1947 jyly 13 mamyrda KSRO Ministrler Kenesi Reseyding Astrahan, Volgograd, Qazaqstannyng búrynghy Oral, Guriev oblystary aumaghynda Ortalyq memlekettik "Kapustin yar" poligonyn qúru jóninde sheshim qabyldady. KSRO Ministrler kenesining 1951 jyly 21 jeltoqsandaghy №5263 qaulysyna sәikes poligon aumaghyn úlghaytu maqsatynda Batys Qazaqstan oblysyndaghy Orda audanynyng 1 million 355 myng 692 gektar jeri әskery poligon iyeligine beriledi.

1952 jyldyng jazynda Qazaqstan kartasynan býtin bir audan joyyldy. Onymen birge Bókey dalasyndaghy ondaghan auyl men jýzdegen adamnyng taghdyry shyrghalangha týsti. Olardy tauar tasityn vagondargha tiyep, elimizding ontýstik ónirine jóneltken edi. Resmy týrde múny "odaq ishindegi qonys audaru" sanaghanymen, aqiqatynda búl naghyz deportasiya bolatyn. Al erkinen tys qonys audarylghandardyng atamekeni KSRO Ministrler Kenesining qaulysymen "Kapustin Yar" әskery poligonynyng qajetine berilip, ol jerde kenestik zymyrandar synaldy.

Sonyng nәtiyjesinde Qazaq KSR Ministrler Kenesining respublikalyq ishki qonys audaru josparyn bekitu jóninde 1951 jyly 14 jeltoqsandaghy №1013-119s qaulysyna sәikes, 1952 jyly oblystyng 300, onyng ishinde Janaqala audanynyng 125, Orda audanynyng 175 kolhoz sharuashylyqtaryn, Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysynyng maqta ósiretin audandaryna kóshiru turaly sheshim shyghardy.

Halyq týgeldey ontýstikke qonys audarmasa da, 1952 jyly shilde aiynda Sayhyn stansiyasynan Orda audanynyng Internasional, Kaganovich, Kalinin atyndaghy ýsh kolhozy, al Alghay stansiyasynan Janaqala audanynyng Saryózen jәne Lenin atyndaghy, barlyghy 5 kolhozdan — 336 otbasy, 1805 adam Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysynyng Jetisay aimaghyna jetkizildi.

Búdan ózge Orda audanynan Guriev oblysyna — 9 kolhoz, oblystyng ishki Chapaev audanyna — 5 kolhoz, Taypaq audanyna — 1 kolhoz, Janaqala audanyna — 2 kolhoz, Jәnibek audanyna — 10 kolhoz, barlyghy 30 kolhoz sharuashylyghy kóshirildi. Al Orda audanymen irgeles Janaqala audanynan Guriev oblysyna — 4 kolhoz, oblystyng ishki Jympity audanyna — 2 kolhoz, Chapaev audanyna — 3 kolhoz, Bórli audanyna — 1 kolhoz sharuashylyqtary kóshirilip, halyq respublikalyq ishki deportasiyagha úshyrady. Sóitip ainalasy 7–8 aidyng ishinde "Kapustin Yar" poligonyna tandap alynghan jer bosatylyp, Orda audany taratylady.

Kuәgerler arasynda birdi-ekili sol uaqytta eresek jastaghy adamdar, sonymen qatar 10–12 jasta bolghan balalar bar. Olardyng aituynsha, qonys audarushylardy әueli әskery kólikpen Sayhyn stansiyasyna jetkizgen. Kýn ystyqta poyyzdy saryla kýtken olar stansiya basynda on shaqty kýn ashyq aspan astynda otyrghan. Odan song barlyghyn jýk tasityn vagondargha tiyep, әri qaray temir jolmen әketken. Batys aimaqtan Jetisay ónirine deyin shildening ystyghynda 15–20 kýn jýrgen olar jol boyy talay qiyndyq kórgen. Tipti apshyny quyrghan aptapta kenezesi keuip, ayaldaghan beketterde bir jútym su alamyn dep jantalasqandar arasynda poyyzdyng astyna týsip jan tapsyrghandar bolghan.

Onday derekti aitqan jannyng biri — Aqlima Bayantasova. Qazir 95 jastaghy keyuananyng kózi tiri, audan ortalyghy Jәnibek auylynda túryp jatyr. Aqlima anamyz sol jyly qyrqynan jana shyqqan úly Tilepbergendi qúshaqtap, 3 jastaghy qyzy Núrjiyandy jetektep, ystyq vagon ishinde ontýstikke qinalyp jetedi. Kórgen qiyndyghyn jipke tizgendey etip tauysa almaghan Aqlima jýk tasityn vagongha tiyelgen halyqtyng jaghdayyn bylay esine alghan:

"Arys stansasyna ayaldap, aua jútyp alghan son, keri vagongha jayghastyq. Qasynda kishkentay qyzy bar bir kempir tómende qalyp qoyypty. Poyyz kelip, vagondardy tirkep jatqanda әlgi kempir shaynegin ala jýgirgen. Endi minemin degende ayaghyndaghy galoshy jerge týsip ketip, ony alamyn dep talpynghanda poyyzdyng astyna qúlady. Sol sәtte poyyzdyng temir dóngelekteri kempirding eki ayaghyn kesip ketipti. Eki ayaghy, shúlyghy, galoshy relisting arghy jaghynda jatyr. Keudesi bergi jaghynda. Qan suday aqty. Qasyna barghan kelinine keudesin kórsetip, ym qaqty da, jan tapsyrdy. Keudesine salghan aqshasy bar eken. Bәrimiz zarlap jyladyq".

Batys aimaqtan әueli әiel men bala-shaghany, shal-kempirlerdi kóshiredi. Er-azamattar memleketting malyn tapsyryp, keyin, arada 15–20 kýn ótkesin sondarynan keledi.

Eriksiz kóshirilgen halyq barghan kýnnen bastap әleumettik -ekonomikalyq qiyndyqtargha tap keldi. Sebebi Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysynyng Iliichev audanyna (qazirgi Jetisay) qonys audarushylar ýshin aldyn ala dayyndalghan ýi-jay bolmady. Shildening shilingirinde jiyrma kýnge juyq azyp-tozyp jetken júrt ashyq dalada ómir sýrdi. Bir qatary jertóle qazyp, sony panalady. Auyz sudan qinalghan olar mal suaratyn aryqtan lay su iship, soghan kir-qonyn judy. Búl turasynda Aqlima Bayantasova taghy bylay degeni bar:

"Ashyq aspan astynda jer qazyp, kirpish qúiyp jatqan bir otbasynyng uaqytsha salghan lashyghynyng kólenkesinde otyrdyq. Alapat ystyq. Aryqtan kir, lay su ishtik. Otyn joq… Tughan jerimizdi týsimizde kóretinbiz, saghynyp jýrdik. Biz ólmey, tiri qaldyq, qalghan qiyndyqtyng bәrin kórdik. Soghys kezindegi qiyndyqtan góri aidyn-kýnning amanynda el-júrttan qol ýzgen qiyndyq úmytylmaydy eken".

Halyqtyng azap shegip, qiyndyq kóruine sebep bolghan taghy bir jayt bar. Týrkistan oblystyq arhiv qorynda saqtalghan derekter boyynsha, sol kezderi Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysynyng Jetisay aimaghyna batys qazaqstandyqtardy ghana kóshirip әkelmegen. Mәselen, 1950–1952 jyldary Qazaqstannyng on eki oblysynan týrli últ ókilderi osynda qonys audarylady: 1952 jyldyng mausym-tamyz ailarynda Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysy Bolishenarym audanynan Iliichev audanynyng Progess kolhozyna 8 otbasy, Pavlodar oblysy Besqaraghay audanynan Iliichev audanynyng Mikoyan kolhozyna 68 otbasy, Aqmola oblysy Molotov audany Krasnyy pahari kolhozynan Iliichev audanynyng 7 uchastogine 66 otbasy, sonday-aq Taldyqorghan, Semey, Soltýstik Qazaqstan, Shyghys Qazaqstan, Kókshetau, Qostanay, Aqtóbe, Jambyl jәne Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysynyng ishki audandarynan týrli últ ókilderi de kóshirilgen.

Shyndyghynda Jetisay aimaghynyng múnday kóp adamdy qabyldaugha týk dayyndyghy joq edi. Al kýn sayyn jaghdayy ushyqqan qonys audarushylardyng әleumettik tynys-tirshiligi tipten keri kete bastady. Osyghan oray 1952 jyldyng 11 jeltoqsanynda Qazaq KSR Ministrler Kenesining tóraghasy E.Taybekovting "Qonys audaru josparynyng oryndalu barysy jәne qonys audarushylardyng sharuashylyq jaghdaylaryn úiymdastyru sharalary turaly" jarlyghy shyqqan. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde arnayy qúrylghan memlekettik komissiya Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysynyng 17 kolhozynda tekseris jýrgizip, mynaday jayttardy anyqtaydy:

"1952 jyldyng jazynda qonys audarylghandar arasynda soghys mýgedekterinin, soghysta qaza tapqan jauyngerlerding otbasylary, kóp balaly otbasylar, jalghyzbasty analar, qart adamdar materialdyq kómekke múqtaj. Kóptegen kolhozshylardyng jeytin nany, ishetin auyz suy joq. Barlyq kolhozdarda әielder bosanatyn ýiler, qoghamdyq monsha, telefon baylanysy joq. Mektep ghimarattarynyng jetispeui saldarynan balalar ýsh auysymda oqidy. Mektepterding kópshiliginde jylu, jaryq joq".

Búl mәlimetterden jauapty oryndardyng múnda kóshirilgenderding jaghdayynan habardar bolghanyn angharamyz. Alayda tekseristen song atqarylghan sharalar qonys audarushylardyng auyr túrmysyn tolyqqandy sheship bere almaghan. Mysaly, 1953 jyly 6 nauryzda Qazaq KSR Ministrler Kenesi janyndaghy Qonys audaru basqarmasynda ótkizilgen mәjiliste oblystyq atqaru komiytetining tóraghasy P.G.Lugin ónirge qonys audarushylardyng sharuashylyq -túrmystyq jaghdayy turaly bayandama jasap, Jetisay aimaghynda qalyptasqan ahual qyzu talqylanady. Biraq 1952 jylghy josparda bekitilgen 3200 ýiding 1424-i ghana salynyp bitkeni belgili bolady. Soghan sәikes qonys audarushy 4124 otbasynyng tek 2682-ne ghana baspana búiyrsa, 1098 otbasynyng ózgelermen birigip bir ýide túrghany, qalghan otbasylardyng әli de jertólede kýn keship jatqany anyqtaldy.

Jetisay ónirine qonys audarylghandargha arnalghan túrghyn ýidin, medisinalyq kómek pen qoghamdyq monshanyng bolmauy, taza auyz suy men azyq-týlikting jetispeui saldarynan epiydemiyalyq aurular, jappay asqazan-ishek aurulary etek jayady. Búl dertterding asqynghany sonshalyq, qarttar, әsirese balalar ólimi kýrt artady.

Búl rette biz eki derekke iyek arta alamyz. Biri — qiyn-qystau uaqyttyng tiri kuәgerleri aitqan aqiqattar, ekinshisi — resmy qújattarda saqtalghan derekter. Mәselen, 1953 jyly 15 qantarda Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblystyq qonys audaru basqarmasy Qazaqstan Kompartiyasy Ortalyq Komiytetining hatshysy J.Shayahmetovke jәne Qazaq KSR Ministrler Kenesining janyndaghy Qonys audaru basqarmasyna qyzylsha men ókpening qabynuynan, sonday-aq júqpaly aurulardyng taraluynan 38 balanyng shetinegenin mәlimdeydi.

Biraq qazirgi Týrkistan oblysynyng Jetisay audanyndaghy Janaauyl (búrynghy Teliman) janyndaghy Saparaly ata qorymynyng ontýstik-batysynda sozylyp jatqan tóbe-tóbe shaghyn topyraq ýiindilerine qarap otyryp, basqasha oy týiemiz. Sebebi búl ziratta sol jyldary shetinep ketken balalar jerlengen. Al balalar ziraty aumaghynyng kólemi jogharyda keltirilgen resmy sangha kýdik keltiredi.

Kónildegi kýdigimizdi kuәgerler keltirgen aighaqtar quattay týsedi. Solardyng biri Kóshkinbay Qapolov auyr jaghdaydan qynaday qyrylghan balalardyng sanynda esep bolmaghanyn aitady:

"Balalar ólimi kóp boldy. 11 balasy bar otbasynyng 2 balasy ghana tiri qalghanyn kórdim".

Elge belgili aqyn atanghan Qayrat Júmaghaliyev jyly oryndaryn suytyp, Jetisaygha kóship kelgenderding biri. Onyng sózinshe, tipti zobalang uaqytta mәiitti jerleytin adam tabylmaytyn:

"Ólimning kóptigi sonshalyq: adamdar bir-birine kónil aitudan qalady eken. Zang qatty, eshkimdi sebepsiz júmystan bosatpaydy, ólikterdi jerleuding ózi syn boldy ghoy. Óitkeni ólikti jerleytin adam joq. Osylay auyldyng shetinde ainalasy at shaptyrym qorym-zirat payda boldy".

Al Gýljiyan Shoqanaeva 1952 jyldyng mamyr aiynyng ayaghynda Maqtaaral audanynyng Teliman atyndaghy újymshargha kelip qonystanghan. Alghashynda jergilikti túrghynnyng bir bólmesin panalaghan ol da júqpaly ishek auruynan talay otbasy qara jamyldy deydi:

"Újymsharda maqta terip, aryq tazalaymyz. Júqpaly ishek auruynan kóptegen adam qaytys boldy. Bizben birge barghan týie fermasynyng bastyghy Hamit Jýnisovting bes balasy shetinep, sonyng ekeuin bir kýnde jer qoynyna tapsyryp, qayghydan tenselip ketkenin de kórdik. Auyldan birge kóshken Búrhan men Aghipa Ómirzaqovtardyng otbasyndaghy ýsh qyzy men bir úlyn qara jerge tapsyryp, jer bauyrlap qalghanyna da kuә boldyq".

Deportasiya kesirinen tughan jerinen ajyrap, Jetisay ónirine qonys tepkenderdi izdestire jýrip taghy bir jaghdaymen qanyqtyq. Eriksiz qonys audarushylar arasynda әli kýnge deyin atamekeninde qalghan tuystaryn izdep jýrgender bar eken. Mysaly, 1965 jyly dýniyege kelgen Álibek Múqanghaliyev qazir Týrkistan oblysyndaghy (búrynghy Ontýstik Qazaqstan) Qaraqay eldi mekeninde túrady. Ákesi Quanyshqaly jer audarylghanda 11–12 jastaghy bala bolypty. Ájesi Jibek ishki deportasiya uaqytynda balalary — Lәtipa (1937 jyly tughan), Quanyshqaly (1941 jyly tughan) jәne Quandyqty (1944 jyly tughan) ertip, azyp-tozyp әreng jetken. Búl kisilerding shyqqan jeri — Janaqala audany eken. Álibek qazirgi kýnge deyin Oral jaqta qalghan tuystaryn izdep jýr:

"Batys Qazaqstandaghy әkemning tuystaryn izdep jýrmin. Ázirge nәtiyje joq. "Jeti atasyn bilmegen jetesiz" degen, mektepte oqityn úl men qyzym bayqaugha qatysyp, jeti atasyn aita almay, jýlde ala almaghan kýnderi de boldy".

Al arhiv qújattarynda kolhozshylardyng Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysyna ata-ana, tuysqandarynan ajyramay birge kóshirudi súrap jazghan jalynyshty ótinishteri kóp. Qazaq KSR Jogharghy Kenesi Prezidium tóraghasy Daniyal Kerimbaevqa jazylghan hatta:

"Batys Qazaqstan oblysy Orda audany shumagha qarsy kýres bóliminde qyzmet jasaymyn. Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysyna kóshiriletin ata-anammen birge ketkim keledi. Orda audandyq atqaru komiyteti búl ótinishimdi qabyldamady. Búl iske Sizding aralasuynyzdy súraymyn. Tomanov", – delingen.

Alayda túrghyndardyng búl ótinishine eshkim qúlaq aspaghan sekildi. Oghan myna arhiv derekteri dәlel bola alady:

"Orda audandyq partiya komiytetining sekretary joldas Kenjebek Mendaliyevke Orda poselkasynda túrushy, Otan soghysynda qaza tapqan jauyngerding semiyasy Tomanov Sarydan: Mening birge tughan eki inim, ekeui de Kaganovich kolhozynda. Olar Yujnyy Kazahstangha kóshpek. Meni solarmen birge kóshirudi súraymyn. Búl turasynda kóp jerlerden súrap, jalynushylyq jasadym. Biraq aryzymnan nәtiyje shyghara almay kelemin. Osy turasynda sauatsyz mendey kәrige kómektesuinizdi ótinemin. Oblispolkomning hatyn jalghadym. S. Tomanov. 3/VII.1952".

Kýshtep qonys audaru kezinde bir-birinen ajyrap, kóz jazyp qalghan, keyin tabysqan tuysqandar da bar. Búghan Týrkistan oblysynyng Keles audanyndaghy Jana dәuir auylynda túratyn Aybarshyn Jahanshaqyzynyng (1962 jyly tughan) әngimesin keltirsek jetip jatyr:

"Enem marqúm Núrghanym Digarovanyng "Ayyrylyp qayran elden kelgennen son, Bauyrdyng bәrinen de pәk bolghan son" dep synsyp jylap otyratyny jadymda qalypty. 1952 jyly Oral jaqta bólinip qalghan enemning eki bauyry 1986 jyly izdep kelip, olar bir-birimen jylap kóristi".

Zertteu nәtiyjelerine sýiene otyryp bayqaytynymyz, "Kapustin Yar" әskery poligonyna berilgen jerden qazaq halqyn eriksiz kóshiru olargha әleumettik-ekonomikalyq túrghydan orasan qiyndyq әkelip qoyghan joq. Sonymen qatar moralidyq -psihologiyalyq túrghydan auyr soqqy bolyp tiydi.

Arhiv derekterinde Orda audanynan 3 kolhoz, Janaqala audanyna 2 kolhoz túrghyny, barlyghy 1805 adam sol kezdegi Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysynyng Jetisay aimaghyna kóshirilgeni aiqyn kórsetilgenimen, olardy jynysyna, jas ereksheligine oray anyqtau mýmkin bolmay otyr. Áli kýnge deyin kýshtep kóshirilgenderding arasynda qansha er men әiel, qansha qart kisi men bala boldy degen súraqqa jauap joq. Sonymen qatar kóship kelgenderding keri qashuy da keybir kómeski tústardy qalyndatyp jiberedi. Sebebi bәrining tólqújatyn jinap alghanymen, birqatary jana ortany jersinbey, jasyryn keri kóship ketedi. Keybiri kórshi Ózbekstangha ótse, tipti aralarynda Resey asyp ketkenderi bar eken. Biraq olardyng da naqty sany әzirge belgisiz. Búl jayynda Qayrat Júmaghaliyev:

"Qashqandardyng ózi malyn qorasyna baylap, otyn jaghyp qoyyp, eshkimge bildirmey aily týnde soqa bastaryn alyp, ketip jatty" – deydi. Demek búl taqyryp әli de zertteudi qajet etedi.

Kenestik kezende deportasiya taqyrybyn zertteuge tyiym salyndy. Tәuel­sizdikting arqasynda otandyq tarihshylargha shygharmashylyq erkindik berildi. Elimizdegi jabyq arhiv qorlary ashylyp, últtyq tarihymyzdy jana kózqaras túrghysynan payymdaugha keng jol ashyldy. Memleket basshysynyng 2020 jyly 24 qarashadaghy "Sayasiy-qughyn sýrgin qúrbandaryn tolyq aqtau jónindegi memlekettik komissiya turaly" Jarlyghy búl mýmkindikting ayasyn odan әri keneyte týsti. Batys Qazaqstan oblystyq memlekettik arhiv qoryndaghy derekter negizinde jariyalanghan qazaq deportasiyasy turaly mono­grafiyalyq enbek búl pikirimizge dәlel bolady (Boranbaeva B.S. "Kapustin Yar әskery poligony: qazaq deportasiyasy". – Oral: "Poligrafserviys", 2022. – 268 b.).

Últtyq ghylym akademiyasynyng akademiygi, tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor Hankeldi Mahmútúly monografiyany "tyngha týren salghan enbek" dep baghalady (Ábjanov H.M., "Tyngha týren salghan enbek"//«Egemen Qazaqstan», 24.01.2023). Aqjayiq telearnasynyng qoldauymen jurnalist Gýlmira Tileubaeva osy kitaptyng jelisinde "Ordadaghy oiran. Qazaq deportasiyasy" atty tarihy tanymdyq filim týsirdi. Sóitip, últ tarihynyng aqtandaq betterin tolyqtyrugha ýlken ýles qosyldy.

1952 jyly Orda audany halqyn shúghyl kóshiruge qatysty Batys Qazaqstan oblystyq arhiv qorynda saqtalghan derekter Bókey dalasyndaghy qonys audaru isi, shyn mәninde, halyqtyng erkinen tys, jogharydan kelgen búiryqty búljytpay oryndau týrinde qatang týrde jýrgizilgenin anyq dәleldeydi. Mәselen, Batys Qazaqstan oblystyq atqaru komiytetining tóraghasy S.Gafiattullin men onyng orynbasary N.Gabdullin Orda audandyq kenes tóraghasy A.Vaisovke «Stansagha vagondar beriledi. Jóneltu kýni 27 mausym. Jóneltu stansasyna jetkizilgen otbasylar, otbasylardy tasymaldaghan ma­shinalardyng sany, qújattardyng rәsimdelu barysy, taghayyndalghan eshelon bastyghynyng aty-jónin kórsetip, kolhozshylardyng Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysyna kóshuge dayyndyghyn habarlanyz», «Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysyna qonys audaratyn kolhozdardy tasymaldaytyn 43 vagon Sayhyn stansasyna 27 mausym kýni beriledi . Jóneltu stansasyna adamdardy kórsetilgen uaqyttan keshiktirmey jetkizudi mindetteymin. Qonys audarushylardy sanitarlyq tazalyqtan ótkizu jәne olargha qonys audaru biyletin, taghy basqa qújattaryn tapsyru júmystary respublikalyq Ministrler Kenesining 1952 jyly 21 aqpandaghy núsqau haty boyynsha jýrgizilsin», degen búiryq beredi. Orda, Janaqala audandarynyng basshylary búl búiryqty búljytpay oryndap, qonys audarushylardy Sayhyn, Alghay stansalaryna shúghyl jetkizgenimen, jolaushylar jaz aiynyng ystyghynda poezd kýtip, stansa basynda birneshe kýn jatqan.

Janaqala audany Qyzyloba aulynda túratyn Qapolov Kóshkinbay ata: (1937 jyly tughan) "Janaqala audany, Lenin kolhozynan kóshkende 5-klass bitirgen balamyn. Bәrimizdi әskery mashinalarmen 200 shaqyrym jer shamasyndaghy Alghay stansasyna alyp keldi. Stansa basynda poyyz kýtip, 15 kýndey ashyq jerde jattyq. Sheshelerimiz ýiden alyp shyqqan tary talqanyn sugha ezip azyq etip beredi. Osy uaqytta qúmda ósken bizder sugha jýzudi ýirenip aldyq. Búnyng keyin maghan kóp kómegi tiydi", dep eske alady.

Sóitip, 1952 jyldyng shilde aiynda Sayhyn stansasynan Orda audanynyng Internasional, Kaganovich, Kalinin atyndaghy ýsh újymshary, al Alghay stansasynan Janaqala audanynyng Saryózen jәne Lenin atyndaghy barlyghy 5 újymshardyng 336 otbasy, 1805 adam Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysyna deportasiyalandy.

Týrkistan oblystyq jәne Jetisay ónirlik arhiv derekterine qaraghanda, 1950-1952 jyldary Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysynyng Jetisay aimaghyna batys­qazaqstandyqtardan bólek, Qazaqstannyng on eki oblysynan týrli últ ókilderi de kóshirilgen.

Baqtyly Boranbaeva

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