Qazaqstandyqtardyng 15 payyzy ghana bala kýninde armandaghan mamandyqtary boyynsha júmys jasaydy. Búl turaly «nur.kz» sayty jýrgizgen saualnama nәtiyjesinde belgili boldy. Sonday-aq uniyversiytet tәmamdaghandardyng jartysynan kóbi óz mamandyghy boyynsha qyzmet etpeytini anyqtaldy. Sonyng saldarynan qoghamda diplomdy júmyssyzdardyng sany kýrt ósken. Olar diplomy bola túra nege júmyssyz? Jastyq arman nege oryndalmaydy? Osy súraqtargha jauap izdep, eldegi enbek naryghyndaghy problemalardyng týp-tórkinine kóz jýgirtip kórelik.

Qazaqstandyqtardyng basy­m kópshiligi bala kýninde dәriger boludy armandaghan eken. Olar­dyng ýlesi pikir-terim­ge qa­tys­qandardyng 14 payyzyn qúraydy. Múghalim nemese tәrbiyeshi boludy qazaq­stan­dyqtardyng 10 payyzy armandapty. Jauap bergen­derding 8,5 payyzy bala kýninde sahnada óner kórsetudi, 7,2 payyzy әskery adam boludy qalaghandaryn aitqan. Zanger bolghysy kelgender 5,2 payyz, qolyna qalam alyp, jurnalist atanudy armandaghandar 4,7 payyz eken. Gharyshker (4,2%), úshqysh (4,1%) bolsam degender de barshylyq. Balalyq qiyalymen diyrektor (3.8%), preziydent (3,7%) boludy arman etkender de az emes kórinedi. Búdan keyingi oryndarda polisiya qyzmetkeri, deputat maman­dyqtary jayghasqan. Fut­­bolshy, bankiyr, arheolog, astro­nom, shashtaraz, stuardessa, tiginshi mamandyqtaryna tizimning tó­mengi satylarynan oryn bú­yy­rypty.

Balalyq armannyng oryndalmau sebebinde kóbining pikiri negizgi ýsh mәselede toghysqan. Olardyng 23,5 payyzynyn  eseye kele bala kýngi mamandyqqa qyzyghushylyghy joghalghan, 22,9 payyzynyng bolashaq kәsibin ata-anasy tandap berse, 23,5 pa­yy­zy únaytyn mamandyghyna týse almapty. Qalap týsken maman­dyghy boyynsha júmys taba almaghandar da (7,6%) barshy­lyq kórinedi.

Saualnama nәtiyjesinde anyqtalghanday, joghary bilimi barlardyng jartysynan kóbi, dәlirek aitqanda 60 payyzy óz mamandyghy boyynsha júmys jasamaydy. Sonyng saldarynan diplomdy júmyssyzdar kóbei ýstine kóbeide. Onyng birneshe sebebi bar.

Bilim emes, diplom ýshin oqu

«Elu jylda – el jana», – desek, Qazaqstan tәuelsizdigin alyp, naryqtyq qatynastargha ótkeli shiyrek ghasyrdan endi asyp barady. Demek, qoghamdyq sana tolyqtay janaryp ýlgergen joq. Kenestik kezende saltanat qúrghan «joghary bilim – jarqyn bolashaq kepili» týsinigi әli de ózekti. Sondyqtan ata-analar balasyna oqugha yqylasy joq bolsa da kóshten qalmasyn dep qaytse de diplom alyp beruge tyrysady. Mektepte de múghalimder oqushylargha «oqymasan, kórgen kýning qaran» dep ýnemi qúlaqtaryna qúyady. Nәtiyjesinde kóp jas­tar janyna jaqyn kәsipting tút­qasyn ústaudyng ornyna, ózi qyzyqpaytyn salany oqu aqysy arzan, ortanqol oqu ornynda shala mengerip shyghady. Sabaqqa ansary aumaghandyqtan, oghan den qoymaydy. Qosymsha júmys jasap jýrip, emtihandardy әupirimdep jauyp, qolgha diplom alady. Keybiri diplomdyq júmysty satyp alatyny aitpasa da týsinikti. Endi, ózi qyzyqpasa, sabaghyna qatyspasa, ne dep jazsyn. Osylaysha mamandyghynan maqúrym taghy bir maman júmyssyzdardyng qataryna qosylady. Múndaylar myndap sanalady. Ózderine únaytyn ispen ainalysatyndar әldeqayda baqyttyraq ekendigin ómir әldeqashan dәleldep qoyghan. Qanday júmys bolmasyn, adamgha quanysh syilap, sodan raqat alsa, onda ol adamnyng mamandyq tandauda adaspaghany. Sondyqtan balanyng shama-sharqyn eskermesten sýireleu, qabyldaugha yntasy joq nemese qabiletsiz oy enbegine jegu qate. Odan da sýiikti, qolynan keletin isine baulu, anaghúrlym abzalyraq.

Biliktiliktin tómendigi

Jas mamandy ýiretu, ony oqytu birshama uaqytty qajet etetindikten, kez kelgen júmys berushi bos oryngha dayyn mamandy alghandy jón kóredi. Al teoriya men praktikany úshtastyrghan, shә­kirt­terine enbek naryghynda bәsekege qabiletti bilim beretin oqu oryndary sausaqpen sanarlyqtay. Jauynnan keyingi sanyrauqúlaqtay qaptaghan jekemenshik joghary jәne arnauly orta oqu oryndarynyng basym kópshiligi diplom ýlestirgennen ary asa almauda. Materialdyq-tehnikalyq bazanyng jútan­dyghynan, oqytushylyq qúram­nyng әlsizdiginen bilim sapasy syn kótermeydi. Qyzmetining negizgi mәni kommersiya bolghan­dyqtan, ýlgerimi tómen studentterdi oqudan da shyghara almaydy. Ony studentter jaqsy bilip alghan. Ýshtik baghasyn qoyyp, kurstan-kursqa kóshirip, sonynda qabiletsiz maman dayarlap shygharady. Bir jyldary  shaghyn qalalardyng ózinde uniyversiytet, institut attaryn iyemdengen oqu ordalary kóbeyip ketti. Sonyng saldarynan Qazaqstan JOO-nyng jәne sonda oqityn studentterding sany jóninen әlemde kóshbasshy elderding qataryna jatady. Qazaqstanda 1 mln túrghyngha 10 joghary oqu ornynan keledi eken. Al halyqaralyq tәjiriybede million túrghyngha 1-3 oqu ornynan ainalady.

Elimizde jarty milliongha juyq kolledj studenti bar. Jylyna olardyng 200 myny diplom alsa, onyng 50 myny ghana júmysqa túrady nemese oquyn jalghastyrady. Qalghan 150 myng jas diplomdy júmyssyzdardyng qataryn tolyqtyrady. Sol sebepti de bilim jәne ghylym ministrligining joghary jәne arnauly orta oqu ordalarynyng sanyn qysqartugha kýsh saluy әbden qúptarlyq. Osy maqsatta JOO-lardy bәsekelestiru arqyly ol jerdegi bilim dengeyin kóteru kózdelude. Ol ýshin Qazaqstan jalpy standarttaghy diplomdardan bas tartpaq. Yaghny әr oqu ornynyng ózindik diplomy bolady. Sonda enbek naryghynda qay bilim ordasynyng týlekterine súranys joghary ekendigi anyqtalmaq. Kóshke ilese almaghandary sapa dengeyin jogharylatpasa, ózdiginen qyzmetin toqtatady. Layym solay bolghay.

Biraq búl jýiege kóshpes búryn oilastyrar mәseleler kóp. Aytalyq, qandayda bir JOO-gha artyqshylyq berilmeui kerek. Artyqshylyqtyng ólshemi sapaly bilim boluy tiyis. Halyqaralyq standartqa kóshedi ekenbiz, olay bolsa, uniyversiytetterding reytingin shygharghanda da halyqaralyq jýie qoldanyluy mindetti. Qazirgidey studentterding júmysqa ornalasu reytingin qoldan jaqsartu ýshin diplomdy júmys tapqany turaly anyqtama tapsyrghan týlekterge ghana beru sekildi barmaq basty, kóz qysty әreketterge tosqauyl qoyyluy kerek.

Qajetsiz mamandyqtardyng kóbengi

Uniyversiytetter men kolledj­derding shekten tys kóbengi, ol jerde qoghamgha qajetsiz mamandyqtardyng oqytyluy diplomdy júmyssyzdardyng artuyna әkelip soqtyrdy. Ghalym Kamal Búrhanov deputat bolyp túrghan kezde, Qazaqstanda jylyna 5 myng jas diplomatiyalyq mamandyqtar boyynsha joghary oqu ornyn tәmamdaytynyn, olardyng ary-ketse 10-y ghana Syrtqy ister ministrligine júmysqa túratynyn aityp, alandaushylyghyn bildirgen bolatyn. Osy sekildi mysaldar óte kóp. «Tas laqtyrsan, zanger men ekonomistke tiyedi» degen sóz tirkesin estip jýrgenimizge talay jyldyng jýzi boldy. Búl sanatqa qarjyger, múnayshy mamandyqtaryn da qosugha bolady. Kerisinshe, tehnikalyq mamandyqtardyng súranysy jyl sayyn ótelmey keledi. Ókinishke qaray, týlekterde mamandyq tandauda obektivti aqparat joq. Sondyqtan tandau jasarda atynan at ýrketin, kenestik kezende abyroyly sanalghan mamandyqtargha barady. Tiyisti organdarda qanday mamandyqtar boyynsha bos júmys oryndary bar, qay sala mamangha tapshy, kerisinshe qanday mamandar shamadan tys asyp ketkeni turaly aqparat bar. Osy aqparat mektepterding joghary synyp oqushylaryna tanystyrylsa, týsindirilse bәlkim jyl sayyn bir qatelikti qaytalay bermes pe edik.

Ózin-ózi júmyspen qamtushylar

Diplomdy júmyssyzdardyng deni әleumettik jaghynan jetkilikti qorghalmaghan, kýnkóriske jararlyq, biraq perspektivasy joq kýzet, dayashy, satushy, qúrylysshy, jýk tieushi sekildi júmystardy isteydi, bazardy jaghalaydy, kóligi barlar taksist bolady. Onday azamattar ózin-ózi júmyspen qamtushylar sanatyna jatqyzylady. Olar­dyng júmystan aiyryluy onay, janasyna túruy qiyn. Sondyqtan bastyghynyng qas-qabaghy men kónil-kýiin andugha mәjbýr. Sondaghy alatyn jalaqylary tym mardymsyz. Zeynetaqy qoryna qarjy qúy, demalysta, auyryp qalghanda tólenetin aqsha turaly auyz ashudyng ózi artyq. Ózin-ózi júmyspen qamtushylardyng sayasy belsendiligi de tómen bolady. Olar saylaugha barmaydy, memleketting qoghamdyq-sayasy ómirine aralaspaydy. Jastyq ambisiya, arman-qiyal jýzege aspaghandyqtan olardyng basym kópshiligi ómirge narazy keledi. Ony angharu ýshin taksiyge otyru nemese bazardaghy halyqtyng әngimesin tyndau jetkilikti. Onday topty tobyrlyq sana biyleydi. Al tobyrdy arandatu, biylikke qarsy qoiy onay. Bayqaghanymyzday әleumettik sipattaghy mәselening sayasilanuy qiyn emes.

Ómirde biyik jetistikke jetken adamdargha qarap, jetistikting kilti joghary oqu ornyn qúry tәmamdauda emes, shynayy bilimde, jeke izdeniste, ózindi jetildiru men professionalizmde ekendigine kóz jetkizesin. Bilim, qabilet  – sarqylmas potensial. Sony dúrys paydalana bilip, ózin qamshylap, maqsatqa talpynghandar ýshin mýmkin emes eshnәrsening joq ekenin úghynasyn. Olay bolsa, elden qalmayyq dep diplom alugha «әsempaz» bolmay,  jasampaz bolugha talaptanalyq.

 Melis SEYDAHMETOV

Abai.kz