omby oblysy qúrylyp, 1825 jyly onyng jana gerbi bekitiledi. Tanghalarlyghy, atalmysh gerbte orys jauyngeri emes, atpen shauyp bara jatqan dala qazaghy beynelengen. Orys jylnamalarynda ol turaly bylay dep jazylady: "..imperator Aleksandr I utverdil gerb Omskoy oblasty - v krasnom pole shita skachushiy na serebryanom kone zolotoy vsadnik v aziatskoy odejde". Búl jogharydaghy Potanin deregin rastap túr. "Qazaq shyghyp ketu" týsini­gi sonau Altyn Ordadan arghy kezende payda bolypty. Al orys, ukraiyn, litvan jerinen dalagha qaray "qazaq bolyp" qashu odan kóp keyin, HV ghasyrdyng ayaghy men HVI ghasyrdyng basynan bastalghan eken. Osylar han-súltandardyng biyligine moyynsúnghysy kelmey, erkin ómir sýrip, "qazaq" bolyp jýr­gen dalalyqtargha kelip qosylyp, qazaq bolyp ketti dedik. Jәne búlardyng ortaq atauy "kazak" emes, týrki tilining yn­ghayyna qaray "q" әrpinen bastalyp, "qazaq" bolghany dau tudyrmaydy. Al "kazak" degen sóz "qazaqtyn" bertin ghana ózgerip, slavyandalghan núsqasy sekildi. Kazaktar sonday-aq, búryn ózderining qonys tepken ornyn "kosh" dep ataghan. Búl qazaqtyng "kósh" sózinen shyqqany belgili. Ózderining túraqtaryn ukrainsha "hutor" demey nemese oryssha "derevnya" dep atamay, "stan" degen. Búl da - qazaqtyng sózi. Onyng ýstine tóbesine aidar qoi (túlym, oseledes, hohol) týrkiler men kazaktarda, sosyn ukraindarda ghana bar. Osynyng barlyghy tek kazaktardyng ghana emes, ukraindardyng da arghy týbinde týrkiliktermen myqty baylanysy bar ekenining aighaghy (Búl jóninde M.Adji, Sh.Quanghanov, J.Bayjumin jәne t.b. jazyp jýr). HVIII ghasyrdyng 16-jyldarynan bastap Ombydan Ertis boylap qazaq jerine qaray Sibir liniyasynyn bekinis-reduttary salyna bastady. Búl kezde kazaktar ózderin ne orysqa, ne qazaqqa jatqyzbaytyn jeke soslovie bolyp qalyptas­qan edi. Búlar sol bayaghy "qazaq shyghyp" ketken týrkiler men slavyandardyn, ukraindardyng jәne t.b. toptardyng úr­paq­tary bolatyn. Atalmysh әskery bekinisterdi qorghaugha әskery kýsh retinde osy jergi­likti kazaktar tartyla bastady. Búlardyn, shyn mәninde, orystanuy da osy kezende bastalghan se­kildi. Qazaq dalasy Resey imperiyasyna birjola baghynyshty bolghannan son, ol jaqtan qonys audarushylar qatary tipti kóbeygenin bilemiz. Ásirese, 1868 jylghy "jana mizamnan" son, odan keyin HH ghasyrdyng basyndaghy Stolypin reformasynan keyin tipti qaptady. Bir qyzyghy, osy qonys audarushylardyng barlyghy búrynghy kazaktargha esh qatysy bolmasa da, ózderin "kazaktarmyz" dep ataghan. Búlardy jergilikti qazaqtar "pereselender", "qara­shek­pendiler" degen. Resey otarshylary osy "qarashekpendiler­ge" qazaqtardyng talay ghasyrlardan beri jaylap kele jatqan shúrayly jerlerin kýshtep tartyp әperip otyrghan. Qazaq bayghús ata qonysyn jaydan-jay berip qoya ma? Ol da ózinshe qarsylyq kórsetip, kelimsekting jerine malyn jayyp, shóbin órtep, qoldan kelgen qarsylyghyn jasap baghady. Osydan seskengen qonys audarushy shaghym jasap bekinis bastyghyna barady, әskery kómek súraydy. Bekinis bastyghy mynaday shart qoyady: "Men әsker berip kómektesem, biraq sen bir balandy soldattyqqa beresin". Kelimsek amalsyz kelisedi, balasyn soldattyqqa beredi. Bekinis bastyghy әsker shygharyp, qazaqtardy quyp tastaydy. Managhy soldat bop ketken bala ólsheuli merzimi bitip, әskery qyzmetin ayaqtaghan song patsha zanyna sәikes, general- gubernatordan jer súrap, "prosheniye" jazady. Búl kezde qazaq dalasy bir­jola "memlekettik" bolyp, patsha ókimetining menshigine kóshken. Qazaqtyng taghy da bir shúrayly jeri janaghy soldatqa alynyp beriledi. Qazir soltýstik ónir­ler­de qaptap ketken "Trofimovka", "Ivanovka", "Zaharovka", "Timofeevka" t.b. sol za­man­nan qalghan ataular. Al býgingi "kazaktarmyz" dep lepi­rip jýrgender - osy kelim­sek­terding úrpaqtary. Búlardyng ata-tekteri de belgisiz. Sebebi kelimsekterding ishinde orystar da, ukraindar da, belorustar da, tipti bessarabtar da bolghan. Al shyn mәnindegi kazaktar - sonau zamandarda "qazaq shyghyp" ketkender jәne solardyng úrpaqtary. Jogharyda atalghan, Sibirdi baghyndyrushy retinde әngimele­netin ataman Ermak jayly da osynday pikir aitugha bolady. Ol jalpy tarihta bolghan adam ba, bolsa qay halyqtyng ókili degen súraq tarihshylar arasynda talaydan beri talasqa týsip keledi. Shyndyghyn aitsaq, orys zertteushileri onyng kim ekeni, qay jerden shyqqany jayly naq­ty eshqanday dәiek keltire almaydy. Osydan keyin eriksiz Ermak qiyaldan tughan túlgha emes pe degen oygha qalasyn. Onyng әkesi Suzdalidan shyghyp, sosyn Murom ormandarynda túrdy deli­nedi keybir derekterde. "...oti odnogo iz nihi Timofeya rodilsya budushiy pokoriyteli hanstva Sibirskogo, nazvannyy vi pomyanutom skazaniy Vasiliyemi po prozvaniiy Ermaki, chto bud-to by na yazyke Voljskoy volinisy oznachalo "artelinyy koteli", ibo snachala Ermaki ispravlyal doljnosti razboynichiyago kashevara". Yaghni, Ermak alghashynda qaraqshylarda aspaz bolghan eken. Osynday adamnyng ayaq astynan atamangha ainalyp, Sibir sekildi ýlken bir aimaqty jaulap aluy kýdik tudyrady. Ermaktyng Sibirdi "jaulap aluyna" senimsizdik tudyratyn taghy bir dәlel, onyng Sibir jerine jayau-jalpy 800 adammen kelui. "...pry perehode za Urali, povidimomu, ne prevyshalo 800 cheloveki, vi chisle kotoryhi do 500 cheloveki byly voljskie priyshelisy, a 300 cheloveki Stroganovskie slujilye; raznyhi naiymenovaniy kazaky , beglye litovsy, plennye nemsy y prochiy prizyvnoy ily pribornyy sbrodi. Nechego govoriti o tomi, chto kaki sami Ermaki, taki y vse ego spodviyj­niy­ky byly peshie, a ne konnye" - deydi. Kórip otyrsyzdar, úzaq joldan aryp-ashyp kelgen 800 jayau adam Kóshimning attyly-jayauy aralas 4-5 myng qaruly qolyn jenip, Sibirdi jaulap aldy degenge senu tipti qiyn. Bayqasanyz, sibirlikter soghyspay, ózderi berile salghan siyaqty. Ózderinizge belgili, qazaq arasynda Ermakty Sәtbek batyr óltirdi degen anyz әngime saqtalghan. Jәne osy oqighagha arnalghan "Sәtbek batyr" dastanynyng birneshe núsqasy bar ekenin de bilemiz. Al orys tarihshylary Ermak ólimin basqasha jazady. "...Sonymen 1585 jyldyng 6 tamyzynda janbyrly týnde tatarlar olardy qorshap alyp, týgel qyrady. Qútylyp ketken Ermak strugtan (qayyqtan) Vagay ózenine sugha sekiredi, biraq auyr sauyt ony su týbine tartyp әketedi" - deydi. Qazir keybir ghalymdardyng (onyng ishinde reseylikter de bar) Ermak eshqanday orys emes, Kóshimning óz tuystarynyng biri boluy mýmkin deuinde de negiz joq emes. Rasynda da Ermak kim? Onyng shyqqan tegi men er­likke balanyp jýrgen is-әreketi kýdik tudyratynyn aittyq. Onyng Qazaqstanda sonsha dә­riptelui býgingi qoghamnyng moraldyq keypine núqsan keltir­mey me? Búny әzirshe eskerip jatqan eshkim joq.

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