Qazaq televiziyasynda, elimizding Til komiytetinde, baspada, taghy basqa salalarda ózindik qoltanbasymen qalyng qazaghynyng qúrmetine bólengen kórnekti jazushy, telepublisist, Qazaqstannyng enbek sinirgen qayratkeri, Halyqaralyq Televiziya jәne radio akademiyasynyng akademiygi, QR Preziydenti syilyghynyng iyegeri Súltan Shәripúly Orazalynyng otandyq zantanu ghylymynda atqarghan enbegining ózi nargha jýk bolarlyqtay. Býginde elordada túratyn Súltan aghamyzben telefon arqyly tildesuding sәti týsti. Hakim Abaydyng zanger, óz zamanynyng aituly bii bolghandyghy jóninde týsirilgen derekti filimnen bastalghan әngimemiz әri qaray órile berdi.

Súltan ORAZÁLI, QR Ádilet ministrligi janyndaghy «Zan-nasihat» JShS-ning bas diyrektory:

Abay jazghan «Shar erejesinde» 160-qa juyq bap bar

- Súltan agha, ilkide «Abay - qazaqtyng úly biyi» derekti filimin týsirdiniz. Qazaqtyng bas aqynyn óz zamanynyng ýlken zangeri, halyqtyng әdet-ghúryp zandaryn týptep bilgen biylerining biri retinde surettegen, sol arqyly Abay hakimning ózgeshe qyryn ashqan osy filim jóninde әngimeleseniz...

Qazaq televiziyasynda, elimizding Til komiytetinde, baspada, taghy basqa salalarda ózindik qoltanbasymen qalyng qazaghynyng qúrmetine bólengen kórnekti jazushy, telepublisist, Qazaqstannyng enbek sinirgen qayratkeri, Halyqaralyq Televiziya jәne radio akademiyasynyng akademiygi, QR Preziydenti syilyghynyng iyegeri Súltan Shәripúly Orazalynyng otandyq zantanu ghylymynda atqarghan enbegining ózi nargha jýk bolarlyqtay. Býginde elordada túratyn Súltan aghamyzben telefon arqyly tildesuding sәti týsti. Hakim Abaydyng zanger, óz zamanynyng aituly bii bolghandyghy jóninde týsirilgen derekti filimnen bastalghan әngimemiz әri qaray órile berdi.

Súltan ORAZÁLI, QR Ádilet ministrligi janyndaghy «Zan-nasihat» JShS-ning bas diyrektory:

Abay jazghan «Shar erejesinde» 160-qa juyq bap bar

- Súltan agha, ilkide «Abay - qazaqtyng úly biyi» derekti filimin týsirdiniz. Qazaqtyng bas aqynyn óz zamanynyng ýlken zangeri, halyqtyng әdet-ghúryp zandaryn týptep bilgen biylerining biri retinde surettegen, sol arqyly Abay hakimning ózgeshe qyryn ashqan osy filim jóninde әngimeleseniz...

- Úly Abay túlghasy jan-jaqty zerttelip jatyr. Biraq, bizding Abaydy tolyq zerttep, bildik dep aituymyzgha әli erte dep oilaymyn. Onyng bir belgisi, Abaydyng úly zanger bolghandyghynda jatyr.  Abaydyng óz dәrejesinde jazghan zany qazaq topyraghynda sol kezdegi Semey, Óskemen ónirine, beride Jetisugha, sonday-aq, Qytay ólkesine taraghan. Búl - Shar boyynda jasalghandyqtan «Shar erejesi» dep atalady. Shar ózenining boyynda ýsh duannyng ýlken qúryltayy bolady. Búl jiyngha general-gubernator Seklinskiy qatysady. Seklinskiy Abaymen jolyqqanda, Abay jalpy qazaq dalasyn orys zandarymen ghana basqarugha bolmaytynyn, búl elding ózining erekshelikteri bar ekenin, atadan balagha ghasyrlar boyy miras bolyp kele jatqan әdet-ghúrpy, zandary barlyghyn, kóp mәselelerdi qazaq ishinde osy zandar negizinde sheshuge bolatyndyghyn aitady. Búl kezde Abaydyng basyna qara búlt ýiirilip, keybir atqaminerler Abaydy osy jiynda qúrtamyz dep kelgen edi. Kerisinshe, Abaydyng patsha úlyqtarymen jolyqqannan keyin onyng tereng bilimdi adam ekenine kózderi jetip, eshqanday qiyanatqa barmaytynyn týsingennen keyin әlgi adamdar Abaydy tóbe by etip saylaydy. Abay Shar boyynda ýsh kýnning ishinde janyna birneshe adamdy ghana alyp, 160-qa juyq baptan túratyn zandy jasaydy. Mine, osy zandy jazu arqyly Abay qazaqtyng búrynghy zandaryn jetik biletindigin, sonymen qosa orys zandaryn da tereng biletindigin kórsetip, osylardyng barlyghyn ýilestire otyryp, ózi ómir sýrip otyrghan dәuirdegi qazaq qoghamyna qajetti zandardy jazyp shyghady. Búl zang kezinde Qazanda basylyp shyghady da, býkil qazaq dalasyna jayylady. Naqty jazylghan osy alghashqy zannan keyin Abay Jetisu ólkesinde ótken ýlken qúryltaygha da shaqyrylyp, taghy da zang jazghan degen derek bar. Biraq, ókinishke oray, ol zang saqtalmaghan. Al, Múhtar Áuezovting shygharmalarynda Shar ózenining boyynda jazylghan zannyng birneshe baptary ghana el auzynan alynyp aitylady. Keyinnen búl zang múraghattaghy derekter arqyly tabylyp, Ghabit Mýsirepovting qolyna tiyedi de, Ghabeng zannyng bir kóshirmesine shaghyn alghysóz jazyp, sol kezdegi arhivti basqaryp otyrghan jazushy Sapar Bayjanovqa beredi. Sapar Bayjanov zandy kitapsha týrinde basyp shygharyp, elge jariyalaydy. Qazir búl zang Semeydegi Abay múrajayynda saqtalyp túr.

Zimanovtyng ziyalylyghy

Abaydyng zanger retindegi әngimeleri el auzynda óte kóp. Múny akademik Salyq Zimanov Zang jәne filosofiya institutynyng diyrektory bolyp túrghan kezinde Shynghystaudaghy Abay úrpaqtarynyng bir top aqsaqaldaryna jalaqy tólep, Abaydyng zang sheshimderi, Abaydyng biyligi turaly әngimelerding barlyghyn jazdyrtyp alady. Ol jinaqtalghan әngimelerding ishinen 15 shaqtysyn ghylymy ainalymgha jiberdi. Salyq Zimanovtyng aituyna qaraghanda, tórt atasynan beri biylerding jalghasy bolyp kelgen Abay negizinde aqyn bolugha emes, óz elinde by bolugha, biylik qúrugha dayyndalghan adam eken. Abaydyng aqyndyqpen ainalyspay, kóp uaqyt aqyndyghyn jasyryp, basqa adamdardyng atynan óleng jazyp kelgeni sodan boluy mýmkin. Óitkeni, ol kezde aqynnyng bedeli aitarlyqtay bola qoymaghan. Al, Óskenbaydan bastap Qúnanbaygha, odan Abaygha jalghasqan biylik jas Abaydy búl baghytqa qatty әzirleydi. Qúnanbaydyng Abaydy jastayynan qasyna ertip jýrip, el ishindegi dau-damaydyng sheshimin qalay tabu kerektigin ýiretetini jәili «Abay joly» epopeyasynan da bilemiz. Abay «Jeti jarghyny» da, Ánet babanyng aralasuymen jazylghan qazaqtyng úly zandarynyng barlyghyn da jastayynan sinirip, jetik biledi. Sonymen qosa, orys zandaryn da oqyp, bilip otyrghan. Abaydyng jer dauy, jesir dauy, adamdar arasyndaghy kiykiljinnen tughan, úrys-keriske baylanysty aqyldylyqpen, súnghylalyqpen sheshim shygharuy tegin emes. Ásirese, Abaydyng jer dauyna, kisi ólimine baylanysty tarihta qalghan sheshimderi, Shynghystauda myndaghan adamdardyng aldynda túryp sheshim shygharghan jerleri saqtalghan.

Keyinnen Abaydyng ózi teperish kórip, elindegi biy-bolystardyng jabylyp, sabaghanynan keyin orystyng eng mәrtebeli zang ornyna jazghan shaghym haty bar. Búl shaghym hatta Abay tek ózining dýniyesin joghaltyp otyrghan joq. Abay sol kezdegi zansyzdyqtardy aityp otyr. Yaghni, nadan Orazbaylardyng ghana zorlyghyn emes, olardan para alyp, orys zandarynyng ózin búrmalap otyrghan prokuraturany, sot organdaryndaghy jýiesizdikterdi de aitady. Mine, osy hatty oqyp otyrghanda Abaydyng orys memleketindegi sot organdarynyng jýiesin, tergeu amaldarynda ketken qatelikterdi, prokuraturanyng zandy óreskel búrmalauy, sot sheshimindegi ozbyrlyqtyng barlyghyn naqty dәleldermen, ghylymy túrghydan da jýieli qylyp aityp bergenin bayqaymyz. Osynyng ózi, sol zamanda Abaydyng zang salasyn jetik bilgenining dәleli bola alady. Eger de, tariyhqa ýniletin bolsaq, patshalyq Reseyge qaraghan ondaghan elderding arasynda HIH ghasyrda zang jazghan Abaydan basqa birde-bir zanger, ghúlama shyqqan emes. Yaghni, Abay zang salasynda da birinshi qatarda túrghan jәne ýlken enbek sinirgen túlgha.

Qazaqta sonynda sózi qalghan 500-ge juyq by bar

- Shong by turaly Qalmúqan Isabay aghamyz kitap jazghanyn bilemiz. Shong by men Abay siyaqty HIH ghasyrda ómir sýrgen túlghalardy patshalyq Resey sayasaty arqyly qúrdymgha ketken qazaq dalasyndaghy biyler institutynyng songhy buyny retinde qarastyra alamyz ba?

- Qazaqtyng eng songhy bii - Shәkәrim. Yaghni, Abaydan keyin Alash orda ýkimeti qúrylghan kezende tóbe by bolyp saylanghan. Aldymen aqtar, keyin qyzyldar kelip jatqan alasapyran kezende Shәkәrim resmy týrde qazaqtyng songhy tóbe bii bolghan. Ol da barymtashysy, bir-birimen soqtyghysyp qalghany, ru arasyndaghy tartystary, jer men jesir dauy syndy el arasyndaghy mәselelerding sheshiluine qazaqtyng jolymen birneshe jyl tóreligin aitqan. Keyinnen qyzyldar kelip, barlyghyn tartyp ala bastaghan kezde Shәkәrim biylikten shettetilgen.

Qazaqta biyler kóp. Eger de biz mólsherlep aitar bolsaq, qazaqtyng ózinde 500-dey bi, olardyng artynda qalghan sózderi, biylikteri bar. Qazaqtyng biyler instituty búdan 2000 jyl búryn bastalghan. Biyler instituty ariyler zamanynan bastalady. Ol zamanda abyzdar dep atalghan. Al, abyzdardyng sony - «Enlik-Kebek» dastanynda aitylatyn Nysan abyz. Nysan abyzdyng ziraty әli kýnge deyin Shynghystaudyng bauyrynda túr. Mineki, qazaq dalasyndaghy eng songhy abyzdardyng biri Nysan abyzdyng esimi eki myng jyldyq biyler institutynyng tarihynda qaldy. «Týgel sózding týbi bir, týp atasy Mayqy bi» deydi qazaq. Tarihta Mayqy ekeu bolghan. Birinshi Mayqy b.z.d. 1000 jyl búryn týrki zamanynda ómir sýrgen adam. Ekinshi Mayqy Shynghys hannyng ong qoly, qazaq dalasynda biyleushi bolghan. Shynghys handy Shynghystauda aq kiyizge kóterip, qazaq dalasynyng biyleushisi etip jariyalaghandardyng ishinde bolghandardyng biri - Mayqy bi. Shynghys han joryqpen ontýstikke attanghanda, el biyligi Mayqy biyge qalghan. Mine, osy zamandardan beri biyler instituty qazaq dalasynda biylik qúrghan. Qazaq dalasynda keyde handardan góri biylerding sózi óktem, ýstem bolyp otyrdy. «Batyrdy eki qatynnyng biri tuady, biydi ileude biri tuady» degen kóne naqyl bar. Osynyng ózi biylerge degen kózqarasty bildiredi. Biylerding zany tolyq zandargha negizdelgen. Halyqpen birge jasasqan búl zandardan bizge Áz-Tәukening «Jeti jarghysy», Qasymhannyng qasqa joly, Esim hannyng eski joly jetti. Osy zandardan bastap Shәkәrimge deyingi biyler sheshiminde qazaqtyng әdet-ghúryp zandary negizge alynghan.

HIV ghasyrda qazaqta jazba zandary da bolghan. Búl - «Tóre bitigi» dep atalghan. Sol kezende Altaydan Dunaygha deyingi aralyqta qazaq, orys, slavyan júrttarynda qypshaq tilindegi zang ýstemdik qúrghan. Qazir búl zang zerttelip, ashyldy, endi kitap bolyp jaryqqa shyqqaly jatyr. «Bitik» degen bitim degen maghynany bildiredi. Atalghan zang armyan jazbalarynda, Europa kitaphanalarynda saqtalyp qalghan. Tipti, orysta da saqtalghan. Óitkeni, búl zandar kezinde orys shirkeulerinde de paydalanylghan. Búl - ýlken tariyh.

Marqúm akademik Salyq Zimanovtyng basshylyghymen «Qazaqtyng ejelgi zandary» atty on tomdyq jinaq jaryqqa shyqty. Múnda qazaqtyng әdet-ghúryp zandarynan bastap barlyghy bar. Búl auqymdy enbek «Mәdeny múra» memlekettik baghdarlamasy negizinde jasaldy.

Sәtpaevtyng ózi sýisingen

- Siz qazaqtyng zang ghylymyna eleuli ýles qosqan qazaqtyng biregey zangerleri turasynda derekti filimder seriyasyn shyghardynyz. Búl filimder zang salasyndaghy qanday túlghalarymyzdyng enbekterin nasihattaydy?

- Men Ádilet ministrligining alqa mýshesi, ministrlikting qúqyqtyq nasihat jәne memlekettik tildi damytu departamentining basshysy boldym. Osy qyzmette istep jýrgenimde elimizding zang salasyndaghy úly túlghalardy nasihattaumen ainalystym. Onyng ishinde Salyq Zimanov turaly týsirgen filimdi bóle-jara aitqym keledi. Akademik Salyq Zimanov qazaq zang ghylymynyng atasy bolyp sanalady. Ony kezinde Qanysh Sәtpaevtyng ózi «Qazaqstandaghy zang ghylymynyng negizin salushy» dep aitqan edi. Tipti, Salyq Zimanov Sәtpaevtan búl baghany jas kezinde alghan. Sol jas kezinde Zang jәne filosofiya institutyn qúrdy, basqarghan da ózi. Al, elimizdegi basqa zangerlerding kópshiligi Salyq Zimanovtyng izbasarlary, shәkirtteri. Sәkennen keyin Súltan Sartaev, Ghayrat Saparghaliyev, Múrat Baymahanov, Maydan Sýleymenov, Naghashybay Shәikenov, Qalimolla Halyqov, Yuriy Basiyn, Vladimir Kim turaly әrqaysysy jarty saghattyq, 40 minuttyq derekti filimder týsirdim. Múnyng aldynda «Dala danalary» atty filim týsirgen bolatynmyn. Búl filimde eki myng jyldyq tarihy bar biyler instituty turaly bayandalady. Odan keyin «Abay - qazaqtyng úly biyi» filimin týsirdim. Osynyng barlyghynda bizding zanymyzdyng damuyna ózinshe ýles qosqan túlghalar turaly aitylady. Mysaly, akademik Ghayrat Saparghaliyev songhy ýsh Konstitusiyany jazugha jetekshilik etti. Qazaqstannyng Tәuelsizdigi turaly Deklarasiyany jazyp, qorghaghan akademik Salyq Zimanov. Al, Qazaqstannyng Tәuelsizdigi turaly Zandy jazyp, Parlamentte qorghap shyqqan Súltan Sartaev edi. Kórdiniz be, otandyq zang salasynda әr túlghanyng ózindik orny bar.

Marqúm Q.Halyqov dekan bolyp túrghanynda osy seriyaly filimderding túsaukeseri Qazaq Últtyq uniyversiytetinde ótti. Sonda әr joghary oqu ornynyng zang fakulitetterinen kelgen zangerler aldynda búl derekti filimderding Qazaqstannyng zang ghylymy qalay qalyptasty, onyng kórnekti ókilderi kimder degen saualgha naqty jauap beretin qúndy dýniyeler ekendigi aityldy. Qazirgi kezde búl filimderdi studentterding qanshalyqty dengeyde paydalanylyp jýrgenin bilmeymin.

Qypshaq zandaryn orys shirkeuleri de paydalandy

- Býgingi kýni Konstitusiyamyzdyng oryndaluy, nasihattaluy qay dengeyde dep bilesiz?

- Kezinde Konstitusiyanyng qazaq tilindegi núsqasyna onsha kónil bólingen joq. Konstitusiya orys tilinde jazylghandyqtan, qazaq tilindegi audarmasy olpy-solpy audarma bolyp qaldy. Asyghys jasalghan júmys ekeni kórinip túrdy. Keyinnen búl mәsele tónireginde birneshe kólemdi maqalalar jaryq kórip, atalghan jәit Preziydentting aldyna deyin jetti. Konstitusiyanyng orysshasy men qazaqshasy arasyndaghy keregharlyqty bayqaghannan keyin múnyng bәrin jýieleu turaly tapsyrma berildi. Men Ádilet ministrligining alqa mýshesi bolatynmyn. Sol uaqyttaghy Ádilet ministri Onalsyn Júmabekov, Preziydent Kensesining bastyghy Mahmút Qasymbekov jәne taghy basqalar bar, barlyghymyz otyryp, Konstitusiyanyng qazaq tilindegi núsqasyn qayta qarap shyqtyq. Grammatikalyq, stilistikalyq qateleri men mazmúndyq jaghynan ketken kemshilikteri qaytadan týzetilip, Ádilet ministrligining resmy bekituimen Konstitusiyanyng qazaq tilindegi songhy núsqasy dayar boldy. Búl - orys tilinde jazylghan Konstitusiyamen bir dengeyde shyqty. Jalpy, Konstitusiyanyng qabyldanuy - bizding tarihymyzdaghy úly oqigha.

«Dala danalary» filiminde biyler soty men «Tóre bitigi» zanynyng 1519 - 1594 jyldary aralyghynda Altay men Dunay arasynda biylik qúrghanyn, tipti, múny orys shirkeuleri de paydalanghandyghyn, yaghni, filimning sonynda biyler zanynyng eki myng jyldy ótkerip, qazaq dalasynyng eshqashan zansyz ómir sýrmegenin, jay ghana kóship-qonyp jýrgen kóshpendi emes, barlyq tirshilik әdet-ghúryp, dala zandaryna negizdelgenin, múnyng eng songhy týiini әr órkeniyetti elding Ata Zany bolatynynday, Tәuelsiz elimizding Konstitusiyasyna úlasatyndyghymen ayaqtalatynyn aittyq.

Bizding azamattarymyzdyng kópshiligi Konstitusiyamen tolyq tanys emes. Konstitusiya kýninde ghana elimizding Ata Zany bar ekenin eske alyp, mәn beredi. Tipti, ministrlikte dayyndalyp jatqan zang jobalaryn әzirleushi júmysshy toptardyng arasynda da Konstitusiyany bile bermeytin qyzmetkerlerding úshyrasyp qalatyny bar. Parlamentting әr mýshesi Ata Zandy jatqa bilui kerek. Kez-kelgen zandy Konstitusiya ayasynda qarau kerek. Eger, Konstitusiyanyng bir tarmaghyna qayshy keletin bolsa, ol zang emes. Mine, Konstitusiyamyzdy halqymyz jetik bilui ýshin ýgit-nasihat júmystaryn keneytu qajet.

- Lingvist ghalymdar Konstitusiyamyzdyn, zandarymyzdyng qazaq tilinde әzirlenbeui onyng oryndaluyna keri әserin tiygizedi degen uәj aitady. Osyghan kelisesiz be?

-  Zannyng oryndaluy qay tilde jazylghanynda da emes shyghar... Negizi, zannyng oryndaluy jalpy tәrtipting beriktigine baylanysty jýzege asady. «Ózi jazghan zandy ózi eskermegen elding damuy keri ketedi» degen bir ghúlamanyng sózi bar. Memleketti qúldyratpau ýshin zannyng oryndaluyna ýlken manyz beru kerek.

Al, qazaq halqynyng jýregine jaqyn boluy ýshin zannyng qazaq úghymyna jaqyn qazaq tilinde jazyluy tiyis. Sonday-aq, kóshirme zandardan boydy aulaq saluymyz kerek. Óitkeni, basqa elderden kóshirip alynghan zang qazaq qoghamyna tәn bolmauy mýmkin. Men bir kezderi elimizding Avtorlyq qoghamyna jetekshilik jasadym. Sonda, Avtorlyq qúqyqty saqtau turaly zanymyzdyng tútas kóshirip alynghanyn bayqadym. Siz ben biz jurnalist bolghandyqtan, óz mýddemizdi, ziyatkerlik menshigimizdi qorghay biluimiz shart. Konstitusiyany syilau degen de osy. AQSh ziyatkerlik qúqyqty saqtaudan milliardtaghan dollar tabys tauyp otyr. Muzykalyq shygharmalarda, basqa da shygharmashylyq salalarda plagiatizm belgileri kóp. Tipti, últtyq taghamdarymyzdy bәzbireuler ózderine zandastyryp alyp jatyr. Múnyng barlyghy halyqtyng zang mәselesindegi sauattylyghynyng shamalylyghynan tuady. Sondyqtan, zandy bilu - ózindi, últyndy, elindi qorghau bolyp tabylady.

Súhbattasqan - Duman ANASh

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