Últtyq apatty әrdayym este ústau manyzdy
Kenes NÚRPEYIS*,
Qazaqstan Respublikasy Ghylym Akademiyasynyng akademiygi, tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor.
Beybit QOYShYBAEV,
jazushy, tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty.
Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Preziydenti N.Á.Nazarbaevtyng arnayy Jarlyghymen Jalpyúlttyq tatulyq pen sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu jyly retinde jariyalanghan 1997 jyl boyy elimizding tarihyndaghy kólenkeli tústargha airyqsha nazar audaryldy. Tarihy zerdeni janghyrtu, tarihpen tәrbiyleu arqyly jalpyúlttyq tatulyqty nyghayta týsu orayynda kóp júmys tyndyryldy. Qasiretti belesterde nәubetke úshyraghandar jasyryn jerlengen oryndardy anyqtau, anyqtalghan qorym-zirattardy tiyisti kýige keltiru, bastaryna qúlpytas-eskertkishter ornatu, búryn ornatylghandaryn kýtimge alu, jazyqsyz jazalanghan bozdaqtar aruaghyna taghzym etu sharalary jer-jerde jýzege asyryldy. Sodan beri qayghyly jyldar qúrbandaryna baghyshtalghan múnday sharalar jylma-jyl jalghasyn tauyp keledi. Sol jyly bekem negizdelgen Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni elimizde jyl sayyn әrbir 31 mamyrda mindetti týrde atap ótilip keledi.
1.
Búrynyraqta osy data 30-jyldardaghy alapat ashtyq qúrbandaryn eske alyp aza tútatyn kýn retinde belgilengen-di...
Kenes NÚRPEYIS*,
Qazaqstan Respublikasy Ghylym Akademiyasynyng akademiygi, tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor.
Beybit QOYShYBAEV,
jazushy, tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty.
Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Preziydenti N.Á.Nazarbaevtyng arnayy Jarlyghymen Jalpyúlttyq tatulyq pen sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu jyly retinde jariyalanghan 1997 jyl boyy elimizding tarihyndaghy kólenkeli tústargha airyqsha nazar audaryldy. Tarihy zerdeni janghyrtu, tarihpen tәrbiyleu arqyly jalpyúlttyq tatulyqty nyghayta týsu orayynda kóp júmys tyndyryldy. Qasiretti belesterde nәubetke úshyraghandar jasyryn jerlengen oryndardy anyqtau, anyqtalghan qorym-zirattardy tiyisti kýige keltiru, bastaryna qúlpytas-eskertkishter ornatu, búryn ornatylghandaryn kýtimge alu, jazyqsyz jazalanghan bozdaqtar aruaghyna taghzym etu sharalary jer-jerde jýzege asyryldy. Sodan beri qayghyly jyldar qúrbandaryna baghyshtalghan múnday sharalar jylma-jyl jalghasyn tauyp keledi. Sol jyly bekem negizdelgen Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni elimizde jyl sayyn әrbir 31 mamyrda mindetti týrde atap ótilip keledi.
1.
Búrynyraqta osy data 30-jyldardaghy alapat ashtyq qúrbandaryn eske alyp aza tútatyn kýn retinde belgilengen-di...
Bәri Kenester Odaghyndaghy biyleushi partiyanyng jariyalylyq pen qayta qúru sayasatyn jariyalauynan, sóitip, azamattar sanasyn shengeldegen ruhany qúrsaudy birtindep bosatuynan bastalghan. Bizding elimizde - әigili Seksen altynshy jyl dýmpuinen keyingi yzgharly jazalaular kezeni aqyry artta qalyp, úzaq jyldarda tútasyp-qatqan iydeologiyalyq ton-múzdyng soryna, demokratiyalyq "altyn kýrek" eseley eskennen bastalghan...
Totalitarlyq dәuir auyzgha alugha tyiym salghan sayasi jazalaular men asharshylyq shyndyghy 1988 jyldan qazaq baspasózining ózekti taqyrybyna ainaldy. Sol jylghy jaz sonynda, Mәskeude "Memorial" tarihi-aghartu qoghamyn qúru qozghalysyna baylanysty, stalindik lageriler tauqymetin tartqan bir top "halyq jauy" jarlary onyng baghdarlamasyna qoldaushylyq bildirip, "Qazaq әdebiyeti" gazetinde ýndeu-hat bastyrdy. Odan bir top jas qalamger 30-jyldarghy repressiyalar men 32-jylghy alapat ashtyq qúrbandaryn este qaldyru sharalaryn oilastyrudy úsyndy. Eki ýndeude de jazyqsyz jandar ruhyn ardaqtaytyn simvolikalyq eskertkish ornatu jayy kóterilgen edi.
*akademik K.Núrpeyis 2007 jyly dýniyeden ótti.
Búl mәsele keshikpey arnayy úiym qúrugha úlasty. Sol jyldyng sonyna qaray jazyqsyz japa shekkender men olardyng úrpaqtary, jazushylar, ghalymdar, jurnalister, ózge de júrtshylyq ókilderining qatysuymen úiymdastyru komiyteti qúryldy. 1989 jyldyng sәuirinde úiysu konferensiyasy ótkizilip, Qazaqstannyng "Ádilet" tarihi-aghartu qoghamy shanyraq kóterdi.
Qasiretti nauqandar qúrbandaryna eskertkish qon mәselesi onyng qyzmetining manyzdy baghyttarynyng birine ainaldy. Arnayy esepshot ashyldy. Oghan jer-jerden qoldau kórsetilip jatty. "Ádilettin" zerde kitabyn jasau isi kópting sharuasyna ainaldy. Jambyl oblysyndaghy Sarysu audandyq ólketanu muzeyining diyrektory Tóken Maqashev qogham iydeyasyna alghashqylardyng biri bolyp ýn qosty - ol týgel qyrylyp ketuding az-aq aldynda qalghan audan halqynyng sayasy qughyn-sýrginder men asharshylyq saldarynan bastan keshken qiyametteri jayyndaghy kónekóz qarttardyng estelikterin jazyp aldy. Ál-Faraby atyndaghy Qazaq memlekettik uniyversiytetining tarih fakulitetinde ústaz-ghalymdar Talas Omarbekov pen Qambar Atabaevtyng jetekshiligimen "32-ning zúlmaty" atty ghylymiy-zertteu ýiirmesi qúryldy. Studentter ashtyqtan aman qalghan tiri kuәlerding estelikterin jinau maqsatymen ghylymy ekspedisiyalargha shyqty, izdestiru júmystarynyng nәtiyjeleri boyynsha konferensiyalar ótkizdi.
Kýshtep újymdastyrudyng astaryn, alapat asharshylyqtyng qasiretti kelbeti men tamyryn ashumen Qazaq KSR Ortalyq mrraghatyndaghy jastardyng tarihi-aghartu birlestigi shúghyldandy. Jekelegen ghalymdar búl taqyrypqa eleuli ghylymy jrmystar jazdy. Respublika Ghylym akademiyasynyng Shoqan Uәlihanov atyndaghy Tarih jәne etnologiya institutynda irgeli zertteuler jýrgizildi. Tarihymyzgha janasha kózqaras qalyptasty. Osy rettegi qoghamdyq pikirge - elimizdin tәuelsizdigin jariya etisimen, Jogharghy Kenes te sergek ýn qosty: beldi ghylymy mekemeler men bedeldi ghalymdardyng qatysuymen, 1931-1933 jyldarghy jappay kýshtep újymdastyrugha jәne onyng qayghyly saldaryna ainalghan ashtyq nәubetine shynayy memlekettik baghasyn tújyrymdady. Qazaq halqynyng últtyq qasiretin aza tútyp eske alyp túrudy dúrys dep tapty. Ár jylghy 31 mamyrdy úly nәubet qúrbandaryn eske týsiru kýni bolsyn dep belgiledi.
Alayda ony mәn-maghynasyna say qaraly-saltanatty is-sharalarmen atap ótip túru dәstýrge ainalyp ýlgermegen-di. Onyng bastalmay jatyp siyrqúiymshaqtalyp bara jatqany alghashqy jyly-aq mәlim bolghan. Osy joldar avtorlarynyng biri 1992 jylghy 25 mamyrda «Almaty aqshamy» gazeti tilshisining súraqtaryna bergen jauabynda (B.Qoyshybay-úrpaghy. «Qasiretti úmytpa!») asharshylyqty eske týsiru kýnin atap ótuge әzirlikten góri samarqaulyq kózge úratynyn aityp, onyng sebepterining biri retinde - tek partiya úranyna, yaghny biylikting úiymdastyrushylyq qarqynyna qarap әreket etuge daghdylanyp qalghandyghymyzdy, azamattyq belsendiligimizding tómen de jaltaqtyghyn aitqan edi. Al jana biylik buyndaryna qoyylghan «reformatorlar» qazaq qasiretining astaryn týsine bermeytin. Qazaqty óz jerinde azshylyq etken sayasatqa janama týrde bolsa da barshanyng qatystylyghyn paryqtay qoymaytyn. Sondyqtan da kópshilikting «shamyna tiymeudi» qalaytyn. Sóitip, búl adamgershilik-imandyq sharagha keng kólemdi úiymdastyru-nasihat júmysyn jýrgizu arqyly qalyng júrtshylyqty tartyp-qamtu «azabyna» jegilgennen góri, әlipting artyn baghudy qolayly kóretin.
Qoghamdyq-sayasy tynys-tirshiliktegi osy mәselege beyjay qaraudyng últtyq-memlekettik mýdde kózdeytin múrattargha jauap bermeytindigi anyq edi. Múnday qighashtyqty jalpyúlttyq tatulyqty qasterlep saqtau jәne ótken kezenderde qasiretti izderi jatqan sayasy qughyn-sýrginderding ashy shyndyqtaryn aiqara ashu arqyly týzeuge bolatyny dәl angharyldy. Búl iske, jogharyda aitqanymyzday, arnayy aidar taghylghan bir jyl boyy kónil bólindi. Osy joldar avtorlarynyng biri elimizding bas gazetine arnauly jyldyng mәn-maghynasyn On altynshy jәne Seksen altynshy jyldar arasyndaghy jazalaular men ashtyq qyrghyndary qasiretine toly belester oqighalaryn ghylymy jýielep, dәiekti úsynys bildirgen maqala jariyalady (K.Núrpeyisúly. «Qasiret qúrbandaryna eskertkish-panteon ornatylsa - eldigimizding taghy bir belgisi bolar edi...» «Egemen Qazaqstan», 9 qantar 1997 j.).
Repressiya qúrbandaryn eske týsirudi barsha últ ókilderining tatulyghy men kelisimine sabaqtastyra qaraghan sol 1997 jyldan bastap - Asharshylyq nәubeti qrrbandaryn eske alu kýnining mazmúndyq auqymy keneytildi. Sol jyldan bermen 31 mamyr - Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qrrbandaryn eske alu kýni dep ataldy. Ashtyqtyng da joyqyn sayasy jazalaular jýrgizgen stalinizm saldary ekenin týisingen júrt ony jaqsy qabyldady. Sodan, Preziydent Pәrmenimen sayasy repressiyalar qúrbandaryn eske alatyn kýn retinde belgilengennen beri, mamyr aiynyng songhy júldyzy - kýntizbektegi memlekettik biylikting barsha buyny tarapynan nazarda ústalatyn erekshe kýnderding biri bolyp tabylady. Sóitip, búl azaly kýn jana mәrtebesimen býkilhalyqtyq moyyndaugha ie boldy. Búl kýni memlekettik organdar men qoghamdyq úiymdardyng jәne júrtshylyqtyng ókilderi sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryna ornatylghan eskertkishterge gýl shoqtaryn qoyyp taghzym etudi, jana eskertkishter túrghyzu syndy sharalargha mindetti týrde qatysudy ýrdiske ainaldyrdy.
Osynday jiyndarda elimiz bastan keshken jappay repressiyalar jyldary jazyqsyz atylghan azamattar aruaghyna bas iyip qúrmet kórsetumen qatar, qarapayym halyqty qor qylyp, búryn-sondy eshqashan tarihta bolmaghan qyrghyngha úshyratqan asharshylyq ta sayasy qughyn-sýrgin saldary retinde oryndy atalyp jýr. Brl orayda tek sózben shektelmeudi azamattyq paryzy sanap, belsendi әreketimen el rizashylyghyna bólengen is adamdary da baryn aitu kerek: Almaty oblysynyng Aqsu auyly internatynda Otyz ekinshi jyly ashtan qyrylghan toqsan bala jerlengen oryngha 2002 jylghy 31 mamyrda jeke beynetqor kýshimen eskertkish qoyyldy...
Degenmen sonau qaraly nәubetting atyn atap, týsin týstep mәn beru dengeyi jetkiliksiz dәrejede. Olay deytinimiz, qylmysty sayasat tughyzghan alapat ashtyq halqymyzdyng ósip-ónuine sandyq ta, sapalyq ta túrghyda oisyrata ziyan tiygizdi. Onyng auyr saldarlary aityp-jetkizgisiz, tiri qalghan el-júrttyng basyna salghan auyrtpalyghy úshan-teniz. Solardy biz eshqashan úmytpaugha tiyispiz. Búl bolashaq ýshin, Tәuelsizdik túghyryn nyghayta týsu ýshin qajet. Alayda sonau orny tolmas qayghy-qasiretti auqymyna say eske alyp, aza tútu rәsimi elimizde әzirge qalyptasar emes.
Qazaqstan tarihi-aghartu «Ádilet» qoghamynyng basqarmasy osy orayda alandaushylyq bildirip otyr. Mәselege júrtshylyq nazaryn audarudy jón kórip, ortagha kóp bolyp oilasugha tamyzyq bolarlyqtay oy tastaudy «Ádilet» ózining mýsheleri retinde osy joldar avtorlaryna jýktedi. Aldarynyzdaghy maqala sonday sebeppen jazylghan edi. Sony oqyrmandar talqysyna úsyna otyryp, elimizding qiyn-qystauly damu taghdyrynda kýrt betbúrysty oryn alghan asharshylyq syndy qayghyly kezender shyndyghynyng tolyq mәninde ashylmaghanyna, jariyalylyq jyldarynan beri kópshilikke әigi bolghan jәitterding ózi belgili bir dәrejede júrtshylyq sanasynan óshe bastaghanyna, tipti úmytylghanyna jәne osy orayda qolgha alynugha tiyis sharalardyng keybirine kópshilik nazaryn audarudy boryshymyz sanaymyz.
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Asharshylyqqa nelikten airyqsha nazar audaru qajet? Sebebi ol tútqiyldan kezdeysoq tap bolghan zobalang emes-ti. Sebebi ol patshalyq kezinen tughyzylyp, kenestik kezende josparly týrde óristetilgen nәubet edi, ol - bolishevikterding kóshpendilerge jasaghan genosiydining saldary bolatyn. Býginde ashyq moyyndaytyn shaq tudy ghoy - bolishevizmning repressiyalarmen astastyra jýrgizgen "ashtyq sayasaty" (M.Shoqay) qazaq halqyna jer betinen halyq retinde mýldem joyylyp ketu qaupin tóndirdi.
Jәne bir emes, - birneshe mәrte.
Halyq sanasyna Otyz ekinshi jyldyng tereng iz qaldyrghany belgili. Sodan beri de, mine, baqanday jetpis jyldan astam uaqyt óte shyghypty. Shyn mәninde halyqty HH ghasyrda aityp jetkizgisiz Últtyq Apatqa úryndyrghan (kóshpeli qazaqty qynaday qyryp salghan ashtyq zobalanyn búltalaqtatpay, tap osylay - «Últtyq Apat» dep ataghan jón), qayghy-qasireti kól-kósir jyl. Áytse de, patshalyq Resey imperiyasynyng otarlyq qúldyghynan azat bolghan qazaqtyn Kenestik Resey Federasiyasy qúramynda avtonomiya aldym dep mәz bolghanyn týsingenimizben, sonau qoldan jasalghan jalpyúlttyq tragediyagha kezdeysoq úrynbaghandyghyn әri onyng jalghyz ret soghyp óte shyqpaghandyghyn zerdeleu lәzim. Jәne onyng tereng tamyry - rejim auysqanmen sabaqtastyghyn joghaltpaghan otarlaushylyq pighylda jatqanyn úghyna bilu jón.
Barshagha mәlim, HVSh-HIH ghasyrlardaghy Resey tarapynan maqsatty týrde jýrgizilgen jaulap alular nәtiyjesinde qazaq memlekettigi joyyldy. Jeri men halqy imperiya qúramyna engizilip, týrli reseylik әkimshilik birlikterge bólshektendi. Qazaq ólkesin orys jerine, halqyn, etnikalyq týri bólekshe bolsa da, kәdimgi orys mújyghyna ainaldyrudyng keng kólemdi sharalary jýzege asyryla bastady. Qazaqstan eldigin joghaltty. Sodan beri, tek HH ghasyrdyng alghashqy shiyregining sonynda ghana, is jýzinde túnghysh ret jer-suy men halqynyng negizgi qúramy bir shanyraq astyna biriktirildi.
Avtonomiyalyq memlekettiligining irgesi keneytilgende, 1925 jyly shaqyrylghan Qazaqstannyng Birinshi (besinshi) Kenester sezinde qazaq basyna týsken problemanyng tarihy tamyry jýielep ashylghan-dy. Sol qúryltayda Qazaq ólkesining otarlanuynda:
1. óz erikterimen qonystanugha orys jerinen kelgen qily baq izdeushiler, qashqyndar jasaghan otarlau (búl HVI ghasyrdan bastaldy);
2. orys ýkimetinin sauda-ónerkәsip mýddesin kózdegen әskeriy-әkimshilik otarlauy (búl HVIII ghasyrdan bastaldy);
3. HIH ghasyrdyng sony men HH ghasyrdyng basynan beri - orys sharualaryn kóshirip-qonys audartu jolymen otarlau ispetti ýsh basty dәuir bolghany taldap aityldy.
Orys ýkimeti shyghysqa tereng súghynudy kózdegen imperialistik maqsattaryn jýzege asyru ýshin qazaq dalasyna Oral, Orynbor, Ertis jelileri boyynsha iri-iri senimdi jasaqtaryn ornyqtyrdy. Olar qazaqtardy Jayyq, Tobyl, Ertis ózenderi boyyndaghy ýirenshikti ata qonystarynan quyp, mal baghu sharuashylyghynyng qalypty jaghdayyn zorlyqpen ózgertti. Sonday әreketterimen qazaqty ghasyrlar boyy qalyptasqan atakәsip negizderinen aiyryp, ekonomikalyq dәuletin qatty oisyratty.
Ásirese otarlaudyng ýshinshi kezeni zor zalal tiygizdi. Búl shaqta ishki Reseyding jer daghdarysyn sheshu, әri «qazaqtyng jerin iygerip-kórkeytu» ýshin (Stolypiyn) patshalyq әkimshilik Qazaqstangha lek-legimen múghajyrlar (pereselender) kóshin tókken edi. Osy orys kóshi mýddesine qazaqtan tartyp alynghan jer kólemi 1916 jylgha deyin 40.647.765 desyatina bolghan-tyn (1 desyatina 1,09 gektargha ten). Búl mólsher barlyq shúrayly, ómir sýruge qolayly jerler aumaghynan asyp ketken-di. Al shúrayly jerler kýlli qazaqtyq territoriyanyn besten birinen de az mólsherde-tin. Jer komissariatynyng 1925 jylghy mәlimeti boyynsha - barlyq jer aumaghy 202.962.345 desyatina, onyng ishinde jaramdy jer kólemi 38.170.000 desyatina edi. «Pereselen tolqynynyng qysymymen qazaq brqarasy... shóbi jútan, suy az, qúmdauyt jerlerge yghysugha mәjbýr boldy. Osy apatty sayasat Ólke ekonomikasyn tez qúldyratty. Eger ótken ghasyrdyng 70-jj. bir qazaq sharuashylyghyna 59 bas maldan kelse, 1914-1915 jj. pereselen qozghalysynyng artuymen búl sifr 25-26 basqa deyin tómendedi», - delindi 1925 jylghy qúryltayda.
Otarlyq jýie qazaq basyna tóndirgen qauipti HH-ghasyrdyng basynda, Birinshi orys revolusiyasy qarsanynda qazaq ziyalylary zayyr sezinip, qorghanu joldaryn oilastyrugha úmtyldy. Biraq olardy patsha ýkimetining qúpiya polisiyasy tez әshkerelep, jazalau sharalaryn qoldandy. Sonda ziyalylar revolusiya dýmpuimen ómirge kelgen jogharghy zang shygharushy organgha ýmit artty. Halyq ókilderi jigerimen biyik biylik nazaryn qazaq mýddesine audartugha әrekettendi. Mәselen, 1-Memlekettik Duma minbesinen orynborlyq deputat Timofey Sedelinikov jerinen airylyp jatqan qazaqtyng kedeyshilikke úrynghanyn әngime etti. Torghaylyq deputat Ahmet Birimjanov Dumagha әli kelip jetpegen qazaq deputattary ýshin agrarlyq komissiyadan qosymsha oryn kózdelui qajettigin kóterdi. 2-Memlekettik Dumada semeylik deputat Temirghaly Núrekenov kedeyshilikke, jútqa úshyrap, qayyr súrap ketken bosqyn qazaqtargha ýkimet tarapynan jәrdem berilu kerektigi mәselesin kóterdi. Al oraldyq deputat Baqytjan Qarataev ýkimetting sharualardy ishki Reseyden «jana jerlerge» qonys audartu arqyly qazaqty jer-sudan aiyrghan múghajyr (pereselen) sayasatyn synaghan ataqty sózin sóiledi. Biraq olardyng birde-biri biylikke únaghan joq, imperator búlargha eki Memlekettik Dumany da tarqatyp jiberuimen, әri búratanalardy búdan bylay saylau qúqyghynan aiyrghan «3 mausym» zanyn shygharuymen jauap berdi.
Patsha ýkimetining agrarlyq sayasatyn 2-Memlekettik Duma mýshesi B.Qarataev onyng komissiyalarynda atqarghan júmysy retimen de, ózining qazaq mýddesin qorghau joldaryn izdestiru orayymen de jiti zerttedi. Ýkimetting HH ghasyrda qazaqtardyng kóshpeli ómir saltyn mýldem joyatyn josparyn iri lauazymdy patsha chinovniygi auzynan estidi. (Degenmen kóshpeli ómir saltynyng omyrtqasyn birjolata ýzudi sarizm emes, sabaqtas «demokratiyasymen» bolishevizm jýzege asyrdy). Patsha ýkimetining naqty is-әreketin pereselen basqarmasynyng kýndelikti is-daghdysynan kórip otyrdy. Shúrayly jer-sudyng jyrymdalyp kelimsekter qolyna ótip jatqanyn naqty mysaldarmen dәleldep, onyng basty sebepterin dәrmensizdene taldady (búghan onyn Vernyidaghy uniyversiytettes joldasy Barlybek Syrtanovqa 10-jyldary jazghan, 30-jyldary baspasózde jariya bolghan haty kuә). Aqyry, qazaq ýshin endi tek túrmys saltyn qayta qúru ómirsheng bolmaghyn paryqtap, ýkimet sayasatyna beyimdeludi qolayly kórdi. Árkimge jer ýlesin alyp otyryqshylyqqa kóshu qajettigin uaghyzdady, ózi bas bolyp poselke saldy. Alayda ol bastamanyng ghúmyry úzaq bolmady, ony qazaq ziyalylarynyng Álihan Bókeyhanov bastaghan ekinshi beldi toby qabyl almady. Á.Bókeyhanov patsha chinovnikteri úsynghan jer ýlesi mólsherine mýldem qarsy boldy, ol is jýzinde kóshpeli ómir salty men mal sharuashylyghyn saqtau jaghynda edi. Al otyryqshylyqqa sol jyldarghy mәjbýrlik yqtimal etken evolusiyalyq jolmen beyimdelmegen qazaq tirshiligi bolisheviktik kýrt betbúrys nauqandarynda qanday qayghyly kýige týskeni belgili...
«HH ghasyrdyng qyzyl topalany» atanghan bolishevizm biylikke kelgen bette jergilikti halyqtar mýddesin kózge ilgen joq. Olardyng ómir sýru qúqyghynyng ózine kýdikpen qarady. Sol kezgi sayasy oqighalardyng bel ortasynda jýrip, naqty kuәlik qaldyrghan Túrar Rysqúlov enbekterinen býginde keng mәlim: әlemdik revolusiya órtin órshite týsudi maqsat etken «lenindik gvardiyanyn» aldynghy sapyndaghylar kóshpeli qazaqtardy markstik kózqaras túrghysynan bәribir qúryp bituge tiyis, ekonomikalyq jaghynan әljuaz top dep eseptedi, - sondyqtan, olardy ashtan qútqaramyn dep shyghyndanghannan, bar qarjyny azamat soghysy maydandaryndaghy qyzylәskerlerdi qoldaugha júmsau manyzdy...
Qazaqtyng dәstýrli sharuashylyghy, jogharyda aitqanymyzday, otarlyq ezgige týskeli kýizelu ýstinde-di, al On altynshy jylghy últ-azattyq kóterilis oqighalary, kóterilisshiler men olardyng auyldaryn basyp-janyshtaghan otarlyq soghystar, jazalaushy әskerler oirany ony kýrt kýiretti. Al azyq-týlik tapshylyghy sezilgen 1917 jyldyng jazynan-aq Týrkistandy is-jýzinde basqara bastaghan júmysshy-sharua-soldat komiytetteri, sol oqighalar arasynda bolghan Zәky Validiyding kuәlik etuinshe, kóshpendilerge astyq bermeu jaghynda boldy. Ólkeni ashtyq jaylady.
1917-1918 jyldyng qysyn Tashkentte ótkizgen Mariya Shoqay hanym óz esteliginde qazaqtardyng kóshe-kóshede ashtyqtan qalay súlap týsip ólip jatqandaryn, ózegi talghan jandargha bir týiir nan beruge qayransyzdyqtan qinalghanyn jazghan. Sonau súrapyl ashtyqta resmy derekter boyynsha 2 millionnan astam adam ashyqty. Túrar Rysqúlov basqarghan ashtyqpen kýresu komiyteti milliondaghan adam ómirin arashalap qaldy. Biraq qyrylyp qalghandar sany jan týrshigerlik edi. Mústafa Shoqay ony 1 million 114 myng adam dep kórsetti. 1919 jyly Týrkatkomnyng Resey Federasiyasyndaghy ókiletti ókili U.Shakirov RKFSR Últ isteri jónindegi halyq komissariatyna bergen hatynda Týrkistandaghy dala halyqtarynyng 60 payyzy ashtan ólgenin bayandady. Al osynau ontýstik ólkede revolusiya qarsanynda 3 millionday qazaq túratyn-dy. «Proletariat diktaturasy» kóshpendilerding tirshilik kenistigin bosatuy arqasynda, solardyng sýiegi ýstinde ornady...
Qazaqtargha qarsy qylmysty is-әreketi saldarynan oryn alghan tolyq qayyrshylyq pen jappay qyryludyng negizgi aiypkeri - Týrkistan Respublikasynyn ýkimeti ekenin sol kezding ózinde atap aitqan jauapty qyzmetkerler boldy (múnyng bir mysalyn tәuelsizdikting alghashqy jyldary zertteushi O.Qonyratbaev mrraghattyq qújattar arqyly dәleldi týrde kórsetti). Ashtyqtyng basty sebebi - Týrkistandaghy kenes ókimetining tizgini orys otarshyldary qolynda bolyp shyqqanynda edi. Olardyng ólkege revolusiya men jana rejimdi nayza úshymen әkelip, qúlaghan rejimning qanau sayasatyn qoldaryndaghy qaru-jaraqtary kýshimen jalghastyra bergeninde edi. Sonday ahualdyn, yaghny jana otarshyldar basqarghan ókimetting asharshylyq pen ashtan qyrylu «bostandyghyna» keng jol ashyp bergenin 20-jyldar baspasózi betterinde bolisheviyk-zertteushiler G.Safarov, S.Ginzburg jәne basqalar da jazyp jatty.
Sonymen, 1917-1919 jyldary Týrkistan ólkesin, onyng ishinde qazirgi Qazaqstannyng ontýstik ónirin jasandy ashtyq jaylady. Sonyng saldarynan kóshpeli halyq jalpy sanynyng tórtten birin joghaltty. Búl - bolishevizmning «ashtyq sayasaty» mәjbýr etken Últtyq Apat qamtyghan qasiretti dәuirdin birinshi kezeni edi.
Ekinshi kezen Qazaq ólkesinde, sol kezgi Qazaqtyng Avtonomiyalyq Kenestik Sosialistik Respublikasy aumaghynda 1921-1924 jyldary oryn aldy, halyq taghy da jalpy sanynyng tórtten birin joghaltty. (Búl jyldary ziyalylar jylu jinau arqyly ashyghyp jatqan aimaqtargha kómek úiymdastyrdy. Qoldarynan kelgenshe asharshylyq nәubetin jenildetuge úmtyldy. Alayda bolisheviktik biylik múny qosh kórmedi. Onday «halyqshyldardyn» ýstinen qylmystyq is qozghap, jazalaugha tyrysty - Jýsipbek Aymauytov bastaghan bir top azamatqa 1926 jylghy bolghan sot materialdary tom-tom bolyp, tiyisti týsindirmelermen kitap etip jariyalaugha tәuekel etetin shygharushysyn tosqan qalpy, әli kýnge deyin múraghat sóresinde jatyr).
Onyng da basty sebebi - jergilikti otar halyqtyng keneui kete bastaghan dәstýrli sharuashylyghyn azamat soghysy odan әrmen kýizeltkeninde, qúnarsyz en dalada túrmysyn tez týzeuge mýmkindigi bolmaghandyghynda edi. «Qazaq jarly-jaqybayynyng tragizmin jәne kenes ýkimetining kýlli arsyzdyghyn týsinu ýshin - patsha rejiymi kezinde qazaq halqynan 40 mln. desyatina shamasyndaghy eng jaqsy shúrayly jer orys pereselenderi paydasyna tartyp alynghanyn, kenes ýkimetining últ-azattyq revolusiya atynan, "әlemdik revolusiyashyl proletariat" atynan: qúlaghan rejimning jer jónindegi әdiletsizdigi týzetiletin bolady, qazaqtargha tartyp alynghan jer qaytarylady, qazaq jerlerine pereselender jiberilmeydi dep uәde bergenin bilu kerek...» (M.Shoqay).
Alayda qazaqtar arasynda joq proletariattyng diktaturasyn Qazaqstanda ornatu úranymen әreket etken, sóitip is jýzinde bolisheviktik jana imperiya otaryn qúrumen shúghyldanghan partiyalyq biylik naqty is-әreketteri ýstinde onday uәdening barshasyn tәrk etken. Kenes ókimetining jariyaly mәn-maqsatyna senip, 1922 jyly Jetisuda jer-su reformasyn jýrgizu kezinde Týrkatkom atynan tarihy әdilettilikti qalpyna keltiruge tyrysqan Súltanbek Qojanovtyng komissiyasy keri shaqyryp alynyp, osynau revolusiya iydeyalaryna qúlay sengen kommuniske «últshyldyqpen» aimandalghan sayasy aidar taghylghany mәlim. Ol bastamasy ghana edi. Bolishevikterding búl kezendegi bir úsynysy - taptyq jikti aiyra týsu, el ekonomikasyn baylar mýlkin tartyp alyp kedeylerge ýlestirip beru jolymen «jandandyru» bolatyn. Onday qaterli jospargha 1923 jyly qazaq oblystyq 3-partkonferensiyada Smaghúl Saduaqasov qazaqty jana silkinister emes, ghylym men bilimge sýiengen beybit enbek qútqaratyny jayyndaghy ójet sózimen qarsy túrdy. Óteuine sayasy senimsizdikke úshyrady, oghan da «burjuaziyalyq últshyl» tanbasy jamaldy.
Asharshylyqqa úshyraghan guberniyalargha kindik ýkimet tarapynan azyq-týlikpen jәrdem kórsetiluine qol jetkizu, Qazatkom tóraghasy Seytqaly Mendeshevting 1925 jyly Kenester sezinde aghynan jarylghanynday, qiynnyng qiyny-tyn...
Ortalyq Aziyany últtyq-memlekettik trrghyda qayta mejelep-jiktegennen keyin, irgesi keneytilgen Qazaqstan partiya úiymy el-júrt mýddesine jauap beruge tiyis júmysty janasha jigermen qolgha aldy. Qazaq oblpartkomynyng 1925 jylghy sәuir plenumynda mal baghu men jer óndeu kәsibin qazirgi qazaq jaghdayynda biriktirip qaraugha bolmaytyny atap ótildi. Óitkeni «QKSR-ding býgingi sharuashylyq ahualynda: mal baghudyng kóshpendi týri - egin eguge qolaysyz jalpaq sardalany sharuashylyq kәdesine asyrudyng birden-bir yqtimal tәsili bolyp tabylady». Sondyqtan da búl saladaghy asa manyzdy shara - meliorasiya, jayylymdardy sulandyru, jem-shóp әzirleu, qoy túqymyn asyldandyryp, qúramynyng sapasyn jaqsartu ýshin kóshpendi halyqqa keng kólemde nesie beru isin jolgha qoi bolmaq. Sondyqtan auylsharuashylyq nesiyelerin auylgha tikeley baghyttau, auyl sharuashylyghyndaghy kooperasiyany kýsheytu qajettigin aityp, Qazobkom plenumy tiyisti sheshim aldy.
Endi birneshe kýnnen son, 1925 jylghy 16 sәuirde Aqmeshitte ashylmaq Kenester sezi mәseleleri jayynda S.Qojanov plenumda bayandama jasady. Sonda ol bylay degen edi: «...ómirge kelgen osynsha uaqytynan beri Qazaqiyada sharuashylyq túrghyda órkendeuining zerttelip-jasalghan perspektivasy joq. Jyldan jylgha, kýnnen kýnge eshqanday da perspektivalyq josparsyz ómir sýrip keledi. Bar aitatyndary - ótken jyly pәlen bas mal boldy, endi oghan jiyrma shaqty myng qosyldy degender ghana. ...qaytkende jaghymdy әser etuding amaly. Endi osyndaydyng jolyn qii kerek. Osy sezde biz birer perspektivalyq jospar konspektimen sóilemekpiz. Sosyn jer mәselesin praktikalyq mindet etip qoyamyz». Bayandamasynda irrigasiya mәselesine de toqtaldy. «Qazaqiya ýshin búl mýldem jana sharua, - dedi ol. - Al Týrkistan ýshin - әdettegi ýirenshikti mәsele. Qazaqiyada da, keybir guberniyadaghy asharshylyqtan keyin, mysaly Semeyde, halyq óz bastamasymen, Narkomzemnen «rúqsatsyz-aq», aryq qazugha kóship jatyr. Tipti Qarqaraly sekildi dәndi daqyl jayyn aitudyng ózi qiyn ýiezde de solay etude...».
Qazobkom plenumy osylay, eski Qazaqstan aumaghyndaghy 1921 jylghy ýlken ashtyqty da, odan bergi jyldarda oryn alghan jekelegen guberniyalardaghy asharshylyqtardy da tikeley taldamaghanmen, aldaghy uaqyttarda onday qaterlerden qorghanu orayynda - qyr aimaqtarynda sulandyru jýiesin jasap, egin egudi jýzege asyra bastaghan elding óz ishinde tughan bastamany qoldaugha shaqyrdy. Kóshpeli mal sharuashylyghy - Saryarqany iygeruding birden-bir joly ekenin moyyndap, ony yntalandyru, órkendetu ýshin arnayy qarjylandyru, ónimderin tiyimdi jolmen taratu әdisterin qarady.
Asharshylyq respublika Kenesterining Aqmeshittegi Birinshi (besinshi) sezinde de arnayy әngime bolmady. (Eski Qazaqstan Kenesteri búghan deyin tórt sezd ótkizgen, sol ret sany boyynsha - jana, ýlken Qazaqstan Kenesterining Aqmeshitte ótken sezi besinshi dep esepteledi. Alayda, Týrkistan Respublikasynan, sonday-aq Búhara men Horezm sekildi ózge Orta Aziya respublikalarynan mejelengen Syrdariya, Jetisu, Qaraqalpaq oblystary qosylyp, 1924 jyldyng sonyna qaray Qazaqstannyng jeri men halqynyng sany edәuir úlghayyp qana qoymay, últtyq qúramy da ong ózgeriske úshyraghan. Túnghysh ret Últtyq Respublika mәrtebesinde atalghan. Túnghysh ret osy ónirlerdegi Kenesterden kelgen delegattar 1925 jylghy sәuirde bir ókildik qúryltayda bas qosqan. Tarihy sheshimder qabyldaghan. Osy jәitter sol tústa-aq moyyndalyp, sol qúryltay ýstinde-aq ol birinshi sezd dep atalghan. Sondaghy berilgen baghagha, әri onyng memlekettik ómirdegi jana betbúrysty tanytatyn manyzyna sәikes, Aqmeshit sezin birinshi qúryltay retinde baghalau lәzim). Ashtyq derekteri jәy ghana eleusizdeu aityldy. Degenmen, atap aitylmasa da, ony qayta boldyrmau sharalary keninen qaraldy. Al ol sharalardyng bastysy jer mәselesi edi.
Jerdi qogham mýlkine ainaldyru jónindegi alghashqy kenes zany men túrghyndardy jerge ornalastyru turaly ereje, jer-suy men halqynyng negizgi bóligin qanaty astyna alghan Ýlken Qazaqstan Kenesterinin alghashqy (besinshi) qrryltayynda atap ótilgendey, - «azamat soghysy, asharshylyq, QKSR-de eshqanday qarjynyng bolmauy jaghdayynda bolymsyz ghana nәtiyje berdi». Búl shaghyn nәtiyje derekteri mynanday: el-júrttyng biraz bóligi 1920 jyldan 1923 jylgha deyin 215.178 desyatina jerge ornalastyryldy. 1923 jәne 1924 jyldary júmys Jer Kodeksi men 1924 jyldyng 17 sәuirindegi Ereje boyynsha jýrgizildi de, «...memleket esebinen 2.512.609 des., halyq esebinen - 2.815.522 des., barlyghy - 5.543.309 desyatina jerge ornalastyryldy». Al jýrgizilgen is sharalarynyng oidaghyday ong nәtiyje bermeu sebepterin sezd bylay tújyrymdady:
a) qazaq jerin syrttan kóship kelip otarlau jalghasuda;
ә) otarshyldyq sayasattyng qaldyqtary әli ketirilmegen;
b) eng jaqsy jerlerdi pereselender basyp alghan, kazak-orys túrghyndary keng alqapty paydalanuda;
v) jergilikti jerde jýrgiziluli júmystar ortalyqta ýilestirilmegen, kóbine ortalyq jerdi is jýzinde paydalanyp otyrghandargha bekitip, eng tәuir jerlerdi brrynnan túratyn múghajyrlargha (pereselenderge) kesip beru jaghynda;
g) jerge ornalastyru sharalary - túrghyndardyn qúqyqtyq sanasyn jerdi zang boyynsha paydalanu qajettigin sezinetindey etip oyatugha jәrdemdespedi.
Mal sharuashylyghy Qazaqstannyng qatal tabighatyna shydas berip, payda tabatynday dami alu ýshin - jer qatynastaryn drrys retteuding manyzy zor bolmaq. Osy rette Birinshi (besinshi) sezde kýlli aumaqty jaratylysy men ekonomikalyq nyshandaryna qaray: «eginshilik-malshylyq» jәne tek «malshylyq», sonday-aq tek «kóshpendi malshylyq» audandargha bólu tәrtipteri bayandaldy. Jermen qamtamasyz etu normasy qalay jasalatyny týsindirildi. Sosyn jerge ornalastyrudyng negizgi mindetin: «...qazirgi júmys istep túrghan mal baghu jәne mal baghu-egin egu sharuashylyqtarymen shúghyldanatyn qojalyqtargha - órkendeuine әri ekonomikalyq túrghyda nyghaiyna qajet jaghdaylar jasau»,- dep týiindedi.
Osy orayda oryndaluy qajet sharalar retinde mynalar atalghan edi (olar sezd qararymen zandastyryldy):
a) jappay jerge ornalastyru aumaghyna barlyq pereselen uchaskelerin qosu, búl rette olardyng kósh jolynda jatqandarynyng tolghan-tolmaghanyna qaramau;
ә) 1924 jylghy 17 sәuir Erejesining kýshi jýrmeytin pereselen uchaskelerinde otyrghan túrghyndardy óz uchaskelerining 1917 jylgha deyin belgilengen sheginde, qosymsha jer kesip bermey ornalastyru;
b) syrttan kóship kelushilerding jәne QKSR-degi ishki qonys audarushylardyng «qazaqtyng paydalanuyna jatatyn jaqsy jerlerdi jәne kazak-orys territoriyasyn» óz betterimen basyp alularynan saqtanu ýshin - óz betterinshe qonystanudy doghartu, 1922 jylghy 31 tamyzdan keyin óz betimen kelgenderdi jer-qojalyq beru sharalarymen qamtymau;
v) QKSR-ding barlyq audandaryndaghy qazirgi kezde qolda bar, sonday-aq anyqtalghan bos jәne artyq jerlerding bәrin - 1924 jylghy 17 sәuir Erejesimen әreket etuge jatatyn jerge ornalastyrudyng birtrtas qory dep esepteu.
Alayda Qazaqstan Kenesteri sezining qararlaryn ómirge engizuge "agha" ókimet kedergi jasay berdi. Aqyry, atalmysh qúryltaydan tórt aiday ótkende, 1925 jylghy 12 tamyzda, jerge ornalastyru mәselesi BK(b)P Qazaq ólkekomy Burosynda talqylandy. Ekinshi hatshy S.Qojanov «Jerge ornalastyru turaly» arnayy bayandama jasady. Onda Besinshi (birinshi) Býkilqazaq sezi qararlarynyng jerge ornalastyru jrmystaryna qatysty bóligi oryndalmay jatqanyna alandaushylyq bildirildi. Sosyn, onyng bayandamasy boyynsha Buroda mynanday qauly qabyldandy:
«a) Býkilreseylik Ortalyq Atqaru Komiytetinde Qazaq Kenestik Sosialistik Respublikasynyng jappay jerge ornalastyru jónindegi perspektivalyq jospary bekitilgenge deyin 5-inshi Kýlliqazaqtyq Kenester sezi men QazOAK qabyldaghan jer mәselesi boyynsha sheshimderge eshqanday alyp tastau, týzetu jәne tolyqtyrular engizilmesin;
b) Atap aitqanda, óz betinshe kóship kelgen qonys audarushylargha baylanysty 5-inshi Kýlliqazaqtyq Kenester sezi belgilegen merzim - 1922 jylghy 31 tamyz saqtalsyn. 1922 jylghy 31 tamyzdan keyin kelgen barlyq óz betterimen qonys audarushylar QKSR-ding barsha aumaghynda jerge ornalastyrylmaytyn bolsyn;
v) BROAK aldyna QKSR-degi jerge ornalastyrumen shúghyldanatyn barlyq mekemelerdi bir organgha - Qazaq jerhalkomatynyng (Kaznarkomzem) Jerge ornalastyru basqarmasyna meylinshe shapshang baghyndyru turaly mәseleni ýzildi-kesildi qong QazOAK-ke úsynylsyn».
Búl sheshim de oryndalghan joq.
Últ kommunisterining tabandylyghy nәtiyjesinde 1925 jylghy jeltoqsanda qazaq ólkelik 5-partkonferensiya esep berilgen merzimdi «tariyhqa qazaq jerin jinau kezeni jәne qazaq memlekettigin úiymdastyru salasyndaghy alghashqy qadamdar retinde kiredi» dep atady. Sosyn: «...jerge ornalastyru salasynda - birinshi kezekte túrghylyqty halyqqa, әsirese otyryqshylyqqa auysa bastaghan kóshpendilerge qatysty mindet qoi kerek. Sonymen bir mezgilde últtyq azshylyqtyng otyryqshy enbekshil sharua trrghyndarynyn, әsirese onyng kedey jәne ortasha bóliginin tilekteri nazardan shygharylmasyn», - degen qauly aldy. Jetkilikti dәrejede әdil, basqa halyqtyng da mýddesin kemsitpeytin osy qauly da oryndausyz qaldy. Al 1927 jylghy ólkelik 6-parkonferensiyada ol mýldem teris baghalanyp, kýshi joyyldy...
1925 jylghy qyrkýiekte BK(b)P Ortalyq Komiyteti Qazaqstandy basqarugha Filipp Goloshekin syndy emissaryn jibergen-di. Ol últtyq mýddege qyzmet etetin sheshimderdi qily bolisheviktik aila-amal qoldana otyryp, joqqa shyghardy. Sóitip, úzamay, totalitarlyq oilau jýiesining qazaqstandyq «úly qúrylysshysy», yaghni, sol kezgi qayratkerlerding ózderi atap aitqanday, diktator bolyp shygha keldi. Osynau stalinshil kósem ólkelik 5- jәne 6-partkonferensiyalarda sayasy ómirden, oqu-aghartu isinen «alashordashylar» men solargha iydeyalastardy alastau josparyn tiyanaqtady. Intelliygensiyanyng sana-sezimin «qyrnau» («niyvelirovka») arqyly tegistep, birizdi arnagha týsiru qajettigin «dәleldedi». Kommunisterding dәstýrli auyl ómirine kózqarastaryndaghy «azamattyq bitim» (S.Saduaqasov) jәne «azamattyq soghys» (O.Jandosov) dep tújyrymdalarlyq sayasy baghyttargha «tóreshi» bolyp, auyldas-tuystar arasyna tap synasyn qaghudyn, sóitip aghayyndy aghayyngha óshiktirudin sayasi-iydeyalyq túghyryn somdady. Úzamay partiyanyng «dana» basshylyghymen qúlaq kýii keltirilgen qazaq ókimeti qazaq auyldarynda «Kishi Qazan» órtin tútatudyng naqty sharalaryn jýrgizudi qolgha aldy...
1928 jylghy 27 tamyzda Qazatkomnyng arnayy dekreti shyqty, Qazatkom men halkomkenes bay qojalyqtaryn tәrkileu turaly qauly aldy. Tez arada baylardyng mal-mýlikterin tәrkileu nauqany bastalyp ketti. Onyng revolusiyalyq sipaty 1928 jylghy 13 qyrkýiekte tәrkileuge qarsylyq әreket ýshin qylmystyq jauaptylyq jәne asa iri әri jartylay feodal baylardy jer audaru turaly shygharylghan qaulymen kýsheye týsti. Tәrkileu sonynan iri kólemdegi sayasy repressiyalardyng «Alash isi» atanghan alghashqy tolqyny tudy. «Kenes ókimetining qas-dúshpandaryn» týrmege tygha otyryp, qazaqstandyq biylik 1930 jylghy 19 aqpanda jappay újymdastyru aimaqtaryndaghy auyl sharuashylyghyn sosialistik týrghyda qayta qúrudy nyghaytu jәne kulaktar men baylargha qarsy kýresu jónindegi is-sharalary turaly qauly qabyldady. Ókimetting tәrkileu men újymdastyrudaghy solaqaylyqtary halyq kóterilisterin tughyzghany, olardy әskery kýshpen basyp-janshu oryn alghany, yaghny tәrkileu-újymdastyru nauqandarynyng jana sipatty otarlyq soghystarmen astasqany mәlim. Sonyng bәri el-júrtty jana alapat apat iyirimine qúlatty.
Últtyq Apattyng ýshinshi, eng qasiretti kezenine ainalghan sol 1931-1933 jyldary halyqtyng jartysy qyryldy, shamasy jetkender - tiri qalghandardyng ýshten biri - bosyp basqa ólkelerge, shet elderge ótip ketti, dәstýrli sharuashylyq mýldem túralady, mal basy on-on eki ese azaydy.
Búl kezeng jayynda jariyalanghan jantýrshigerlik estelikter, qújattar mol. Áli jinalmaghany, el ishinde jatqany qanshama...
Monarhiya qúlar qarsandaghy alty milliondyq qazaqtyng tónkeris tuyn kótergen sosialistik federasiya qúramynda boy týzegen avtonomiyalyq respublikasyndaghy jalpy sany qylmysty sayasat silkinisterine toly on alty jylda - Últtyq Apattyng atalghan ýsh kezeninde - ýsh esege juyq kemidi. Dәlirek aitqanda, - ony ýsh esege juyq kemitti. Yaghny tikeley tórt millionday jangha ólim qúshtyrdy. 1917-1933 jyldar boyy. Bolisheviktik genosiyd. Sondyqtan da asharshylyq tarihyna erekshe mәn berip qarau lәzim. Adamzatqa mәngi eskertu jasap túru ýshin. Keleshekte de tap kelui mýmkin sonday apattardan saqtandyru ýshin. Azamattar boyynda shynayy demokratiyalyq qúndylyqtar qalyptastyru ýshin. Elimizdin, Tәuelsizdigimizding tuyn ústar bolashaq azamattardy tarihpen tәrbiyeleu ýshin. Al búl ýshin - ilgeride eske salynghan, osy maqala avtorlarynyng biri búdan bes jyl búryn dәiektegen eskertkish-panteon ornatu iydeyasyna qayta oralu lәzim.
FOTO: http://www.alashainasy.kz
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