Alash qalasynyng qúramdas eldimekenderi
Ertisting sol jaghalauyndaghy auyldar men qystau, jataqtar el ishinde erterekten Alash qalasy atalyp jýrgenimen naqty tarihy qújattar boyynsha Alash qalasy resmy túrghyda 1917 jyldyng 11 mamyrymen 1927 jyldyng 15 qyrkýiek aralyghynda ghana qala dәrejesin iyelenip túrghan.
Ertisting sol jaghalauyndaghy ejelden sauda ortalyghy bolghan, keyinnen orys patshalyghy zamanynda «Zarechnaya slobodka» atalghan eldimekendi býginde Alash qalasynyng negizi dep jýrmiz, solay degenmen sol jaghalauda otyryqshy qazaqtar qonys qylghan ózge de auyldar bolghanyn eskere bermeymiz. 1871 jylghy «Semipalatinskie oblastnye vedomosti» shygharylymynyng №34 sanyndaghy: «Vremya postroeniya Tunebaevskoy slobodki, sushestvuishey niyje postroennyh kupecheskih lavok, otnositsya k 1826 godu.
Slobodka Djalomanova, nazvannaya tak po iymeny starshiny Djolomana, kotoryy pervyy postroil v 1829g. Derevyannyy dom, stoit vyshe byvshih kupecheskih lavok y voznikla s razresheniya Omskogo Oblastnogo Pravleniya» degen derekten sol jaghalauda ortalarynda sauda alany ornalasqan eki ýlken eldimeken bolghanyn angharu qiyn emes.
Semey Oblystyq Esep (sanaq) Komiytetining jyl sayynghy «Pamyatnaya knijka Semipalatinskoy oblasti» shygharylymyn paraqtasaq kóptegen derekterden maghlúmat alamyz. 1897 jylghy shygharylymnyng 119-123 betterindegi myna kestemen tanysayyq:
(Eskertu: keste yqshamdalynyp jәne ózge qalalar mәlimetteri salystyru ýshin alyndy)
a) V pos.Djalamanskom y Kokterekskom jivut iskluchiytelino osedlye kirgiyzy.»
«Pamyatnaya knijka Semipalatinskoy oblasty na 1898 g.» shygharylymynda:
«Semeyde 1398 ýi, túrghyndary: 11442 erkek, 9366 әiel;
Sol jaghalauda 997 ýi, túrghyndary: 2103 erkek, 3230 әiel;
Jolaman auylynda 31 ýi, túrghyndary: 45 erkek, 44 әiel» dep jazylyp
Jolaman auyly Kóken bolysynyng qúramynda dep kórsetiledi, sondyqtan bolar búl basylymnyng 1913 jylgha deyingi shygharylymdarynda Jolaman
auylynyng derekteri kóp kezdespeydi, tek 1906 jylghy shygharylymynda:
«Semeyde 3141 ýi, túrghyndary: 14106 erkek, 14116 әiel;
Sol jaghalauda 975 ýi, túrghyndary: 2295 erkek, 2395 әiel;
Jolaman auylynda 29 ýi, túrghyndary: 76 erkek, 58 әiel» dep kórsetilgen.
Búl derekterding naqtylyghyna kýmәnim zor. Óitkeni, QR Ortalyq Memlekettik múraghatyndaghy 478 qordyng 1 tizilimi 1 istegi «Spisok stroennym zarekoi Irtyshom okazavshiyesya po sviydetelistvu sdelannamu 4go chisla dekabrya 1841 goda podannomu vnovi ....» degen qújattyng 33, 34 paraqtarynda Jolaman auylyn keden baqylauyna kirgizu ýshin jýrgizilgen júmystar kezinde jasalghan auqatty adamdardyng ýilerining jәne dýkenderining tizimi bar. Tizimde 80 ýi, 7 dýken jazylghan sonyng ishinde auyl starshyny Jolaman Jandarbekúlynyn, balalary men tuysqandarynyng ýilerinen bólek, 5 ýii bolghany kórsetilgen.
«Spisok domov sostoyashih nalevom beregu reky Irtysh, protiv goroda Semipalatinska prinadlejashih raznym lisam» (QR OMM 478 qor, 1 tizimdeme, 1 is, 62 paraq qayyrma betimen) degen múraghat qújatynda Jolamannyng bir ýii bylay sipattalypty:
«Starshiny Djolamana Djandyrbekova, priynem otdelinaya kuhnya, ambar, banya, konushnya y skotskoy dvor krytyi, osobyy fliygeli iz odnoy komnaty dlya obitaniya vovse nesposobnyi».
Sóz arasynda, orys jylnamashylarynyng tarihy derekterdi búrmalauyndaghy taghy da bir maghlúmatty aita keteyin. Ertisti boylay Jarkent manyndaghy altyn tóbege jetu ýshin jol boyyna qorghanys bekinisterin salyp otyrghan orys patshasynyng әskery sholghynshysy leyb-gvardiya mayory I. M. Liharev 1721 jyldyng 19 qantarynda Kengir Túra manynan bekinis salugha qolayly jer tapqany jayly senatqa hat jazady, al biz Óskemen bekinisi 1720 jyly salynghan dep jýrmiz.
Semey qalasy meshitteri men medireseler tarihyn Semeydin jetinshi meshitining bas imamy, ahuny jәne medirese ústazy Ahmetuәly Ghaliyúly (Múnasypúly Orazmúhammed әl-Útariyding úrpaghy, 1833 jyly Semey qalasynda dýniyege kelgen) «Semey qalasynyng ahualy jәne imamdary» dep atau berip 1888 jyly jazghan qoljazbasynda sol jaghalau jayly bylay bayandaydy:
«...besinshi meshit (Jolaman meshiti. S.B.) Ertis ózenining arghy jaghynda ornalasqan. Onyng jamaghatynyng basym bóligi qazaq halqy, alayda arasynda orys kópesteri men qala túrghyndarynan bes-alty bay ghana bar, qalghandarynyng barlyghy qazaqtar. Búl aimaq 500-den astam ýii bar ýlken auyl sanalady.
...Ertisting arghy jaghynda, besinshi meshitting jamaghatymen shekaralas aimaqta, 1829 jyly altynshy nómirli meshit salyndy. Búl aghash meshit, biraq múnarasyz edi. Ony Tinibay Kәukenúly esimdi bay qazaq mesenaty óz qarjysyna túrghyzdy.
Búl meshitting jamaghaty týgeldey qazaqtardan qúraldy. Aymaqta 150-den astam ýy bolghan.»
Orys patshalyghy túsynda songhy salynghan Semey qorghanys bekinisine qarsy bettegi, Ertisting sol jaghalauyndaghy eldimekendegi túrghyn ýilerdin, әrtýrli ghimarattarmen túrghyn halyqtyng sany búrmalanyp jazylyp kelgen jәne «Semey qorghanys bekinisin salghannan keyin ghana sol jaghalaugha el qonystana bastaghan» degen sózding jalghandyghyn zertteushi ghalymdar enbekterindegi derekter aiqyndaydy.
Janúzaq Qasymbaev «Istoriya goroda Semipalatinska (1718-1917gg.)» kitabynda «bekinistegiler sol jaghalaugha azyq-týlik alu ýshin qayyqpen baratyn», orys patshasynyng ýkimeti «1747 jyly saudagerler ýshin ózenning arghy betinen kishigirim qonaq ýy salugha da niyet qyldy» dep jazghany Semeyding sol jaghalauynda, orystar «Zarechnaya slobodka» dep jýrgen jerde ejelden eldimekenning bolghanyn bildiredi.
«Gorod Alash» qújattar jinaghynyn (Semey, 2010.) 163 -167 betterinde
1917 jyldyng 30 mausymynda Alash qalasy atqaru komiytetining tóraghasy A.Andamasov, hatshysy Grigoriev qol qoyyp, Semey oblystyq komissariatyna joldaghan mәlimdemelerinde Alash qalasynyng tarihyna qatysty mynanday derekter berilgen:
«O samoupravleniy v Zarechnoy Slobodke»
30 iinya 1917g. g.Alash
«Semipalatinskaya Zarechnaya Slobodka /nyne pereiymenovana v Alash/ raspolojena na levom beregu r. Irtysha, iymeet dlinoy 3 versty y shirinoy 2 versty, byla zaselena na 12 let ranee g.Semipalatinska y sushestvuet 175 let, zemlya pod ney ranee byla tamojennogo vedomstva, kotoroe velo menovuy torgovlu so stepiu. Blizi lejashie y okrujayshie Slobodku zemly prinadlejat Sibirskomu Kazachiemu Voysku y Voyskovomu Hozyaystvennomu Pravlenii, kotoroe y otdaet ety zemly pod hlebopashestvo, bahchevodstvo, senokoshenie y t. d. ... »
Osy mәlimdemede Alash qalasy Semey qalasynan 12 jyl búryn qonystanghany aitylady, osy sóz shyndyq. Jәne búl jerde Semey qalasy dep Semey bekinisi aitylyp otyr. 175 jyl búryn dep jazghandary 1740 jyldardy menzeydi, yaghny 1767 jyldary general – poruchik IY.Shpringerdin, al 1770 – 1776 jyldary injener – topograf I.Andreevting jobasy boyynsha salynghan Semey qorghanys bekinisining tórtinshi orny osy Alash qalasyna qarama – qarsy tústan tandalghany anyq. Búl bekinisting qúrylys júmysy 1777 jyldyng jeltoqsanynda tolyq ayaqtalghanymen múnda tek 1778 jyldyng jazynda ghana qonystanady. Semeyding qala atanuy 1782 jyly Tobyl guberniyasyndaghy «gorod Semipolatnyi» delinip, 1783 jyly «uezdnoy gorod Semipolatinsk» degennen bastau alady. Qala dep atanghanymen bar tirlik 1790 jyly bekinis órtengenge deyin sol qorghanys bekinisining ishinde bolatyn.
Erlan Sydyqovtyng «Alash qalasynyng tarihy» (Semey, 2010) kitabynyng 144-203 betterinde Alash qalasy qala mәrtebesine ie bolghanyna eki jylgha taqau uaqyt ótsede keybir keritartpa jandardyng úiymdastyruymen «Zasedaniya Semipalatinskoy osoboy komissiy dlya rassmotreniya voprosa o vydeleniy Semipalatinskoy Zarechnoy Slobodky v samostoyatelinuy gorordskuy edinisu» degen taqyryppen 1919 jyldyng 9 sәuir kýni jiyn ótkeni, sol jiynda mynanday derek aitylghan qújat kóshirmesi berilgen:
«...v 1760 godu na meste nyneshnego raspolojeniya Slobodky byl postroen menovoy dvor, kotoryy spustya 18 let, /v 1778 g./ byl perenesen na pravyy bereg reky Irtysha. Po-vidimomu, dvor etot, buduchy na levoy storone reki, privlek k sebe vnimanie torgovsev, kak udobnoe mesto dlya obmena tovarov so stepnym naseleniyem, tak kak v 1795 godu ukazom Kolyvanskoy kazennoy palaty, dannym Semipalatinskoy Pogranichnoy tamojne 25 aprelya, za № 796, bylo razresheno Semipalatinskomu kupechestvu proizvoditi torgovlu y stroiti na levom beregu reky Irtysha protiv goroda Semipalatinska, kak dlya torgovli, tak y dlya jiytelistva neobhodimye stroeniya. Takim obrazom, Semipalatinskaya Zarechnaya Slobodka poluchila svoe nachalo v 1795 godu».
Al, Semey ónirining tarihyn zertteushiler IY.Zemlyanisynnyng «Istoricheskiy ocherk Semipalatinska y ego torgovlya» (1876 jyl), V.P.Nikitinning «Istoricheskiy ocherk» (1887 jyl) enbekterinde Ábilpeyiz súltannyng 1758 jyldary óz qaramaghyndaghy júrtyn Ertis boyyndaghy sauda alanynda sauda jasau ýshin jaqyndap, Shaghan ózeni men Shaghyl manyna qonystandyra bastaghany jazylghan. Búl jerlerdi uaq ruy mekendep otyrghandyqtan Ábilpeyiz súltan 1760 jyly Peterbordaghy orys patshasyna jýginedi.
«Russkoe Praviytelistvo, zabotyasi o podderjaniy torgovyh otnosheniy s novymy svoimy sosedyamy na Irtyshskoy linii, uvajilo hodataystvo Abdul-Faiza y v 1764 godu dlya torga s kirgiyz-kaysakamy v 15 verstah vyshe togdashney Semipolatinskoy kreposti, protiv razvalin Semipalat, na levom beregu Irtysha byl ustroen osobyy menovoy dvor, poslujivshim vposledstviy osnovaniyem nyneshney Semipalatinskoy zarechnoy slobodki» dep jazady orys zertteushisi IY.Zemlyasyn.
Osynday jazbalargha sýiene otyryp Alash qalasynyng qúramynda Orta jataq (Zarechnaya slobodka), Shaghyl (Komsomoliskiy kenti), Tómengi jataq – Qayyqauzy nemese №2 auyl (Nahalovka), Taraqty jataghy (14 móltekaudan, 905 stroyka), Múqyr (Bobrovka), Jogharghy jataq–Jolaman, Biyghúl (Suyqbastau kenti), Kókterek auyldary bolghan dep aita alamyz.
Kókterek auyly Qúrtoghan ózenining Ertiske qúyar saghasynyng ong jaghalauyndaghy sayajay alabynyng ornynda nemes Charskaya kóshesimen Shar túiyq kósheleri ornalasqan aumaqta bolghan dep topshylaymyn.
Sonymen qatar Qayyqauzynan tómen Saptyayaq, Arghynbay, Múrat, Qúrmanqoja qystaularymen qosa taghy da 5 qystau bolghanyn; Adyrhan, Molda, Jәngir molda auyldary bolghanyn; Botov, Kamenskiyh, Andreevtardyng keme ailaqtary (parohodnaya pristani) jәne Zlokazovtyng jýn juatyn kәsiporny bolghanyn eskersek Alash qalasynyng әkimshilik –basqaru aumaghynyng kólemdi bolghanyna kóz jetkizer edik.
Jәne búl tarihy shyndyqtyng ashylyp, tarihy әdilettilikting ornaghany bolar edi.
Serikbek Bolatbekúly
Abai.kz
