Qazaq ta, qyrghyz da týrki tilderining qypshaq tobyna jatatyn tili men mәdeniyeti óte jaqyn halyqtar. Tili ghana emes keskin-kelbeti, mentaliyteti, túrmys salty da negizinen úqsas. Al keybir qyrghyz aghayyndar alaulatyp-jalaulatyp jýrgen «qazaq qyrghyzdan shyqqan» - degen әngime qaydan shyqty?

Búny Shәkәrimning «Týrik, qyrghyz, qazaq hәm handar shejiresi» atty enbeginen alghanyn biluge bolady. Shәkәrim orta jýzdegi qyrghyzdar turaly toqtalyp bylay degen: « bergi zamanda qazaq atalghany bolmasa bizding qazaqta qyrghyz nәsilinen» - deydi (Qazaq shejireleri. Ile halyq baspasy. 1- tom. 324 b). Al odan taghy bylay deydi: «Qazaqtyng tegi qytayshada tukio, bizshe týrik atty halyqtan shyqqany belgili boldy, týrik degen dulygha degen sóz( soghdy tilinde) eken, odan bir kezderi hýn atanypty... Odan keyin әr týrli atpen bólektense de biz úighyr atynan shyqqan elmiz, úighyr degen birikken degen maghynada. Sol úighyrdan qyrghyz, qanly, qypshaq, arghyn, nayman, kerey, dulat, ýisin degen taptar shyghyp, solardyng nәsilinen shyqqanbyz»(Qazaq shejireleri . Ile halyq baspasy. 1- tom. 300 b)

Qarap otyrsaq Shәkәrim búnda qyrghyzdan shyqqanbyz degendi qazirgi qyrghyz últy emes qayta 840- jyly qúrylghan qyrghyz qaghanatyna qaratyp aityp otyrghanyn anyq bayqaugha bolady. Qyrghyz qaghanaty ol kóptegen týrki rularynan qúralghan taypalar odaghy, onda kóptegen rular bolghan. Biraq 70 jylday ghana ómir sýrgen, qaghanattyng joyyluyna shyghysta kýsheygen monghol tildes qidandardyng joryghy әser etken. Osydan song qyrghyzdar Eneseyge sheginedi, búryn bir mezet olargha qaraghan taypalar óz jyylaryna ketip derbes shyghady. Onan búryn Shәkәrim týrik atandyq, ghún atandyq, úighyr atandyq dep anyq aityp otyr, al olay bolsa 744-840 jyldary týrkilerding ýlken bóligi úighyr qaghanatyna qaraghany ýshin «qazaq úighyrdan shyqqan» - dep qazirgi úighyrlarda dәl qazirgi qyrghyzdardyng sózin aituyna bolar edi, týrik qaghanatynda qazaqtyng arghy tegin qúraghan rular bolghan dep týrik atauyn iyelenip otyrghan Týrkiya túrikteri «qazaq bizden taraghan» - deuine bolar edi. Biraq әr últtyng óz jeke tarihy bar, qazirgi týrik pen ejelgi týrikte jermen-kóktey aiyrma bar, qazyrgi úighyr men ejelgi úighyr qaghanatyn birdey dep aitu mýmkin emes. Sol siyaqty kóne qyrghyz ben qazirgi qyrghyzdada ýlken aiyrmashylyq bar. Endi qazaq pen qyrghyzdyng aiyrmashylyqtaryn birneshe jaqtan kórsetuge bolady:

1. Genetikalyq alshaqtyq

Qazaq pen qyrghyz týr-túlghasy úqsaghanymen atalyq tegi óte alshaq halyqtar. Qazaqtar atalyq hromosomasynyng gaplogruppasy S2 tiypin negiz etedi (51-66%), taghy O2, Q, N  degen tipterdi qosqanda 70-80% mongholoyd yaghny Shyghys Aziya men Sibirlik nәsilderding úrpaghy ekeni bayqalady. Al qyrghyghyzdarda 63-66% R1a gaplogruppasyna tәueldi(Figure 7c in Zerjal, Tatiana; Wells, R. Spencer; Yuldasheva, Nadira; Ruzibakiev, Ruslan; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2002).). Ózgelerin qosqanda qyrghyzdardyng 70% dan asa atalyq tegi Europalyq tekti ekenin kórsetedi. Demek qazaqtyng kóbi ata jaghynan Aziyalyq nәsildi, al qyrghyzdar ata jaghynan kóbi europa nәsildi túrsa qalaydan-qalay qazaq qyrghyzdan taraghan bolady? Al Atalyq genetika boyynsha qazaq mongholdarmen tuys, al qyrghyzdar orystarmen tuys ekeni kórinip túr. Kóne qytay derekteride Eneseylik qyrghyzdardy: «Aqqúba júzdi, kókkózdi, jiyren shashty, aralarynda qara shashtylar bolsa ony jat nәsil, baqytsyz jan nemese Ly Liynning túqymy dep qaraydy» deydi.

Demek qazaqtar mongholoid nәsildi halyq, keyin Europa nәsildi halyqtarmen(Saqtar, qypshaqtar) aralasyp aralas nәsildi júrtqa ainalsa, qyrghyzdar 9-ghasyrdan bastap irgeles týrki-monghol halyqtarymen aralas neke arqyly negizinen mongholoyd nәsilge ainalghan. Búdan eki halyqtyng shyghu tegi basqa ekenin anyq kóruge bolady, kerisinshe qyrghyzdargha genetikalyq jaqtan tәjikter, úighyrlar, ózbekter, bashqúrttar, altaylar әlde qayda jaqyn.

2. Rulyq qúramyndaghy ýlken aiyrmashylyqtar

Qazaqtar ýlken jaqtan ýisin, dulat, qanly, jalayyr, qataghan(shanyshqyly), alban, suan, arghyn, nayman, kerey, qypshaq, qonyrat, uaq, taraqty, aday, jappas, alasha, qyzylqúrt, berish, masqar, tana, altyn, esentemir, ysyq, alasha, baybaqty, qarakesek, qarasaqal, tórtqara, shekti, shómekey, kete, kereyt, kerderi, tabyn, tama, teleu, jaghalbayly, ramadan, tóre, tólengit, qoja qatarly rulardan túrady. Al qyrghyzdar búghy, sarbaghysh, solto, sayaq, azyq, teiyt, qytay, bassyz, múndúz, monoldor, shonbaghysh, múnghúsh, qússhy, bassyz, jetigen, sary, kesek, dólós, boston, qydyrsha, cherik, jadyger, baryn, noyghýt, arlat, qypshaq, nayman, qanly, qonyrat rularynan túrady. Ortaq rular qypshaq, nayman, qanly, qonyrat, qalghandary mýlde bólek. Azdaghan kishi rular úqsaydy demesek negizgi jaqtan  paryq zor, arghyn, ýisin, kerey qyrghyzda úsaq ru. Búl da qazaq pen qyrghyz úqsamaytyn el ekenine, qazaqtyng qyrghyzdan taramaytynyna dәlel! Ayta keterligi: Baryn, arlat, noyghút, mongholdor rulary tegi qyrghyz emes monghol nemese mogholstan taypalary, qanly 2000 jyldyq tarihy bar kóne el eshqandayda qyrghyz emes, al qypshaq 10-13 ghasyrda óz aldyna qyrghyzdan bólek memleket qúrghan taypa. Naymandarda 12-13 ghasyrda óz aldyna derbes handyq bolghan, olardyng Inanysh Bilge hany qyrghyzdardy jengenin Rashiyd-Ad-Dinde «Jamiygh-At-Tauariyh» ta aitady.

3. Bólek qalyptasu tarihy men teritoriyasy

Qazaqtar 2000 jyl búryn shyghysy Hingan tauynan Batysy Kaspiyge deyingi aumaqta ómir sýrgen saq, ghún, qanlylardan, diynlinder, sanbiylerden shyqqan. Al qyrghyzdar ghún dәuirinde «Kengýn» dep atalatyn Eneseylik taypadan shyqqan, Týrik dәuirende qyrghyz atanghan. Qyrghyzdar ormanda ómir sýrip ang aulasa, qazaqtyng arghy atalary kóship-qonyp mal ósirgen.  Eng bastysy 13-16 ghasyrdaghy tarihy derekterde aitalyq «Mongholdyng qúpiya shejiresi», «Jamiygh-at-tauariyh», «Týrik shejiresi» atty enbekterdng qyrghyz qatardaghy taypa retinde aitylady. «Jamiygh-At-Tauariyh» tyng 1-shi tomy ru-taypalar turaly, onda 70 ten asa rudyng aty atalyp, olargha jeke-jeke toqtalyp ótken, qyrghyzdardy 3- bólimde «óz aldyna kósemderi bar týrki taypalary» atty bólimde kerey, nayman, únghyt, tanghyt, bekirin, qyrghyz, qypshaq, qanly, qarlyqtarmen birge tanystyrady. Al qyrghyz aghayynnyng arasyndaghy bilimi shala, oilau órisi tar tarihshylarymen shejireshileri dәl qazirgi qyrghyz qúramyndaghy rular boyynsha qarap: «qazyr nayman, qanly, qypshaq qyrghyzda bar, olar ejelden qyrghyz» dep oilaydy. Anyghy qanly qyrghyz atauy payda boludan segiz ghasyr búryn payda bolghan túrsa qalay qyrghyz bolady? 13-ghasyrdan keyin búryn óz aldyna el bolghan qanly da, qypshaq ta kóptegen týrki últtarynyng ishine tarady, qyrghyz ishindegisi tek az toby ghana, eng kóbi qazaq, ózbek, noghaylarda ekeni anyq, onda osy atalghan últtardynda qyrghyzdar siyaqty aituyna qaqysy bar. Tipti qyrghyz ru retinde qazaqta, úighyrda, ózbek, qaraqalpaqta bar, osy túrghydan sol últtar qyrghyz ruyn óz últynyng bir bólshegi retinde qarap qyrghyz qaghanatyn iyemdenuine , keyingi qyrghyz tarihyn iyemdenuine qaqysy joq dep kim aita alady? Qyrghyz, qazaq, monghol últtaryndaghy barqy ruy 5-ghasyrdan bastap tarihy derekke engen kóne taypa, qyrghyz aty shyqpay túryp barqy bar, ony qalay týsindiru kerek? Qazaqtyng qanlydan ózge tólengit, aday, berish, chekti, shómekey, sebek, týrgesh rulary sol týrik qaghanaty zamanynda bar, sonda olar qyrghyzdan bólek ómir sýrse , al býgin qazaq ishinde otyr. Olardy kim qyrghyz dey alady? 13-ghasyrdaghy monghol imperiyasynyng tarihy jazylghan «Mongholdyng qúpiya shejiresi» atty enbekting 1-tarauy 30 tan asa monghol(moghol) rularynyng taralu shejiresi, onda qataghan, saljuyt, baryn, barlas, dulat, suan, keneges, jajyrat, qiyat, dýrmen, tayshut, manghyt, úrut, noyghút qatarly rulardyng qaydan, kimnen taraghany aitylghan. Al osy rular keyin ondaghan últtyng ishine tarap ketti, monghol, qazaq, ózbek, qyrghyz t.b, onda osy rular kimge tәn boluy kerek, osy últtardyng ishinde tek qyrghyz ol zamanda óz aldyna taypa, jogharydaghy esh rumen qatysy joq, olay bolghanda dýrmen, baryn, manghyt, nýighút, sýltúzdar qyrghyzgha keyin kirgen kirme bolady, nayman, qanly, qypshaq, qonyrat ta solay bolady.

13-ghasyrdan keyin Altyn Orda, Shaghatay úlysynyng rulary yaghny qanly, qypshaq, arghyndar men monghol joryghynan keyin kerey, nayman, qonyrat, merkit, jalayyr, ýisin, dulat, alshyn tatarlar birigip 15-ghasyrda qazaq atala bastady, qazaq handyghy qúryldy. Ol turaly Múhammed Haydar Dulati: «Ábilqayyr ólgen song ózbek úlysynda ýlken kelispeushilikter boldy, júrttyng kóbi Kerey han men Jәnibek hangha ketip qaldy, olardyng sany 200 myngha jetti olardy ózbek-qazaqtar dep atay bastady» - deydi. (Tarihy Rashidi. Múhammed Haydar Dulati. 170-171-better). Qazaq handyghy turaly derekter óte kóp , onyng bir mysalyn keltirdik, qazaq handyghy turaly, qazaqtar turaly Ábilúazy, Qadyrghaly jalayyry jazdy, 18-ghasyrdaghy Orys pen Sini imperiyasy da jazghan, sonyng bәrin qyrghyzdyng aituly ziyalysymyz dep jýrgen adamdardyng kórmey qaluy tanghalarlyq qúbylys. Búl anyq nadandyq pa әlde әdeyi jasaghan әlde kimderge paydaly eki halyqtyng arasyna ot jaghu ma?

Fon. Stallenberg kartasy. Qazaq ordasy. 1630 j. Vikiypediya.

Osy kartada qyrghyzdar burút tatar nemese qyrghyz delinip qazaq handyghynyng bir taypasy retinde jazylghan.

Qyrghyzdar Yuan úlysyna qarap Sibirde, Eneseyde túrdy, sany 40-50 mynnan aspaytyn taypa boldy. 1209- jyly Shynghyshannyng ýlken úly Joshy Sibirge attanghan kezde qyrghyz begi Yrys inal aq súnqar tartu etip soghyssyz baghyndy, búl býkil әlem biletin tariyh. Sonda bәrinen qyrghyz jasau qanday logikagha siyady? Týsiniksiz.

Al qyrghyzdardyng qazirgi Qyrghyzstangha kelui 16-ghasyrda boldy, Ol turaly Múhammed Haydar Dulati: «Mәnsýr han qyrghyzdardy Chalyshpen Túrpangha kóshirdi... Qyrghyzdardyng az toby mogholstangha qashty» (Tarihy Rashidi. Múhammed Haydar Dulati. 230- bet). Búl 1500- jyldardyng ainalasynda bolghan oqigha, búdan ilgeri Alatauda qyrghyz bolghany turaly derek joq. Qyrghyzdardyng 16-ghasyrda Eneseyden Alataugha kóshu sebebi oirattardyng qysymynan bolghan.  Ony «Manas» eposynan kóruge bolady. Qyrghyzdar Alataugha kelgennen keyin alghashynda moghol handaryna qarasa, 1524-jyldan bastap qazaq handaryna baghynady, ol turaly «Tarihy rashidi» de bylay delingen: «Han (sayd han) Qashqargha qaytty, men halyqty tynyshtandyrugha qansha tyryssamda qyrghyzdar boybermey Mogholstannyng shalghay aimaqtaryna ketip Tahir hangha(Qazaq hany) qosyldy» - deydi. (Tarihy Rashidi. Múhammed Haydar Dulatiy.695- bet). «Qyzyl qyrghyz tarihy» atty enbekting avtory Bilek Soltonov: «qyrghyzdar 170 jyl boyy qazaq handaryna qarap túrdy» - deydi. Osy barysta qazaqpen qyrghyz birge jasap bir-birine etene jaqyn halyqqa ainalghany anyq.

Qazaq nemese kirgiyz-kaysak mәselesi

16-17-18 ghasyrlarda qazaq ordasy Europa elderine mәlim boldy, osy dәuirlerdegi «Tatariya kartalarynda» qazaq ordasy turaly ondaghan karta bar, búnda birnesheuin keltireyik:

XVI ghasyrdyng 60-shy jyldary jaryq kórgen Sebastiyan Munsterding kartasyndaghy Qazaq Ordasy (Kosaki Orda). wikipedia.org.

"Kasaccia Horda" (Kazakh Khanate) on a British world map (1780)( https://ru.wikipedia.org.

Zertteushi Putkov ózining «kazak»atauy atty maqalasynda:«Gruziya aimaghynda 1480-jyldardan beri kóship jýrgender bizge kazak atymen belgili» deydi.

Orys tarihshysy Karamiziyn: «1480-jyly Altyn ordanyng songhy hany Ahmetke Shibandyq Ibaq 100 myng kazakpen shabuyl jasady, noghaylyq Janbyrshy myrza 15 myng kazakpen shabuyl jasap Ahmet handy óltirdi» - deydi. Búndaghy kazak kimder? Kóshpendi erkin halyqtardy aityp otyrghany anyq, búghan keyingi bizding qazaq pen kazaktardyng da qatysy bar ekenin joqqa shygharugha bolmaydy. (Nyghymet Mynjan. Qazaqtyng qysqasha tarihy. 21-bet. Almaty. Jalyn baspasy. 1994). Qazaq atauy men kazak atauy bir úghym, 18-ghasyrdan keyin orystar kazak pen qazaqty shatastyrmau ýshin qazaqty kirgiz nemese kirgiyz-kaysak dep, al naghyz qyrghyzdardy qara qyrghyz dep atady. Al Sini imperiyasy qazaqtardy «qazaq» (哈萨克 hasak) dep, al qyrghyzdardy «burút» dep atady, sonda ózge últtar qyrghyzdy Sini imperiyasy «burút» ataghan dep sender burútsyndar dese tura bola ma?

Sin kartasyndaghy qazaq handyghy. ajcass.com.

Znatnyy kirgiz s suprugoy, Huan Sin Chjigun Tu, 1769.

Búl suretter qyrghyz dep emes burút dep jazghan.

Soghan úqsas, 840-jyly úighyr qaghanatyn qúlatqandardy qytaysha Haghastar dep ataghan, 黠戛斯 (kóne qytaysha oqyluy: ha r ga sie) endi osy arqyly búl ataudyng qyrghyz degenge qaraghanda qakas nemese qaraqas degenge jaqyn ekenin biluge bolady, onda 840-jyly qaghanatty qúrushylar qyrghyzdar boluy ekitalay bolady. 1925-jyly Kenester odaghy últ aiyru sayasatyn bastaghan song kazaktardy orysqa qosty da qazaqtardy qaytadan kazak nemese kazah dep atady, sol ýshin 18-ghasyrdyng ortasynan 20-ghasyrdyng basyna deyin orys qazaqty qyrghyz ataghanyna bola esh qazaq ózin «qyrghyzbyn» degen emes! Sol ýshin qyrghyz halqy tarihty búrmalaytyn, sensasiyagha boy úrghysh arandatushy adamdardyng aitqanyna emes naqty tarihy derektermen ghylmy dәlelderge sýienip eki últtaghy úqsastyqtarmen aiyrmashylyqtardy aiyra bilgeni dúrys!

Erzat Kәribay

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