KENESARY HAQYNDA KIM NE DEYDI?
Kenesary zamanynda, sol kezdegi qúrylymda orys әskeri «múzday qarulanghan». Olay deytinimiz vintovka, zenbirek, tapanshanyng birneshe týrimen qarulanyp, belinen qylysh týspegen kez. Esim han, Jәngir han, Ábilqayyr han, Abylay han dәuirindegi nayzanyng úshy múqalyp, qylyshtyng jýzi mayyrylyp orystar jetken jetistikke qazaqtar jete almay púshayman bolghan kez. Sonyng ózinde «zamanyng týlki bolsa, tazy bop shal» degen qaghidany berik ústanghan Kenesary han oq jetpeytin jerden qasha soghysyp, keng dalasynyng qúdyret kýshin erkin paydalana bildi. Artynan qughan jazalaushy otryadtar sary dalada sansyrap Kenesarynyng iyegining astynan adasyp qyrghyngha úshyrap otyrdy. Soghys – ýlken ónerdi qajet etedi.
Qazaqtyng hany Kenesarynyng erligine, batyldyghyna soghystaghy jyldam strategiyalyq sheshim qabyldauyna degen sýiispenshilikten, fransuzdyng ataqty jazushysy Juli Verni ózining romanynda onyng (Kenesarynyn) qasiretke toly taghdyryn basty keyipkerining prototiypine «Han Fedor» esimimen alghan. Álemdik tariyhqa Kenesary esimi osylaysha shyqqan.
Kenesarynyng adamy qasiyetin sóz etkende onyng soghys ónerin jetik mengergendigin jalang qylysh, yrghay sapty nayzany orystyng vintovkasyna, zenbiregine qarsy qoyyp 10 jyl boyy soghysqanyn baghalay bilu kerek. Kenesarynyng túsynda Orynborgha kelgen general gubernatorlar Neplueev, Perovskiy jauynyng әskery daryndylyghyna tang qalghandaryn jasyrmaydy. Obruchev Kenesarynyng bәibishesi Kýnimjandy tútqynda otyrghanda erekshe qúrmettep, eline qaytarynda kýieui-hannyng ózine arnap songhy shyqqan jenil tapansha syilauy «mýmkin kónili jibir» degen niyetten tughan edi. Biraq han Kene odan әri qatayyp «dýnie mýlikke aldaghysy kelgen eken» dep oilap elimdi, jerimdi bosatpay attan týspeytinin mәlim etti.
Perovskiy: «...biz qazaqtyng jerine basyp kirip otyrmyz. Qalaghan jerimizden bekinis salamyz. Jergilikti halyqty tyqsyryp shóleyt, qyratty, susyz jerlerge quamyz. Al Kenesary eshkimning jerine basyp kirgen joq, ol óz jerin qorghap jýr. Eger onyng jaqsy qarulanghan myltyqty, zenbirekti 5000 әskeri bolsa, Orta Aziyany baghyndyryp Reseydi ózimen sanastyratyn edi» dep jazdy Peterburgkke, joldastaryna joldaghan hatynda.
Kapitan Fomakov 1844 jyly Kenesarynyng artynan qua-qua sharshap qughyndy toqtatu jónindegi raportynda:
«...Kenesary aqyldy, Abylay hannyng qaysar úrpaghy, Sibirden ózine qarsy shyqqan jazalaushy otryadtaryn sandaltyp, sarsytyp ýmitinen aiyrdy. Dala kóshpendilerin әrbir jenisimen danqqa bóledi, naghyz qolbasshy bola bildi. Oghan jylqy barymtalaumen ataghy shyqqan batyrlar, kedey jalshylar, erkindikti ansaghan ar namysty azamattar top tobymen kelip qosyldy, – dep jazdy.
Áskry tarihshy N.Konshiyn: «...Ol qanday iste bolsa da asa jasampaz adam boldy. Kósembiz dep jýrgen Qúdaymende Ghaziyn, Sybanqúl Hanqojindar qazaq arasyndaghy qysyltayang daushardan jol tauyp shygha almaytyn. Tek qana Kenesary Qasymovtan parasatty, payymdy batyrlyqty tanydyq. Barlyq qazaqtyng birigudegi armandaghan taypa men rudyng arasyndaghy sayasatyn sheshe bilgen» dep jazyp qaldyrdy.
Maiyer: («Qazaq Otany» degen kýndelginen) «Kenesarygha qarsy shyqqan súltan tóreler Orynbor shekarasyna qaray qashty. Joly bolghysh qolbasshynyng jenisine halqy quandy. Orynbordyng shekaralyq bataliony zenbirekting jalghyz oghymen (kartechi) quyp tastadyq dese de qúiynday soqqan Kenesary sarbazdary qayta ainalyp jazalaushy otryadtardy jaypap ótetin. Jekelegen Nauryzbaydyn, Aghybaydyng basqa da batyrlardyng erlikteri toylanyp ang aulap qyzyqqa batatyn. Batyrlaryn qúrmetteui eski batyrlardy eske týsirip, qan jýgirtip jauyngerligin arttyratyn. Qolbasshynyng talanty ashylyp, әskery taktikasy artyp Resey qazaq eline otarlau sayasatyn jýrgizgenmen kýrdeli sayasy ózgerister kirgize almady.
Tarihshy Smirnov: «...Jigerli Kenesaryny jenuge jәne ony ózimiz basyp kirgen dalany ústap túrugha ýlken әskery kýshti, mol shyghyndy qajet etedi...». «Bizding jaghymyzgha shyqqan súltan-tóre jigitterine kelsek, olardy esh qiynshylyqsyz talqandap ketuge qabletteri jetetin edi...» - dep jazghanynan Kenesaryyng 10 jyl boyy bosqa soghyspaghanyn bayqaymyz.
Sayasatker tarihshy N.Sereda (Vestnik Habarlamasy 1870 j.) «...Kenesarynyng ruhyna berilgen jigitterge, Europa әskerlerining kez kelgen qolbasshylary tang qalar edi. Kenesarygha ru-ruymen qosylyp, jan tәnimen berildi. Onyng boyynda eriksiz, ózine tartatyn kýsh baryn dala kóshpendileri sezip, sene bildi...»
Aghybay batyr shól Arqanyng ortasyndaghy Tayatqan, Shúnaq taularynan tómen týsip Kerney, Kәrsondardyng jeri «Shaltas», «Bidayyq» jaylaularynda jaz jaylaytyn. Sauyn biyelerden basqa, soyys maldaryn ghana әkelip el ortasyna kelgendey sezinetin. Tau Arqadan Alshynbay by at izin salsa, Bayseyit bi, Núrlan myrza, Aqshataudan Qara bi, Qyzylaraydan Janghúty by jylda «Shaltasty» jaylaytynyn bilip aptalap jatatyn. Jaqsy qartayghan qarttardyng aitar әngimeleri tausylmay qazaq taghdyryn oilap, orystardyng endep kirgen betalysyn bayqap, Kenesary hannyng 10 jyl bosqa soghyspaghanyn tilge tiyek etetin. Endi «Áy deytin әje, qoy deytin qoja joq» ekenin bilip qalaghan jerine kelip qonyp, qara shekpendi mújyqtaryna deyin mal ósirip, ýy salyp otyryqshylanyp jatqanyn jandary kýizele әngimeleytin.
Kerneyding bas aqyny Juasbaydy jylda jaylaugha shyqqanda arnayy ýy tikkizip qonaq etip qasynan qaldyrmaydy. Aqynnyng batyrgha aitary kóp, batyrdyng aqynnyng qúlaghyna qúyary kóp, kelgen qonaq qyzyqsyz, әngime jyrsyz bolmaydy. Sauatty aqyn Aghybay batyrdyng jaqsy sózderin este saqtaghysy kelgendikten qaghazgha týsirip qoyyp otyratyn. 1885 jyly Sankt-Peterburg Orman sharuashylyghy institutynyng birinshi kurs studenti Álihan Bókeyhanov syrttay esimine qanyqqan Aghybaydy kóru ýshin Juasbay aqyndy basshylyqqa alyp «Shaltas» jaylauyna kelip sәlemdesedi. (Búryndary osy Abai.kz portalynda «Aghybay batyrdyng ýsh jauaby» degen maqala jariyalaghanmyn. Qaytalamayyn.)
Býgin Aaghybay batyrdan Juasbay aqyn jazyp alypty degen tәbәrik sózderdi Juasbaydyng qyzy Kýlәndanyng qaghazdarynan ekshep Kenesarynyng auyzyna salyp otyrmyz
- 1. Jeniske jetu asa auyr, tar jol tayghaq keshu, bir sәtke de jeniske degen ýmitimiz ýzilmesin.
- Jenilsek jenildik dep, qasha soghyssaq, qashtyq dep moyymauymyz kerek. Búl soghys talaby.
- Soghystyng aldyn baghdarlap, artyn boljap maqsatqa jetu sheberlikti, shabuyldy aqyl oimen jasau jigerdi jetildiredi.
- Soghys kezinde iykemdi bolu az, jauyna qatal meyirimsiz bol ólseng sýiging dalada qalmasyn deseng jeniske asyq.
- Jenemiz dep shapsaq jenemiz, jenilemiz desek jelge úshamyz.
- Jaqsy sarbaz jaugha oilanbay shabady, ómir ýshin alysyp, ólimdi jenedi.
- Soghysta ayaq astynan qabyldanghan sheshim jenedi, jattyghudaghy ýirengen әdis ailany tolyq iske asyrugha soghys ghana mýmkindik beredi.
- Basynda oiy bolmaghan dauryqpa adamnyng tili úzyn keledi.
- Býgin jeniske jete almasan, ertengi soghysqa dayyndyq ekenin esinde saqta.
- Moyynday bilgenge jenilisting ózi jenis, ertengi erligimizding alghy sharty.
- Jauyng betindi tyrnasa-úryp jyq. Jauyng saghan qol júmsasa-qolyn syndyr. Jauyng qolyndy syndyrsa-sen basyn shap. Soghystan jaralanbay shyghamyn dep oilama. Ómir barda ólim bar ekenin úmytpa.
- Óz atamekenimiz bolyp tabylatyn jerlerdi (Qaraqogha) maghan syigha tartqany - qazaqty qorlaghany.
- Biz orys әskerindey qatar túryp qyrylmayyq, emen aghashtay iyilip, qayta túryp, jauymyzdy jayratugha asyghayyq.
- Soghys qiynshylyqsyz bolmaydy, ainalyp ótip, ailasyn tauyp shyday biliu kerek. Oilanbay shapsang orgha jyghylasyn.
- Bizding kýshimiz qylyshtyng jýzinde, nayzanyng úshynda, ata babamyzdyng ruhynda.
- Tәuke handay altyn taqta otyrmadym dep armandamaymyn. Bar armanym Abylay hannyng handyq jýiesin qayta ornatu. (ol kezde qazaq úghymynda basqa jýie joq) Sol ýshin altyn erden týspedim osy maghan altyn taq.
- Qazaqtyng últ azattyghy jolynda baryn salyp, basyn tikti - Maghjan
- Kenesary han - konservator. Otarshylyqqa qarsy kýresti. Isatay, Eset, Janqoja batyrlar jeke rulary ýshin, sharualar kóterilisin basqardy - Á. Bókeyhanov.
(Búl ýzindiler Kenesarynyng 200-den astam hattary jeke bir tomdyq kitap bolyp basylyp shyqqan. Patsha imperatoryna, Orynbor general gubernatorlaryna jazghan sol hattarynan terip alyndy.)
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