Ótken jeltoqsannan osy jetoqsangha deyin qas-qaghymda bir jyl óte shyqty. Uaqyt shirkin attay shauyp, toqtausyz zaulap barady. Degenmen, osy bir jyl shiylenister men uaqighalargha toly boldy... IYә, ótken kýnderge salauat. Endi aitayyn degen oiyma kósheyin.

Qazaq jyl esebi boyynsha qarasha aiynyng 20-nan keyin «jetoqsan kiredi», al qantar aiy ótken jyldyng sony nemese keler jyldyng basy bolyp esepteledi. Sol ýshin qazaq jetoqsan aiyna erekshe mәn bergen.

Qazaq jetoqsan aiynda qyz úzatpaghan, kelin týsirmegen, qúda týspegen, as bermegen, qonaq shaqyrmaghan, qonaq asy bermegen. Dәlirek aitqanda toy jasamaydy. Nege? Sebebi, búl ay jyldyng sony bolghandyqtan malshy qauymnyng barlyq esep-qisap qorytyndysy osy aigha qatysty. Búl aida, maldyng aryq túraghyn, kәri qúrtanyn retteydi, sorttaydy, satady, aiyrbastaydy. Sýitip keler jylgha qystan shygha alatyn, kýili, semiz, auru syrqaudan, dert-derbezden aman maldardy iriktep, qystaulyqqa ornalastyrady. Otargha aidatady. Barlyq adam qarbalas tirlikten bosay almaydy. Osyny eskergen, qazaq halqy jetoqsan aiyn «sapar aiy» dep te ataydy.

Al jeltoqsannyng 2-jartysynan bastap auyl bitken jappay soghym soygha kirisedi. Ádette soghymgha tu siyr, tu biye, qar suymen jiberilgen qúr at jәne tu qoylar soyylady. Tórt tu qoy, bir tu siyrgha ne jylqygha baghalanady. Ár auyldyng yspar pysyq әlekedey jalanghan soghymshylary bolady. Iri qarany soygha tórt jigitten kem bolmaydy. Olardyng bauyzdau pyshaghy, teri sypyratyn pyshaghy, et búzatyn, omyrtqanyng jigin aiyratyn júmyr istigi, jilik bóletin saymandary sayma-say tolyq bolady. Maldyng batasyna auyl aqsaqaldary tútas shaqyrylady. Batadan keyin aq soghym soy bastalady. Bauyzdalghan maldyng qasyna iyt, mysyq, qústardy jolatpaydy. Qan jyn,bezinde jegizbeydi. Qúsqa shoqytpaydy. Maldyng ishek-qarnyn aqtaryp bolghannan keyin birneshe týiir etti istikke shanshyp, otqa qaqtap ýiding iyesi auyz tiyedi. Búl soghymymyzdy otbasymyzgha búiyrtyp jegizsin degen úghym. Sodan keyin, kereksiz zattardy, it qústyng jeuine rúqsat. Al, aldymen it nemese qús auyz tiyse, soghym ózimizge búiyrmay, it jemi bolyp ketedi dep yrymdaghan. Bir kónil bóletin nәrse, soghym siyr bolsa, qan jynyn tereng qazyp, iysi shyqpastay kómip tastaydy. Óitpegende auyldyng siyrlary qan jyngha kelip, ókirip, auyldy basyna kóterip, azan-qazan qylady.

Maldyng terisi sypyrylyp, qolyn sanyn ajyratqan son, birneshe jigit moyyn etinen quyrdaq turaugha otyrady. Soghymshylardyng soyghany jylqy bolsa, sýieksiz shyntaq qazy jasap alugha rúqsat. Al siyr bolsa, shújyq jasap aluyna bolady. Soghym soyylyp bolghan son, júrt mәre sәre bolyp, alqa-qotan bolyp quyrdaqqa otyrady.

Qaytar shaghynda soghymshylargha qolkeser dep, mol quyrdaqtyq et beredi. Qolyna aqtyq baylaydy. Auylda birde bir otbasy soghymsyz qalmaydy. Eger shynymen jaghdaysyz, joq-jitik otbasy bolsa auyl aqsaqaldary bardam adamdargha mindettep, 4-5 qoy jinap beredi. Soghym soi nauqany, jarty aigha sozylady. Osy jarty aida, soghym soyylyp bolu kerek. Óitpegende, jeltoqsannyng 22-si kýn men týn tenelgennen keyin qatty ayaz bastalady. Et pen terining arasyn ayaz alyp, mal aryqtay bastaydy. Sondyqtan qazekeng jeltoqsan aiyn osy bir qarbalastyqty eskere otyryp, «sapar aiy» nemese «soghym aiy» dep te aitady. Al endi, maldary ornalastyrylyp, soghym soyylyp, otyn, jem shóp bәri qamtamasyz bolghannan keyin, kónili toq, shat shadyman júrt, soghym basqa shaqyrudy bastaydy. Mine búl, ish jýzinde birer aigha sozylatyn ýlken nauqan, ýlken meyram. Osy orayda halqymyzdyng soghym aiy dәstýrin janghyrtyp, jeltoqsan aiynyng qalaghan bir kýnin «soghym merekesi» dep ataudy úsynamyn.

Slamhat Seythamza

Abai.kz