Aynalasy birneshe aidyng ishinde kәri Europa qúrlyghy tolyqtay derlik  Gitlerlik Germaniyagha berile saldy. Olar iyelenip alghan elderding armiyasy da fashisterge qyzmet etip, óndiris oryndary nasisterding tapsyrystaryn sózsiz oryndaumen boldy.  

Aytalyq, Chehoslovakiyanyng barlyq kәsiporyndary fashistik Germaniya jaghynda boldy.  Sonyng ishinde bir ghana «Shkoda» óndirisining ózi soghys bastalardan búryn  1940 jyly Úly Britaniyanyng bir jylda jasaytyn ónimining kóleminde mashina, qaru-jaraq óndirgen kórinedi. Germaniya armiyasyn Daniya memleketi azyq-týlikpen, Fransiya kólikpen,  Rumyniya janar-jagharmaymen qamtamasyz etkeni jayynda tarihy derekter kezdesedi.

Ekinshi soghys bastalghan 1941 jyly Finlyandiya, Rumyniya, Vengeriyanyng 29 diviyzinen, 16 korpusynan qúrylghan jauyngerler, keyin Slovakiya, Chehiya, Bogemiya Moraviya, Horvatiya, Albaniya, Gollandiya, Daniya, Norvegiya jәne Fransiya legiondary, Italiyanyng ekspedisiyalyq armiyalary, eriktiler jasaqtary fashistik Germaniyagha bolysyp, SSSR-ge  qarsy soghysqany qazirgi kýni basy ashyq әngime. Olardyng úzyn sany 5,9 million jauyngerden túrghan eken. Búl sol tústaghy German armiyasynyng 26-30%-y bolghan kórinedi.

Al, osynday joyqyn kýshke qarsy Qyzyl armiyanyng 2,9 million әskeri qalay tótep berdi degen saual tarihshylardy qatty oilandyrsa kerek.

Shyn mәninde, Úly Britaniya men AQSh 1942 jyldan bastap Sovet odaghynyng resmy týrdegi odaqtasy sanalghanymen ózderining erekshe oiyndarymen әuestengenin aitatyndar barshylyq. Oghan mysal retinde 1942 jyly nasistik Germaniyanyng batys qanatynan II maydan ashudy I. Stalin birneshe ret ótingende U.Cherchill ýzildi-kesildi qarsy bolghany tarihy shyndyq. AQSh-tyng sol tústaghy preziydenti Franklin Ruzvelit te ol úsynysty qoldamaghan. Keyin viyse-preziydent Garry Trumen mynanday mәlimdeme taratqan: «Eger germandar basymdyqqa ie bola bastasa, biz orystargha kómektesuimiz kerek, al, orystar jenip bara jatsa, germandargha bolysuymyz qajet. Olar meylinshe, birin biri qyra týssin» (If we see that Germany is winning we ought to help Russia and if Russia is winning we ought to help Germany, and that way let them kill as many as possible...., («New York Times», 24.06.1941). 

Úly Britaniya men AQSh jәne olardyng ainalasynda bolghan elder 1939 jyly qyrkýiekte gitlerlik Germaniyagha qarsy soghys jariyalaghanymen  tek 1944 jyldyng mausymynda ghana ekinshi maydan ashyp, nasisterdi ong qaptalynan shabuyldap, bastaghany tarihtan mәlim.

Qalay desek te, Europadghy II soghys maydanyn sol tústaghy Soltýstik Afrika, Aziya-Tynyq múhit manynda bolghan qaqtyghystarmen salystyru mýmkin emes edi. Adam kýshi, qaru-jaraq, tehnika jәne shyghyny jaghynan da joyqyn bolghany ras. Biraq, stalindik sayasy qughyn-sýrginnen keyin zorgha es jighan, túrghyndary kedey, kósemining «topas» ekendigine qaramastan Sovet әskeri jeniske jetti. Batystyq odaqtastary sovetter kýshi nasist-fashisterdi oisyrata bastaghanda ghana ekinshi maydandy ashty. Sebebi, Berlindi olardyng birlesip basyp aluy jenisting jemisin bólisuge,  soghystan keyin Europagha baqylau jasaugha geosayasy jaghynan tiyimdi edi.

Dәl osy sayasattyng saldary Germaniyany ekige bóluge, әlemdik qauymdastyq arasyna «temir perde» qúrugha, «qyrghiy-qabaq soghystyn» bastaluyna tarihy sebep boldy.

Jenisten keyin búrynghy odaqtastary Angliya (U.Cherchill), AQSh (G.Trumen) elderi әu basta oilarynda bolghan oiyn tәrtibin 1946 jyldyng nauryz aiynda jalghastyryp, Sovet odaghy men sosialistik blok elderine qarsy «Qyrghiy-qabaq soghys» jariyalap, «temir perde» tartqan edi.

Keyinirek, 1972 jyldyng basynda AQSh preziydenti Richard Nikson Kongreste sóilegen sózinde bylay dedi:  «... Biz endi, Reseyde eshqashan  Aleksandr Matrosov, Zoya Kosmodemiyanskaya sekildi adamdardyng qayta tumauy ýshin qoldan kelgenning bәrin jasaugha tiyispiz».

Búl sózding dәl qanday maghynada aitylghanyn qazirgi kýni týsindiru qiyn. Sebebi, qyrghiy-qabaq soghys túsynda Batys әleminde sovettik qaharmandar turaly týrli qauesetter tarap, olardyng aqyl-esterining dúrystyghyna kýmәndanushylar da boy kórsetken. Sonday-aq, maskýnemdikting saldarynan pulemetting oq borap túrghan auzyn keudesimen jabudy erlikten góri esersoqtyqqa balaushylar da tabylghan. Sonda, olar sovet qoghamyn zombiylikten, esalandyqtan qútqarghysy keldi me? Degenmen, búl jerde Richard Nikson dәl sonday otanshyl batyrlardyng qayta tumauyna mýddeli boluy da mýmkin ghoy. Oghan dәl qazir pәlen dep tórelik aitu óte auyr.

Shyn mәninde, 1944 jyly Normandida Gitlerge qarsy ekinshi maydannyng ashylghany ras. Shyghysqa qaray qatty oiysyp ketken Gitler Batys jaqqa qyruar әsker men qaru-jaraq jetkizuge qauqarsyz edi.

Odaqtastar әskeri maydan shenberin barghan úlghayta týsti. Sol tústa Ervin Rommeldin  furerge joldaghan bayandamasynda:  «Vermahtyng armiyasyna kelip jatqan qosymsha kýshten  normandiyge kelgen jaudyng әskeri әlde qayda qatty ekpinmen ilgerilep keledi» - delingen.  

1944 jyly qysta germaniyalyq jogharghy  komandalyghy jasaghan bir iri jospary sovetting odaqtastaryna arnap dayyndaghan Ardenn shabuyly bolatyn. Atalmysh operasiyany bastau ýshin odaqtastardyng nazaryn ózge jaqqa búratyn «Greyf» atty әreketti dayyndaghan. Ondaghy basty maqsat  general Eyzanhauerdy óltiru bolghan.    

Gitler búl tapsyrmany ózining №1 diyversanty Otto Skorseniyge senip tapsyrghan. Skorseny de bar ónerin salyp baqty. Ol vermaht eriktiler әskerlerin dәl amerikandyq jauyngerler sekildi etip dayarlay bildi. 1944 jyly jeltoqsan aiynyng ortasynda әlgilerdi Amerikanyng №1 armiya sarbazdarynyng arasyna qosyp jiberedi. Barlyq is oilaghanday jýrip jatty.

Alayda, amerikandyq qarsy barlau úiymy da ózderining osal emestikterin kórsetti. Jospardy aldyn ala bilip alghan olar Eyzanhauerding ornyna ony soyyp qaptap qoyghanday qatty úqsas Smitti qaldyrghan. Operasiya dittegen túlghany emes, Smitting kózin jongmen ghana ayaqtaldy.

Skorseny Berlinge keledi. Operasiyasynyng maqsaty oryndalmasa da, odaqtastar armiyasynyng nazaryn barynsha audara aldy. Odaqtastar Ardenniyde qaqpangha týsip, oisyray soqqy aldy.  Jaghdaygha úzaq tótep bere almaytynyn týsingen Cherchill Stalinnen Karpattaghy shabuyldy jedel bastaudy úsynghan. Búl joly  Ardenniyde búghauda qalghan odaqtastar armiyasyn sovettik jauyngerler qútqarghany ras.  

Endi, soghystyng bastaluy turaly birer sóz. Negizi, býginge deyin ekinshi soghys ayaq astynan tuyndaghanday týsindirilip keldi. Kýtpegen jerden germandar shabuyl jasap, sovetti basyp aldy t.s.s. Eki jaqtyng da  barlau qyzmetteri ay qarap otyrmaghany bes jastaghy balagha da aidan anyq.   

Germaniyanyng Fureri 1941 jyly mamyrdyng 14-nde Stalinge hat jazghan.  Onda Sovet odaghynyng shekara manynda әskerin ornalastyruy shyn mәninde Angliyagha qarsy soghys ashudy kózdeytindiginen tuyndaghan әreket dep týsindirgen. Olay bolsa, 1941 jyldyng jazynda Qyzyl armiyanyng oisyray jenilgenin osy hatpen de baylanystyrugha bolatyn siyaqty.

Olay bolsa, Gitler hatynyng tolyq núsqasymen tanysayyq:

«Qúrmetti Stalin myrza!   
Angliyanyng memlekettiligin birjolata qúrtpayynsha siz ben biz jәne keleshek buyn ýshin Europada bayandy beybitshilik ornatu mýmkindik joq degen aqyrghy sheshimge kelgen sәtte osy hatty jazyp otyrmyn.

Sizge belgili, men búl maqsatqa jetu ýshin әskeriy-soghystyq birneshe is-әreket jasaugha sheshim qabyldaghan edim. Alayda, aqyrghy shayqas jaqyndaghan sayyn kýrdeli mәseleler tuyp jatyr. German halqy eshbir soghysty qalamaydy, әsirese, Angliyagha qarsy soghysugha. Sebebi, German  halqy aghylshyndardy bauyrlas el sanaytyndyqtan ózara soghysudy qasiret dep biledi.  

Men de sonday oida ekenimdi jasyrmaymyn. Aghylshyndardyng әskery jaghdayyn, armiyasynyng mýmkindigin eskere kele men olarmen dostaudy birneshe mәrte úsynghanmyn. Alayda, mening beybitshilik ýshin jasaghan úsynysyma kelemejdep jauap beruleri, әskery kýshterin úlghaytyp, yqtimal soghysqa býkilәlemdi tartulary, araldardy basyp alulary olardy birjolata tiyp, soghyspasa bolmaytyndyghyna meni sendirdi.

Sonday-aq, aghylshyn tynshylary «bauyrlas halyq» turaly taqyrybymdy zalymdyqpen paydalanyp ózderining nasihattaryna jaratyp jatyr...

Mening orynbasarlarymnyng biri Gess myrza (meninshe, ol qatty sharshaghandyqtan esinen adasqan boluy kerek)  Londongha baryp, ózine de senimsiz qadamdarymen aghylshyndardy aqylgha shaqyrghanyn siz biletin shygharsyz. Maghan kelgen aqparattargha qaraghanda, múnday oy mening armiyamnyng keybir generaldarynda da bar. Ásirese, aghylshyn aqsýiekterimen tuystas, ejelden atalas adamdar solay oilaydy.

Osyghan baylanysty men mynanday jaylargha alandaytyn boldym. Jaudyng kózinen tasada bolsyn dep mening armiyamnyng 80-ge juyq diviziyasy SSSR shekarasy manynda ornalasuy bizding aramyzda әskery qaqtyghys tudyruy mýmkin degen qanqu sóz taratylghangha úqsaydy.  

Sizge memleket basshysy retinde onyng olay emestigine ant-su iship aitamyn. Onday qanqu sózdi elemey túra almaghandyqtan siz shekaranyzgha kóp әsker toptastyryp jatqanynyzdy men jaqsy týsinemin.

Múnday jaghdayda kezdeysoq qaruly qaqtyghystardyng shyghuy yqtimal ekendigin joqqa shygharmaymyn. Onday jaghdayda alghashqy sebep-saldarynyng ózin anyqtau mýmkin bolmay qalady. Onday qayshylyqty toqtatu tipti de mýmkin bolmaydy.

Sizben aramyz barynsha ashyq-ayqyn boluyna mýddelimin. Mening generaldarymnyng әlde bireui әdeyi sanaly týrde qayshylyqty ýdetip, Angliyanyng taghdyryn ózgertip, olardy qútqarugha baghyttalghan josparymdy búzuynan qorqamyn. Mәsele bir aidyng merzimi jóninde ghana bolyp otyr.

Men mausym aiynyng 15-20-nde әskerlerimdi sizding shekaradan tobymen әketudi josparlap otyrmyn.  Sondyqtan, óz mindetin úmytqan mening keybir generaldarym tarapynan tuyndauy yqtimal arandatulargha berilmeuinizdi sizden ótinemin. Onday bolghan kýnning ózinde tózimdilik tanytyp, maghan jedel habarlauynyzdy súraymyn. Sonda ghana biz ortaq maqsatymyzgha jetemiz. Sizding biletin sol bir mәsele boyynsha mening ótinishime jyly shyray tanytqanynyz ýshin alghys aitamyn. Hatty sizge jedel jetkizu ýshin múnday tәsil qoldanghanyma keshirim súraymyn.

Biz shilde aiynda kezdesemiz dep senemin.

Zor iltipatpen, Adolif Gitler. 1941 jyly mamyr aiynyng 14-i».

Keybir sarapshylar «Gitler búl hatty jazghan kezde Sovet odaghyna basyp kiru merzimin bekitpegen bolatyn, ol aqyrghy sheshimin mamyr aiynyng 30-nda qabyldaghan» deydi.  

Áskery tarihshy Arsen Martirosyan «Gitler Sovet odaghyna shabuyl jasaudy erte josparlaghan. 1941 jyl mausymnyng 22-i degen san  Gitlerding sanasynda óshpestey jazylyp túrghan» degen tújyrym jasaydy.

Fashister isin qaraghan Nurnberg tribunaly derekterine qaraghanda, Gitler 1941 jyly sәuirding 30-nda generaldarynyng jiynynda mausymnyng 22-nde basyp kiretindigin mәlimdegen.  Al, keybir derekter boyynsha «Stalinning ózinde Germaniyany basyp alu turaly  jeke jospary bolghan. Dәleli retinde, Georgiy Jukov pen Semen Timoshenkonyng  1941 jyly mamyr aiynda Stalinge jazghan hattaryn keltiredi. Onda sovet armiyasyn Polisha jerine ornalastyru turaly sóz bolghan. Biraq, reseylik tarihshy Aleksandr Chubariyan «Búl jay ghana hattyng núsqasy. Al, Sovet armiyasynyng Germaniyagha basyp kirui jayynda talqylanghan naqty derek múraghatta joq» deydi.

Demek, ekinshi soghys qúpiyalary әli de tolyq ashylyp bitken joq.

Quandyq ShAMAHAYÚLY.

Abai.kz