1961 jyldyng 12 sәuirinde jer orbitasynda 108 saghat bolyp, qaytyp oralghan Yuriy Gagarin gharysh kenistiginde alghashqy ret bolghan adam retinde tariyhqa endi. Alayda búl jetistikke Kenes Odaghy nemis tehnologiyasynyng arqasynda jetkeninen kópshilik beyhabar edi.

Nemis kinorejisseri Martin Hubner «Stalins deutsche Elite. Deutsche Spezialisten im Dienste der Sowjetunion» («Stalinning nemis elitasy. Nemis mamandary Kenes Odaghynyng qyzmetinde») atty derekti filimde Stalin soghystan keyin keshegi jaulardy qalay paydalanghanyn bayandaydy. Ekinshi dýniyejýzilik soghystyng songhy kezeninde nemister jasap shygharghan alystan basqarylatyn V-2 (Fau-2) reaktivti raketalary Amerikany da, Kenes Odaghyn da qyzyqtyryp, eki jaq ta búl tehnologiyany qolgha týsiruge jantalasa kirisedi. Múnyng bolashaqta gharyshty iygeruge manyzy zor ekenin bәsekelester jaqsy týsingen.

Biraq 1945 jyldyng sәuirinde Nordhauzendegi zauytqa jetken Kenes әskerleri jer sipap qalady. Ondaghy raketagha qatysty qújattar men syzbalardy, tehnikalyq qondyrghylardy amerikandyqtar alyp ketken edi. Osydan song Mәskeu Fau zymyrandaryn jasau qúpiyasyn iygeru ýshin nemis mamandaryn óz jaghyna tartugha kóshedi. Kenes okkupasiyasy aumaghyndaghy Shtasfurt, Yena, Berliyn, Dessau qalalarynan búryn fashisterge qyzmet etken injenerler men konstruktorlardy jinap alyp Turingendegi Blayherode zauytynda Fau óndirisin qayta jandandyrady.

Búl kezde Fau zymyranynyng bas konstruktory Verner fon Braun amerikandyqtar jaghyna ótip ketken edi. Biraq onyng orynbasary Helimut Gertrup NKVD-nyng qarmaghyna týsedi. Nemis mamandary orystargha qúpiyany ashqysy kelmeydi. Biraq Mәskeu olardyng aldyna eki tandau qoyady: Sibirge aidalyp atylu nemese joghary jalaqy, kerektining bәrimen qamtamasyz etilip, óz mamandyqtary boyynsha júmystaryn jalghastyru. Basqa jol qalmaghan nemis injenerleri songhysyn tandaydy.

1946 jylghy 15 mamyrda SSRO Ministrler Kenesining «Reaktivti qaru mәseleleri» atty qaulysy shyghady. Onda shyghys Germaniya aumaghyndaghy reaktivti Fau zymyrandary óndirisine, negizgi kәsiporyndardy Kenes Odaghyna kóshiruge basa nazar audarylady. 1946 jyldyng 22 qazanynda týn ortasynan aua arnauly әsker toptary nemis mamandarynyng ýilerine basa-kóktep kirip, shúghyl týrde jinalugha búiryq beredi.   Sol kýni tang ata V-2 zymyrandary, tehnikalyq jabdyqtar jәne konstruktorlar men injenerler tiyelgen poyyz Blayherodeden shyghyp Stalingradqa tayau Kapustin Yar synaq alanyna jol tartady. Kapustin Yarda zymyrandar týsirilip, mamandar Mәskeu men Leningrad arasyndaghy qúpiya qalashyqqa jetkiziledi.  Dessaudan shyqqan ekinshi poyyzben mamandardyng basqa bir bóligi Kuybyshev týbindegi nemister qysqasha Upra dep atap ketken Upravlencheskiy kentine әkelinedi.

Kenes ýkimeti nemis mamandaryna jayly pәter berip, mol jalaqy tólep, soghystan keyingi auyr jaghdaygha qaramastan azyq-týlikpen tolyq qamtamasyz etip erekshe jaghday jasaydy. Jer audarylghan injenerding balasy Hilimar Bauman: «Bizde qajettining bәri boldy. Biraq altyn tordaghy qústyng kýnin keshtik. Qalashyqtan tys jerge attap basugha bolmaytyn. Jergilikti túrghyndar bizding túrmysymyzgha qyzghana qarap, jek kóretin. Olardyng kózimen qaraghanda biz fashister edik» dep eske alady.

Nemister ózderine tәn úqyptylyqpen tapsyrylghan júmysty minsiz atqardy.  Kapustin Yarda Blayherodeden kelgennen song bir jyl ótkende birinshi raketa úshyryldy. Synaq sәtti bolghannan keyin Kremli nemis mamandaryn qajetsinbey qaldy. Nemister búrynghysha joghary jalaqy alyp, sovet azamattarynyng týsine de kirmegen jayly túrmys keship jatty, biraq eshqanday júmysqa tartylmady. Helimut Gertrup Mәskeuge: «Bizge júmys berinder, nemese elimizge qaytaryndar» dep hat joldaydy. Biraq oghan eshqanday jauap bolmaydy. Sonynan nemisterdi zymyran óndirisine esh qatysy joq zauyttardaghy janama júmystargha tartady. Biraq óz mamandyqtarynan qol ýzip qalghan konstruktorlar men injenerler búghan narazy bolady.

Tek arada bes jyl ótkende nemis mamandaryna otandaryna qaytugha rúqsat berilip, 1952 jyldyng kýzinde olardyng alghashqy bóligi Germaniyagha oralady. «Soghystan keyin orystar shyghys Germaniyadan shokoladtan bastap jazu mashinkasy, kәsiporyndardaghy qúral-jabdyqtargha deyin bәrin Kenes Odaghyna әketti» dep eske alady Hilimar Bauman.

Sol jyldary Kenes Odaghy kәsiporyndarynda ýsh mynnan asa nemis mamandary zymyran shygharu, atom energetikasy salasyndaghy fizik ghalymdar, injenerler men konstruktorlar júmys istegen eken. Stalinning «nemis elitasy» bolmasa Kenes Odaghy gharyshty baghyndyryp, atom qaruyna ie bola alar ma edi?

Marat Ermúqanov

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