“Qazaqstan” men “Qazaq” arasyndaghy oilar
Tayauda preziydent Núrsultan Nazarbaev memleketimizding atauyn “Qazaq Eli” dep ózgertu jayly qoghamgha oy tastaghany belgili. Osynau manyzdy bastamalar joqtan-joq payda bola salmaytynyn eskersek, elbasynyng búl pikirine de týrtki bolghan alghysharttar az emes. Onyng ishinde, әsirese songhy jyldarda, últtyq sana-sezimning óskeni, respublikada túratyn basqa úlystardy memleketqúraushy halyqtyng ainalasynda toptastyru, sol arqyly memleketimizding birtútastyghyn kýsheytu sekildi ózektilikterdi ataugha túrarlyq. 23-jyldyq tәuelsiz tarihymyzda eldegi qazaq halqynyng sany 42-den 73-payyzgha jetkendigi qayta bar. Qalay bolghanda da atalmysh úsynys qalyng búqara ishinde zor serpilis tapty, týrli pikirlerdi tudyrdy. Memleket atauyn qazaqilandyrugha qatysty Núrsúltan Ábishúlynyng úsynysyn qazaq qoghamy tolyqtay qoldap shyqty. Al osynday qay jaghynan oryndy da zandy bastamagha birqatar orystildi azamattar ýzildi-kesildi qarsy túrdy, tipti keybireuleri qol jinaugha kiristi. Álgilerding payymdauynsha, “Qazaqstan” eng layyqty atau jәne ony almastyruydyng qajeti joq – óz aldyna oilantarlyq jәit.
Tayauda preziydent Núrsultan Nazarbaev memleketimizding atauyn “Qazaq Eli” dep ózgertu jayly qoghamgha oy tastaghany belgili. Osynau manyzdy bastamalar joqtan-joq payda bola salmaytynyn eskersek, elbasynyng búl pikirine de týrtki bolghan alghysharttar az emes. Onyng ishinde, әsirese songhy jyldarda, últtyq sana-sezimning óskeni, respublikada túratyn basqa úlystardy memleketqúraushy halyqtyng ainalasynda toptastyru, sol arqyly memleketimizding birtútastyghyn kýsheytu sekildi ózektilikterdi ataugha túrarlyq. 23-jyldyq tәuelsiz tarihymyzda eldegi qazaq halqynyng sany 42-den 73-payyzgha jetkendigi qayta bar. Qalay bolghanda da atalmysh úsynys qalyng búqara ishinde zor serpilis tapty, týrli pikirlerdi tudyrdy. Memleket atauyn qazaqilandyrugha qatysty Núrsúltan Ábishúlynyng úsynysyn qazaq qoghamy tolyqtay qoldap shyqty. Al osynday qay jaghynan oryndy da zandy bastamagha birqatar orystildi azamattar ýzildi-kesildi qarsy túrdy, tipti keybireuleri qol jinaugha kiristi. Álgilerding payymdauynsha, “Qazaqstan” eng layyqty atau jәne ony almastyruydyng qajeti joq – óz aldyna oilantarlyq jәit.
Alayda, shyndyghyna kelgende memleketimizding qazirgi atauy halyqaralyq tәjiyrebege sәikes emes. Jәne mәsele Elbasy úsynysyna arqau bolghan Mongholiyamen mýldem shektelmeydi.Álemning qay elin alyp qaramayyq, barlyghynyng atauy memlketqúraushy últtyng negizinde: Italiya, Fransiya, Qytay, Japoniya, Iran, Braziliya, t.b. Álbette, atalghan elderde bayyrghy halqymen qatar basqa últtyng ókilderi túratyny belgili. Biraq jergilikti zandardy moyyndau, túrghylyqty elding memlekettik tilin mengeru, memleketqúraushy halyqtyng tarihyn, mәdeniyetin, dilin bilu men qúrmetteu negizinde olar da tiyisti elderding tolyqqandy azamattary, yaghny fransuz, italiyan, qytay, irandyq, braziliyalyq bolyp sanalady jәne ózderin solay sezinedi. Sәikesinshe búnday ortaqtastyghy arqyly memleketshildigin dәleldeydi. Demek, zan, til, mәdeniyet, basqa memlketqúraushylar tiziminde manyzdy oryngha sol memleket atauy da iye.
Osy tústa, bayqasanyzdar, qazaqpen, onyng tili men dәstýrimen sanaspaytyndar, kezinde qonaq bop, ne bas saughalap kelgen elding qojayynyn mensinbeytinder Qazaqstan atauyn ózdiginshe búrmalaugha daghdylanghan. Mәselen, biz qazaq emespiz, biz qazaqstandyqpyz deui. Alayda, tarihta “qazaqstandyq” degen últ bolmaghan, bolmaydy da. Ol “Qazaq” atauyna “stan” (jer, meken degen maghyna beretin) jalghauynyng qosyluy arqyly payda bolghan týsinik qana. Basqasha aitqanda, “qazaqstandyq” degenimiz “qazaq jeriniki” degennen esh aiyrmashylyghy joq. Mәselen, jogharyda aitylghan Fransiyanyng aziya ne afrika nәsildi azamattary ózderin “fransuz jerinikimiz” dese, kýlkili emes pe? Onysyna eshbir zandyq negiz de joq. Endige rette atauynda әlgi “stan” jalghauy bar birli-jarym elderdi qarastyryp kóreyik. Ras, Ózbekstan, Qyrghyzstan nemese Aughanystan osy elderding resmy ataulary bolyp tabylady, biraq olardyng azamattaryn kimde-kim ózbekstandyq, qyrghyzstandyq nemese aughanystandyq dep atay ma? Áriyne, joq. Olar tiyisinshe, ózbek, qyrghyz, aughan sanalady. Endeshe, resmy atauy “Qazaqstan” bolghannyng ózinde, Qazaq memleketinde nelikten basqasha bolu kerek?
Ádette “Qazaqstan” atauyn nasihattaushylardyng endigi dәiegi Amerika tәjiriybesi. Olardyng týsinigi Amerika — týrli últtardyng ókilderine ortaq úghym, olay bolsa, bizge de osy jolmen nege jýrmeske — degenge kelip sayady. Biraq, búl dәiekter últtyq negizde qúrylghan әlem memleketterining 99 payyzyna mýlde jat. Nelikten? Birinshiden, Amerika – kezinde syrttan kelgen basqynshylar jergilikti taypalardy týp tamyrymen joyyp, olardyng sýiekterining ýstinde emingranttar qúrghan biregey memleket. Ras, Kenes zamanynda kelimsekter qazaqtardy da milliondap qyrdy. Biraq qazaq saqtalyp qaldy, onyng sonynan tughan jerge qojayyn bolatyn úrpaq ósti. Ekinshiden, Amerika degen últtyng atauy emes, osy qúrlyqty zerttegen adamnyng esimi. Qadym zamannan kele jatqan Qazaq bolsa, “azat”, “erkin” degen maghynany beretin jauynger halyqtyng atauy. Ýshinshiden, Amerikadan ne Reseyden ereksheligi — Qazaq eshkimning jerin jaulaghan emes, basqa halyqtardy qyryp, qúlgha ainaldyrghan joq, biraq Ata-Babadan miras bop qalghan topyraqty qasterlegen, aqyldyng kýshi men nayzanyng úshymen saqtay alghan.
Elbasy úsynysy tónireginde endi qazaq qoghamynda tuyndaghan oi-pikrlerge oiyssaq. Birqatar azamattar, ziyaly qauym ókilderi Núrsúltan Ábishúly jón dep tapqan “Qazaq Eli” atauyn maqúldady. Rasynda da, memleket atauynda qazaqtyng iyisi birden bayqaluy túrghysynan búl rette esh min tagha almaspyz. Alayda, memleketting ataluy memlketqúraushy últpen qatar sol elding sayasy qúrylymy men damu joly haqynda da manyzdy maghlúmat beretinin de nazarda ústaghan abzal. Atap aitqanda, Resey Federasiyasy degende búl elding qúrylymy federasiyalyq, yaghny oghan engen mýshelerding ózindik derbes lauazymdary baryn menzeytinin angharamyz. Marokko Patshalyghy atauynan búl memlketting sayasy qúrylymy monarhiya ekenin belemiz. Dәl sol siyaqty Týrkiya Respublikasy atauynan onyng respublikalyq, yaghny sayasy qúrylymy halyqtyq biyliktegi memleket ekenin kóremiz. Búl rette sóz bolyp otyrghan “Qazaq eli” atauyndaghy “Eli” termiyni qazaqtargha, jekelegen týrki tildesterge týsinikti, biraq әlemdegi basqa elderge beytanys. Sonday-aq, ol halyqaralyq qatynastarda el ataularyna qatysty qalyptasqan erejelerge sәikes emes. Osydan bolar, basym kópshilik pikir bildirushiler Otanymyzdyng atauyn ózgerter bolsaq, eng layyghy – “Qazaq Respublikasy” deui.
Búndaghy qisyn oryndy, dese de onyng ózi jogharyda keltirilgen sayasi, zandyq, últtyq ne iydeologiyalyq jaqtarymen shektelmeydi.Tariyhqa ýniler bolsaq, memleketimizding XIV ghasyrda qúrylghannan bergi atauy “Qazaq handyghy” bolghan. Sol kezdegi Týrik, Resey, Qytay, Parsy, Arab derekterinde búl jaghday keninen tújyrymdalghan. Tipti keshegi ozbyr Kenes zamanynda 1924 jyldan beri bizding elding resmy atauy “Qazaq Sovettik Sosialistik Respublikasy” bolghan. Biz ýshin búndaghy manyzdysy — esh ózgermegen jәne búl kimning jeri, kimning eli ekenin anyq núsqaytyn “Qazaq” atauy. Atalmysh atau asharshylyq qúrsauynan, repressiyalardan, jappay orystandyru sayasasatynan qazaqtar óz elinde azshylyqqa ainalghanda da ózgergen emes. Olay bolsa, 1991 jyly elimiz Egemen bolghanda osy kiyeli ataudan qalaysha qol ýzgenimiz jәne әli kýnge sheyin sol ordan shygha almay jatqanymyz qatty alandatady. Zaman óte búl júmbaq ta óz sheshimin tabar.
P.S.
Qazaqstan tәuelsiz memleket atanyp halyqaralyq arenagha endi shygha bastaghanda el atauynyng aghylshynsha ýlgisi qanday bolu kerek túrghysynda súraq tuyndady. Qazaq, birqatar basqa shyghys halyqtaryna tәn “Q” әrpi aghylshyn tilinde mindetti týrde Q arqyly belgilenedi. Mәselen Qúran – Quran nemese Qatar Memleketi — State of Qatar degende. Alayda 1991 jyly bizding sheshim shygharatyn oryndar orystargha býiregi búryp túrghanynan ba, әlde bilimi jetpegennen be, belgisiz, elimizding resmy atauy orys tilining dybystaluyndaghy “Kazahstan” degennen “Kazakhstan” dep bekitilmesi bar ma. Jәne osy qatelik әli kýnge sheyin saqtalyp keledi. 1994 jyly ketken qateni jóndep, “Q” әrpining dybystaluyna jaqyndatqysy kelgen shyghar, odan әri shatasyp, “Kazakhstan” atauynan “h” әrpi alynyp tastaldy da memleketimiz әp-sәtte “Kazakstan” bop shygha keldi. Arada alty jyl ótkende shendilerding búl jasaghanymyz qate bopty, búrynghy ýlgige oralayyq deuimen elimiz qayta “Kazakhstan” atandy. Eki ortada qanshama qújattar ózgertildi, taqtayshalar, rәmizder, t.b. qayta jasaldy, olardyng bәrine qanshama shyghyn ketti! Eng soraqysy — ózgeriske kelmeytin sol qatelikterding biri әrbirimizding tólqújatymyz, yaghny pasportymyzgha núqsan keltirdi. Nәtiyjesinde, qazir Qazaq azamattarynyng jartsy pasporty boyynsha “Kazakhstan” azamaty bolsa, ekinshi jartsy “Kazakstan” azamaty bolyp tabylady. Kýnderding bir kýni halyqaralyq zandargha sýiene otyryp, bir elding balasy osylaysha bólek elding azamattary bop tanylmauyna kim kepil? Kýlemiz be әlde jylaymyz ba? Osy bassyzdyqtargha jauap berer shendiler tabylar ma?
Rasul Júmaly
