Últtyq mәdeniyetimiz ben әdebiyetimizdi, ruhany ómirimizdi tas qamauda, shynjyr qorshauda qadaghalap ústap kelgen kommunistik sayasattyng qandy torynyng ýzilui elimizge tyng serpilis әkeldi. Ótken tarihymyzgha, әdebiyetimiz ben mәdeniyetimizding oiy men qyryna, damu tarihyna últtyq kózqaraspen jiti kóz tigip, әdebiyetimizdegi orny oisyrap túrghan túlghalardy týgendey bastadyq. Keshegi kenestik imperiyanyng dәuirindegi iydeologiyanyng yqpalynan tolyqqandy týrde aitylmay kelgen tól әdebiyetimizding qatparlaryna últtyq kózqaraspen janasha payymdaular jasaugha mýmkindik tudy.

1951 jylghy Abay múrasyn talqylaugha arnalghan ghylymy aitystan keyin burjuaziyalyq - obektivtik konsepsiya delinip, endi ghana qanatyn keng jayyp kele jatqan kezde toqyraugha týsken Abaydyng әdebiyet mektebi qanshama jyldardan keyin qayta shanyraghyn kóterude. Úly Abaydyng aqyndyq mektebining talantty shәkirtteri de ózderining әdil baghalaryn alyp, halyqpen qayta tabysty.

Últtyq mәdeniyetimiz ben әdebiyetimizdi, ruhany ómirimizdi tas qamauda, shynjyr qorshauda qadaghalap ústap kelgen kommunistik sayasattyng qandy torynyng ýzilui elimizge tyng serpilis әkeldi. Ótken tarihymyzgha, әdebiyetimiz ben mәdeniyetimizding oiy men qyryna, damu tarihyna últtyq kózqaraspen jiti kóz tigip, әdebiyetimizdegi orny oisyrap túrghan túlghalardy týgendey bastadyq. Keshegi kenestik imperiyanyng dәuirindegi iydeologiyanyng yqpalynan tolyqqandy týrde aitylmay kelgen tól әdebiyetimizding qatparlaryna últtyq kózqaraspen janasha payymdaular jasaugha mýmkindik tudy.

1951 jylghy Abay múrasyn talqylaugha arnalghan ghylymy aitystan keyin burjuaziyalyq - obektivtik konsepsiya delinip, endi ghana qanatyn keng jayyp kele jatqan kezde toqyraugha týsken Abaydyng әdebiyet mektebi qanshama jyldardan keyin qayta shanyraghyn kóterude. Úly Abaydyng aqyndyq mektebining talantty shәkirtteri de ózderining әdil baghalaryn alyp, halyqpen qayta tabysty.

Abaydyng aqyndyq tәrbiyesin kórgen shәkirtterding ishinde úly aqynnyng qasynda shiyrek ghasyrday jýrip, ini-dosy bolghan Kókbaydyng alar túghyry óte joghary. HIH ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysy men HH ghasyrdyng basynda, tónkeristerge toly zamanda ómir keshken, úly Abayday qazaq poeziyasynyng asqar shynynyng aqyndyq tәlimin alghan, artyna mol әdeby múralar qaldyrghan, el ortasynan medrese, meshit ashyp, ústazdyq qylyp, molda atanghan, qajy Kókbay Janatayúlynyng әdebiyet tarihyndaghy alar túghyry biyik bolghanymen, kýni býginge deyin shygharmalar jinaghy jaryq kórgen joq edi. Sonyng sәti býgin týskendey. Búl kýndi ansap ótken jandar qanshama. Solardyng ishinen Kókbay shygharmalaryn tirnektey jinaghan Seyitqaly Qaramendindi airyqsha atap ótkimiz keledi. Osy jinaqty alghash qúrastyrushylardyng biri de - S.Qaramendiyn. Onyng bolashaq Kókbay múralaryn jinap, zertteushilerge aityp ketken Amanaty býgin oryndaldy dep bilemiz.

Óz halqymyzdyng handary turaly aitu últshyldyq, "ózimdiki" dep tanyghan "ózgenin" han-patshasyn marapattau úly dostyq bolyp tabylghan, soghan layyqty standartty kommunistik iydeologiya kezinde Abylay han, Kenesary men Nauryzbay erlikterine ystyq yqylasyn bildire otyryp jyrgha qosqan Kókbay Janatayúlynyng epikalyq shygharmalary jaryq kóru, zerttelu týgil, tar qapasqa qamaldy. Aqynnyng jeke ómiri de sayasy kinәlaulardan qúr qalghan joq. Sol zamanda Kókbaydyng diny baghyttaghy ólenderi aqyn múrasynyng zertteluine kedergi boldy desek te, Lenin jóninde jazghan óleni aqyngha esh kómegin tiygize almady. Aqynnyng bay әdeby múrasy: ólenderi men aitystary, dastan-jyrlary qanshama uaqyt boyy zerttelusiz qala berdi. Kókbaydyng bay múrasynyng óz aldyna jeke jinaq bolyp jaryqqa shyqpauynyng ózi, aqyn múrasynyng zerttelu, jariyalanuynyn, halyqqa keng taramauynyng mólsherin tanytady.

Kókbay Janatayúlynyng qoljazbalary qazirgi tangha tolyq jetken joq. Aqyn shygharmalary shәkirtterinin, aghayyndarynyn, jekelegen jinaushylardyng orasan zor enbegining nәtiyjesinde saqtaldy. Kókbay aqyn turaly alghashqy tam-túmdaghan pikirler 1933 jyldan bastap kórine bastady. K.Janatayúlynyng Abay tәlimin alghan talantty shәkirti ekendigine, úly aqynnyng dәstýrin jalghastyrushy bolghandyghyna túnghysh ghylymy túrghyda anyqtama bergen M.O.Áuezov edi. M.Áuezov 1934 jylghy "Abay aqyndyghynyng ainalasy" maqalasynda Abaydyng tórt aqyn shәkirtining biri dep Kókbaydy ataydy.

Múhtar Áuezovting 1933 jyldan bastap Kókbaygha janashyrlyqpen qarauy, aqyn múrasyn zerttep, jaqsy bagha berui basqa әdebiyetshilerge ýlken әserin, yqpalyn tiygizedi. Otyzynshy jyldardyng ayaghy men qyrqynshy jyldardyng basynan bastap Kókbaydyng ólenderi men poemalary jinala bastaydy. Erteli - kesh el auzynan jinalghan aqyn shygharmalarynyng qoljazba núsqalary Qazaqstan Respublikasy Ghylym akademiyasynyng Ortalyq Ghylymy kitaphana qorynda jәne Ádebiyet jәne óner institutynyng qoljazba bóliminde saqtauly. Kókbay shygharmalaryn osy kezden bastap jinaushylar dep Sadyq Qasimanov, Ermúhambet Jeksembaev, Esentay Berdiyn, Kenjebaev Qasen, Kýsembek Bayghúttyúly, Abdulghafar Shayh әl-Razy siyaqty adamdardy ataymyz.

M.O.Áuezovting K.Janatayúlynyng ómiri men әdeby múrasyna arnalghan Abay monografiyasynyng jeke bólimi "Kókbaydyng aqyndyghy" atty maqalasy alghash ret 1988 jyly shyqqan "Abaytanudan jariyalanbaghan materialdar" kitabynda jaryq kórdi. "Kókbaydyng aqyndyghy" dep atalatyn búl qoljazba K.Janatayúlynyng ghúmyrnamasy men әdeby múrasyna qysqasha ghana tújyrymdama jasaghan maqala bolghanymen, Kókbay aqyn turasynda jazylghan eng alghashqy tolyq enbek. Eluinshi jyldardaghy Kókbaytanudaghy qomaqty enbek dep Q.Múhamedhanúlynyng "Abaydyng әdebiyet mektebi" atty kandidattyq dissertasiyasyn ataymyz. Ghalym Kókbaydy Abaydyng aqyndyq dәstýrin jalghastyrushylar, damytushylar, artyna әdeby múra qaldyrghan aqyn shәkirtter qatarynda qarastyrady.

Qazaq әdebiyetinde Qayym Múhamedhanúlynyng "Abaydyng әdebiyet mektebi" atty kandidattyq dissertasiyasynyng qorghaluymen qatar, osy taqyrypta aitys órship ketedi. 1951 jyldyng mausymnyng on besinen bastap QazSSR Ghylym akademiyasynyng Til jәne әdebiyet instituty men Qazaqstan Jazushylar Odaghy birlesip ótkizgen "Abaydyng әdeby múrasy" mәselesin talqylaugha arnalghan ghylymy aitys deytin ýsh kýnge sozylghan ýlken jinalys boldy. Onyng qorytyndysy bylay bolyp shyghady: "Abay múrasyn zertteu" jónindegi jaqynda ótkizilgen aitysta "Abaydyng aqyndyq mektebi" degen konsepsiyanyng ghylymgha qarsy ekendigi jәne sayasy ziyandylyghy әshkerelendi. Aytystyng materialdaryn zerttep jәne qoryta kelip, QazSSR Ghylym Akademiyasynyng Prezidiumy bylay dep tabady: "Abay mektebi" deytin konsepsiya tarihy shyndyqqa eshbir qatysy joq jәne burjuaziyalyq-obektivtik jalghan konsepsiya bolyp aiyptalady. Sonymen Kókbay siyaqty Abay dәstýrin jalghastyrushy aqyn shygharmalarynyng auzyna qara qúlyp qoyyldy.

Sol bir qughyndau, qudalau zamanynda "sayasy beti teris, kertartpa aqyn" atansa da Kókbay el esinde jaqsy saqtalghan. Sekseninshi jyldardyng basynan bastau alatyn Kókbay jóninde janasha oilaudyng mayda qonyr, samal jeli esken kezde, búl jaylylyqqa aqyndy sýier qauym birden yqylastaryn tanytyp jatty. Kókbay múrasymen oqushylar qauymy alghash "HIH ghasyrdaghy qazaq poeziyasy", "Bes ghasyr jyrlaydy" siyaqty jinaqtar arqyly tanysa bastady.

K.Janatayúlynyng ómiri men shygharmashylyghyn zertteude ghalym Bolatjan Abylqasymovtyng alar orny erekshe. Kókbay ghúmyrnamasy men әdeby múrasyn jana kózqaraspen tynghylyqty týrde qarap shyqqan ghalymnyng "Kókbay Janatayúly" atty maqalasy 1988 jyly jaryq kórdi. 1990 jyldardyng ishindegi Abaytanudaghy, Kókbaytanuda eng ýlken jenis - Q.Múhamedhanovtyng 1951 jyldary qughyndaugha úshyraghan, endi kitap bolyp shyqqaly túrghanda qatty syngha alynyp, jaryq kórmey qalghan enbegining qayta jaryq kórui. Aragha 43 jyl salyp qayta oralghan Abaytanudyng bilgir mamany Q.Múhamedhanúlynyng "Abaydyng aqyn shәkirtteri" atty ghylymy enbegi Kókbay múrasyn taghy bir beleske kóterdi. 1999 jyly osy joldardyng avtory "Kókbay Janatayúlynyng әdeby múrasy" degen taqyrypta kandidattyq dissertasiya qorghady. Dissertasiya Kókbay múrasyn alghash monografiyalyq dәrejede qarastyryp shyqty.

Ótkir tildi, úshqyr oily, improvizator aqyn K.Janatayúly 1861 jyly 26 mausymda Shynghystaudyng eteginde, Taqyr ózenining boyynda, qazirgi Abay audanynyng Kókbay aulynda dýniyege kelgen. Kókbay Tobyqty ishinde Kókshe ruynan. Aqyn ózi turaly:

Tobyqty arghy tegim,zatym-Kókshe,

Jasym kishi bolsa da, sózim kekse.

Janatay - әkem aty, atym - Kókbay

Sengirdey tasqa shyqqan ep-erekshe,- deydi.

Kókbay alghashqy sauatyn auylda Tóletay degen moldadan ashady. Balasynyng tek ólen-jyrgha ghana emes, ónerge, oqugha beyim ekendigin, zerektigin, úghymtaldyghyn bayqaghan әkesi ony Semey qalasyna jiberedi. Kókbay qalagha kelip, meshit janyndaghy medresede Qamaly Qaziretten músylmansha dәris alady. K.Janatayúly músylmansha oqumen toqtalmay 1878 jyly ýsh synyptyq uezdik uchiliyshege týsip oqidy. Oryssha oqugha degen qúshtarlyghy zor, әri zeyindi Kókbay uchiliyshege týskennen keyin ózining zerektigin bayqatady. Orys tili, arifmetika, geografiya, geometriya, syzu jәne tatar tili siyaqty sabaqtardan jaqsy degen baghalar alghan. Auyldan, qyrdan kelip orys mektebinde oqu jylynyng birinshi jartysynyng ózinde sabaqqa ýlgerui, tipti jaqsy baghalar aluy ýlken jetistik edi. Sóitip, Semeyding uezdik uchiliyshesinde, Qamaly medresesinde oqyghan Kókbay elge kelgen song ýnemi Abay janynda bolady.

Kókbay 1901 jyly Múqyr bolysyna molda bolyp saylanady. "Semey oblysy. Búiryq N81.1901.10 sentyabri. Semey uezi Múqyr bolysyna Kókbay Janatayúlynyng molda saylanuy turaly búiryq". Sonymen, Kókbay ústazy Abaydyng aqyl-kenesimen, rúqsatymen 40 jasynan bastap Taqyr ózenining boyyndaghy qorasynyng qasynan medrese salyp, bala oqytugha kirisedi. Kókbay Janatayúly el ortasynda medrese ashyp, aghartushylyq ispen ainalysuymen qatar, músylmangha ýlken sauap bolatyn qúdaydyng ýii-meshit saldyrady. Meshit 1908 jyly Abay qaytys bolghanyna tórt jyl bolghan kezde tolyq salynyp bitedi.

Kókbay aqyn 1913 jyly Mekke, Mәdiynege baryp ózining músylmandyq paryzyn ótep qaytady. K.Janatayúly Taqyrdaghy medresesinde әri ústaz bola jýrip, sol kezde qúrylyp jatqan uezdik zemstvonyng mýshesi bolghan. 1920 jyldardan auyryp-syrqay bastaghan Kókbay zamana talaby sol bolghandyqtan, kenes ókimetining sayasatymen ózge jolmen oqytatyn oqu әdisine, jýiesine qarsylyghyn bildirmey, ózining qanshama jyl ústazdyq etken, manday teri, adal enbegimen salynghan medresesin janasha dәris beretin múghalimderge bosatyp beredi. Kókbay medresesi 1901 jyldan 1921 jylgha deyin eskishe júmys istegen. 1921 jyly ony jana oqu jýiesimen oqytatyn múghalimge bosatyp beredi. Onda 1928 jylgha deyin mektep bolady.

K.Janatayúlynyng densaulyghy jiyrmasynshy jyldardyng basynan bastap búzyla bastaydy. Kókbay dertining bet alysynan sekem alyp, qorqyp, jaqsy dәrigerlerge qaralghandy jón kóredi. Sondyqtan da ol 1922 jyly Omby qalasyna, 1923 jyly Mәskeuge baryp emdelip qaytady. Leningradta bolady.Alayda K.Janatayúly mendep alghan auruynan onala qoymaydy. Sonda da ol aurugha moyymay, emdeludi, myqty mamandargha baryp qarala berudi jón kóredi. Aqyrynda K.Janatayúly el-júrtymen qoshtasyp, baqúldasyp, 1925 jyldyng qazan aiynyng basynda Mәskeuge barmaq bolyp jolgha shyghady. Biraq búl aqynnyng songhy sapary boldy. 1925 jyly Kýshikbay kezeninde aqyn dýniyeden qaytady.

Kókbay-Abay mektebining adal úly. Óitkeni ol-Abaydyng úlaghatty prinsiypin myqty ústanghan aqiqatshyl, shynshyl túlgha. Ol qúday bergen tabighy darynynyn, jaratylys bolmys bitimining arqasynda Abay salghan danghyl joldan taymaghan aqyn. K.Janatayúlynyng aqyndyq talantynyng úshtaluyna, dýniyetanymdyq kózqarasynyng kenenine Abaydyn, Abay mektebining zor yqpaly bolghany belgili. M.Áuezovting ózi Kókbaydyng aqyndyghy turaly sóz qozghaghanda: "Ol kezde Abay ainalasyndaghy bar aqynnyng ishinde suyryp salma, improvizasiyagha eng jýirik aqyn Kókbay bolghany dausyz. Sol talantyn baghalap, Abay búny ózi jazyp jýrgen alghashqy ólenderine ie ghyp shygharady", - dep, Kókbaydyng jay aqyndardyng biri emes, talantty aqyn ekendigine nazar audartady.

Kókbay, birinshiden, improvizator aqyn. Aqynnyng "Ospangha" , "Músajangha", "Moldabaygha", "Tórebaygha", "Saranbaygha", "Zaghipagha" siyaqty ólenderining kópshiligi taban astynda dýniyege kelgen. Al, olardyng kópshiligi birqaqpaylar bolyp keledi. Olar taban astynda shygharylghan bir, ne bolmasa eki shumaq kólemindegi ólender toby. Birqaqpaylar kóbinese adam minez-qúlqyndaghy, ne kereghar isindegi kemshilikterdi әjualaugha, yaky bolmasa әzil-ospaqpen kelemejdeuge arnalghan. Kókbay ózi únatqan adamy bolsa pir tútyp, asqaqtata, maqtauyn asyra jyrlaghan.

Abaydyng óz tәrbiyesinde bolghan jәne onyng aqyly men syny boyynsha taqyryptar tandap, kólemdi shygharmalar jazghan "anyq shәkirt aqyndar" ishinde úly ústazynyng ólenderine aty kirgen de jalghyz aqyn Kókbay bolatyn. "Al, keyin Kókbay shygharghan ólenderdi alsaq, búl jaghynan da Abaydy ýnemi ózine ústaz, agha tútqan Kókbay baryn aiqyn tanyp otyramyz" ,- dep M.Áuezov aitqanday, Kókbay ólenderinen Abay beynesin ýnemi kezdestirip otyramyz. "Semeyge Abay kelse, bizge duman", "Abaydan sabaq aldym bala jastan" dep bastalatyn ólenderimen qatar, kóptegen shygharmalarynda Abay úlylyghyn jyr etuden taymaghan.

Abaydan sabaq aldym bala jastan,

Teng bar ma oigha tereng onan asqan.

Aldy beyish, artyna yrys bolsyn,

Men onyng shәkirti edim izin basqan,

-dep, Abaydyng aqyl-oy túnghiyghyna eshkimning teng kele almaytyn úlylyq túlghasyn terendik, sheksizdik úghymdary arqyly týsindirip, ózining Abaydan sabaq alghan shәkirti ekendigin maqtanyshpen jyrlasa, endi bir óleninde Abaymen birge jýrip, aqyl - kenesine, ósiyetine lәzzattanyp, sol arqyly bilim jolyna týskendigin aitady:

Abaymen birneshe jyl aralastym,

Sheshimin әr júmbaqtyng aqyldastym.

Múra etip ósiyetin, lәzzattanyp

Jolyna bilim,óner qalyptastym,- deydi.

Qanshama jyl Abay qasynda bolyp, ústazynyng aqylyn boyyna darytqanymen Kókbay ózining Abaydan alghan tәlim-tәrbiyesin, dýniyetanymdyq kózqarasyn ózine az sanaydy. Abayday ghúlamanyng aitqan aqyl-kenesin, oi-tanymdyq órisin az úghyp, kóp mengermedim, bardyng qadirin bilmedim dep ókinish tútady. Ústazynyng dýniyeden ótkenin estigen talantty shәkirti:

Jannatta janyng bolghyr Abay qútyp,

Janynda bos jýrippin shatyp-bútyp.

Osynday en dariyany jaylaghanda,

Tym bolmasa qalmappyn qana jútyp,-dep óleng shygharady.

Kókbay ólenderining negizgi keyipkerleri - zamandastary, tuys-jaqyndary men auyldastary, bir sózben aitsaq óz ortasy. Olardyng deni arnaular. Kókbay arnaulary mazmún jaghynan alghanda maqtau jәne synau týrinde tughan. Maqtap shygharghan ólenderine jogharyda keltirgen Abaygha, Ospan men Moldabaygha, Bazaralygha, Á.Bókeyhanúlyna, Leninge arnalghan arnaularyn jatqyzugha bolady.

Al, kóptegen ólenderinde elge ziyany tiymeytin, әrkimning óz minezining ereksheligi bolyp kórinetin odaghaylyqty jenildeu әzil-qaljynmen mysqyldap mysal etedi. Kókbay shygharmalaryna zer salsaq, týrli adamdar minezin-qúlqyn kórsetuge óte sheber ekenin, oiyn shyndyqqa, parasatqa sýienip aitqandyghyn bayqaymyz. Aqyn óz zamanyndaghy әdiletsizdikterdi,ósimqor, meyirimsiz baylardy ashy syngha alady. Birde ol elge sarandyghymen әigili bolghan Aldyrahmetti ("Sarang baygha"), biylik ýshin yryldasqan shen qúmarlyqty ("Kýlembay men Dýtbaygha" ), ýy ishine qaramay tang atqannan el kezip jýretin qydyrympazdyqty, enbeksiz at minip, as ishkish, pәleqúmar, ashqaraq, qomaghay, meshkeylikti ("Toghyz kók"), sauda ýshin ar-imanyn satyp kýn kóretin alypsatarlyqty ("Úsaq baylargha" ) synasa, endi birde ósek dese ishken asyn jerge qoyatyn, kesel izdep jýretin úrynshaqtyqty ("Músajangha"), oqu men óner-bilimde júmysy joq, sergeldeng serilikti ("Saldargha") tilge tiyek etedi. Osy ólenderding barlyghynda da Kókbay auzynan shyqqan sózding qay-qaysysy da nysanagha dәl tiyetin shyndyghymen, tiygen jerin osyp týsetin ótkirligimen әserli estiledi. Kókbay ózining manayynda, qasynda jýrgen auyldastarynyng boyyndaghy ózge adamdar bayqay bermeytin, suretker kózimen ózi ghana kóre alghan oqshau minez úshqyndarynan jandy beyneler jasaydy. Kókbay ólenderin oqy otyryp onyng ru basy juandardy, el úitqysyn búzar keybir bolys-biylerdi, tili men jaghyna sýiengen teris pighyldy aramzalardy dәl ústazynsha ótkir tilmen әigilep, әshkerelep qayyra ólenge qosqandyghyn bayqaymyz. "Músajangha", "Dýtbaygha", "Aghybaygha" siyaqty ólenderinen Abaydan kóp mazmún, iydeyalyq ýlgi alghan jәne olardy ózine múrat tútqan talantty aqyn ekendigi kórinedi. Kókbay aqyn kótergen mәseleler san aluan. Olar-elding bereke-birligi, zaman, eldi, jerdi qorghau, halyqqa qyzmet etetin erlerdi dәripteu, adam minez-qúlqyndaghy jaramsyz qasiyet, daghdyny synau. Sonday ýlken taqyryptyng biri-elding ózara birligi. El arasyndaghy bereke-birlikti,tatulyqty kózdegen Kókbay aqyn ony eng aldymen óz tuystarynan, rulastarynan, auyldastarynan bastap jolgha qongdy kózdeydi. El ishinde bolatyn alauyzdyqty, kóre almaushylyq qasiyetti, qyzghanshaqtyqty joiydy kóksegen aqyn, eng aldymen, óz rulastaryn yntymaqqa shaqyrady: Bayghús-au, Músabaymen túrqyng birdey, Olar júldyz bolghanda, biz ýrkerdey. Aspanda alty júldyz bas qosyp túr Jýrsenshi bireuindi biring ilmey.

Aynalasyndaghy tolyp jatqan úrlyq-qarlyq, qulyq-súmdyq, alayaqtyq pen aiuandylyq aqyndy tolghandyrmay qoymaydy. Ádil, tura biylikting qúny ketip, shyndyq pen adaldyqtyng ayaq asty boluy, juannyng momyngha istegen zorlyghy,óktemdigi aqyn ólenderinde keng kórinis tapqan. "Jaqsylyqqa", "Arbaly Sarytau", "Hafiz Qabylbekovqa" degen ólenderi osy baghytta tuyndaghan. K.Janatayúlynyng "Úmsyndyqqa" degen óleni әiel bostandyghy, qalyng mal mәselesine, "Jaz bolsa jalqau qazaq jatushy edin" dep bastalatyn óleni enbek taqyrybyna arnalghan.

Kókbay tek óz auyldastarynyn, zamandastarynyn, halqynyng ómirindegi kezdesetin kelensizdikterdi qúr synaushy ghana emes, olardy búnday qasiyetterden, әdetterden arylugha, adamgershilikke, parasattylyqqa shaqyrushy. Aqyn adamgershilik qasiyetterdi әri uaghyzdaushy, әri ony baghyt retinde kórsete bilushi. Yaghni, aqynnyng basty maqsaty-keregharlyqty týzetu, kemshilikti jong. Kókbay ólenderining týp-tórkininde, negizinde osy maqsat jatyr. Búl aqynnyng Abaydan ýirengen izgi qasiyeti.

Kókbay qaghystary kólemi jaghynan shaghyn bolyp kelgenimen, mazmún, maghyna jaghynan kóptegen aitystardan kemshin týspeydi. Kókbay sózderi aitqan jerin oiyp týser ótkirligimen, әzil-qaljyndy ornymen kelistirer tapqyrlyghymen erekshelenedi. Kókbaydyng eng alghashqy ólenmen qaghysuy, sóz jarystyruy, aitysuy Semeydegi uchiliyshede oqyp jýrgen kezinde bolady. Aqynnyng Árip, Biraly, Sarjan, Jýnishan, Kempirbay jәne Mirjaqyppen qaghystary saqtalghan. Olardyng kóbi taban astynda suyrylyp salyp aitylghan tuyndylar bolsa, keybireuleri eki aqynnyng bir-birimen hat arqyly jazysyp aitysqandary.

Kókbay Janatayúlynyng qaghysulary degende eng aldymen auzymyzgha jastayynan Sybannyng jas perisi atanghan aqyn Árip Tәnirbergenov týsedi. Eki aqynnyng shygharmashylyq joldary bir bastaudan nәr alyp, qayta toghysyp ketip otyratyn arnalar siyaqty әrdayym baylanysqa toly. Tuystyq jaghynan naghashyly-jiyendi bolyp keletin eki aqyn bala kezderinen bastap aralasyp, óner jolyna birge qanat qaghady. Ghúmyr boyy әzil-qaljynmen bir-birin zilsiz synap ótken aqyndardyng ómiri keyingi buyngha, úrpaqqa ýlgi-ónege. Kókbay men Áripting eng alghashqy aitysy jas kezinde bolsa, eng songhy aitysy jiyenining qatty nauqastanyp, ólim auzynda, auyryp jatqanda bolady. Osy uaqyt aralyghynda eki aqyn bir-birine qaljyng aitudan bir tanbay, tatu-tәtti qúrdastay әzildesip ótken. Áripting jasy Kókbaydan ýsh-tórt jyl ýlken bolghanymen, teng qúrbyday qaljyndasyp, syilastyqtaryn joghary oryngha qoyghan.

Kókbaydyng aitys-qaghystarynda aqyn auzynan marjanday tizilip shyghyp jatqan әrbir týiindi oy әdildigimen, qisyndylyghymen, kórkemdigimen erekshelenedi. Áleumettik taqyrypqa, yaky әzil-qaljyngha qúrylghan aitystarynyng qaysysynda da bolmasyn, Kókbay qashan da shyndyqty betke ústar parasatty jauaptyn, әdil әzil-qaljynnyng bel ortasynda. Aqyn az sózben alghyr oy aitugha sheber ekendigin kóptegen qaghysularynda kórsete alghan. Aqyn qaghysulary aitys tórinen oryn alary sózsiz.

K.Janatayúly shygharmashylyghynyng kólemdi bir salasy - qissa-dastandary, poemalary. Kókbay - úzaq oqighaly ýlken shygharmalar jazghan epik aqyn. Onyng epikalyq tuyndylarynan Abaydyng aqyndyq dәstýrining jalghastyghy, Abay yqpaly aiqyn angharylady. Abay әngimeli, oqighaly jyr-dastandargha óristep barmaghan. Esesine talantty shәkirtteri tudyrghan jyr-dastandar qazaq poeziyasyndaghy jana ýlgidegi poemalar shoghyry boldy. K.Janatayúlynyng qalamynan "Sabalaq" , "Qandyjap", "Qúlyndy dalasy" atty jyr - dastandar, "Ghadil patsha", "harun Rashiyd" qissalary siyaqty epikalyq sipattaghy shygharmalar tudy. Aqyn kólemdi shygharmalary arqyly qazaqtyng ótken tarihyna qalam terbeydi. Esimderi tek qana qúrmetpen atalugha tiyis qazaqtyng erlerin jyrgha qosady. Al, qissalarynda qyzyqty oqighalar arqyly oqyrmandaryn ertegi әlemge jetelep, oqigha ishine engize otyryp, adamgershilik, imandylyqty qúlaqtaryna qúyady. Ótken tarihty da bildiru, últyn sýige shaqyryp, din joldaryn, adamshylyq qasiyetterdi uaghyzdau - aqynnyng basty maqsaty.

Onyng kólemdi tuyndylarynyng ishindegi kórnektisi vЂ""Sabalaq" . Jyr qazaq halqynyng el bolyp biriguine, halyq bolyp qayrattanuyna eleuli jәne basty ýles qosqan, qazaq tarihyndaghy iri túlgha Abylay hannyng erlik isterine arnalghan.Basty qaharman da- han Abylay atanghan jetim bala Ábilmansúr. Jyrdyng basynda onyng jetim qalyp, Tóle by aulyna kelgen kezdegi "Sabalaq" beynesin aqyn tómendegidey sheberlikpen suretteydi:

Bir bala ýsti-basy dalba-dúlba,

Kýrsinip dem alady anda-sanda.

Jyltyr kóz tikireygen, súrghylt sary

Jaratqan erekshe ghyp alla taghala.

Qoy jýni, jyrtyq kýpi, senseng tymaq,

Kózine shashy týsip ketken tym - aq.

Súnqardyng otyrysy balasynday

Nәsili Tóle biyge ketti únap.

Bolashaqta el biyler Abylaydyng syrtqy keskin - kelbeti de, qarapayym beynesi de, tektik qasiyeti de osynda syidyrylghan. Halyq arasynda keng taraghan Sabalaq minezderin Kókbay óz jyrynda sheber paydalanady. Aqyn balanyng ayaq- qolyn tórt jaqqa soza jatuy men Tóle by qaldyrghan maldyng basyn jalghyz jemey ýlestirui siyaqty detalidar arqyly bolashaqta el biyleytin adamnyng belgilerin kórsetedi. Kókbay kólemdi jyrlarynda ózi jyrlap otyrghan kezenning shynayy shyndyghyn kórsetuge tyrysady. Ol osy shygharmasyna halyq arasynda anyzgha ainalghan elementterdi engize otyryp, ózining iydeyasyn, aqyndyq nysanasyn alyp shyghu barysynda tarihy dәldikti, naqty derekterdi kórkemdik detali retinde paydalanyp, shynayy oqighalar jýiesinen auytqymay ony tarihy jyr dәrejesine jetkizgen. Kókbaydyng Abylay erlikterine arnalghan osy shygharmasy sujettik, kompozisiyalyq qúrylysy jaghynan asa kýrdeli bolmasa da, Abylaydyng el biyligine jetkenge deyingi ómir tarihyn jan - jaqty somdap bere alghan. Aqynnyng Abaydan estigen әngimesi de Abylay ómirining jas shaghy edi.

Kenesary men Nauryzbay, olardyng tóniregindegi batyr tuystary jóninde jazylghan shygharmasy- "Tórt tóre" atty tarihy dastan. "Sabalaq" jyrynyng zandy jalghasy bolyp tabylatyn búl shygharma Abylaydyng bir top úrpaqtaryna arnalghan. "Bektash núsqasynda Abylay turaly әngimening jalghasy týrinde berilgen, al basqa bir qoljazbalarda derbes jyr retinde úsynylghan "Er Nauryzbaydan" Kenesary qozghalysy turaly, ol qozghalystyng sebep-saldary, tirek-kýshi, baghyt-baghdary, maqsat-múraty turaly eshqanday derek ala almaymyn", - dep M.Maghauin aitqanday, Kókbay jyrynda Kenesary bastaghan kóterilis keninen surettelmeydi. Jyrdyng negizgi baghyty qazaq jerinin, halqynyng bostandyghy, erkindigi ýshin janyn salyp jýrgen erlerding kýresin, qysylghan shaqtaghy amalsyz әreketterin kórsetu bolghan. Aqynnyng elding erkindigine osy múnaradan qaraghandyghyn oqighalar jýiesinen angharu qiyn emes. Birinen keyin biri tuyndap otyratyn oqighalardyng әleumettik astaryna aqyn asa mәn bergen. Sony negizgi nysana etip alghan. Qazaq jerine jan-jaghynan kóz alartyp qyzygha qaraghan, basyp aludy oilaghan ýlken derjavalar, shúrayly jerlerin tartyp alyp, bekinister sala bastaghan otarshyldar, bir músylmanbyz, qiyanat jasamas degende aldap soqqan sart, týrikpender әreketterinin, oilarynyng týpki tamyryna aqyn tereng ýnilgen. K.Janatayúly Abylay, Kenesary, Nauryzbaylardy qorshaghan әleumettik orta, sol kezdegi qoghamdyq-sayasy jaghday, solardyng zamanynyng shyndyghyn sherte otyryp, tarihy taqyryptyng býgingilik mәnin, aktualdyq manyzyn basty nazargha ústaghan. Kókbay Janatayúlynyng Abylay han, onyng qaysar úrpaghy haqynda jazghan " Sabalaq" jyrynyng zandy jalghasy - " Nauryzbay-Fatima" dastany.

" Nauryzbay-Fatima" - ghashyqtyq dastan. Sondyqtan da onda mahabbat, erlik, el arasyndaghy tatulyq basty oryn alghan. Fatimanyng Nauangha degen sýiispenshiligi de osy iydeyagha baghynghan. Jeke jyr retinde tanugha bolatyn " Nauryzbay - Fatima" ghashyqtyq dastany " Sabalaq" jyrynyng kórnekti de, kólemdi bóligi. K.Janatayúly osy jyrdy:

Sabalaq degen atpen ózin jyrlap,

Áuletin óleng qyldym Abylaydyn.

Shәkirti-Abay aqyn, atym- Kókbay

Erkesi em Tobyqtyda Janataydyn,- dep ayaqtaydy.

K.Janatayúlynyng "Sabalaq" jyrynan ózge de kólemdi auyz toltyryp aitarlyqtay múralary bar ekendigin jogharyda keltirdik. Olardyng biri vЂ" "Qúlyndy dalasy" atty dastan. Biraq búl poema qazirgi tangha deyin tabylmay keledi. Kókbay aqynnyng taghy da bir kólemdi dastany, ómirining songhy shaghynda jazghan " Qandyjap" atty tarihy shygharma. Onda Abylay el tynyshtyghyn, azattyghyn oilap, halqynyng bolashaghy ýshin uayymdaghan, halqynyng adal perzenti retinde suretteledi. Ómirdegi shyndyqtan alys ketpegen K.Janatayúly Abay aitqanday "qazaqtyng maqtan qylar erlerining biri" Abylaydy qolynan kelgenshe iri túlgha retinde beyneleuge tyrysqan. Onyng basyndaghy kezdesetin jekelegen kemshilikterin de jasyrmaydy. Tarihy shyndyqty negizge alyp, Abylaydyng erlik isterining bir qyryn bayandaudy maqsat tútady.

Dastannyng iydeyalyq mazmúndaghy bir qúndylyq - qanshama jyldargha sozylghan qazaq-qalmaq soghysynyng Abylay han arqasynda bitim tabuyn, osy joldaghy qazaq handary men erlikterin suretteu. K. Janatayúlynyng ruhany nәr salghan altyn bastaularynyng biri-shyghys әdebiyeti. Onyng shyghys mәdeniyetin terendep oqyp ýirenuine orasan zor yqpal etken adamnyng biri, ózining ústazy - Abay Qúnanbayúly. Shyghystyq qissa-dastandardyn, oqighaly әngimelerding kópshiligi Abay aituy boyynsha, sol ortada kenirek taralyp, mol óris jayady.

Kókbay Janatayúly "Myng bir týn" ertegisining negizinde eki qissa jazady. Onyng alghashqysy "Ghadil patsha qissasy" bolsa, ekinshisi - "harun Rashid qissasyng dep atalady. Eki qissany da S.Qaramendin el ortasynan tauyp, 1927 jyly hatqa týsirgen. Olar arhiv qorlarynda saqtalghanymen kýni býginge deyin jaryq kórgen joq. Qissalardy jazudaghy aqynnyng basty nysanasy - adam balasyn adamshylyqqa, adaldyqqa, shynayy mahabbat pen alghyrlyqqa, tapqyrlyq pen әdilettilikke shaqyru. Eki qissanyng da tәrbiyelik manyzy asa joghary.

h h h

Qazaq әdebiyettanu ghylymynyng tuu, oyanu, damu kezenderine kóz jýgirtkende, últtyq ghylymiy-zertteushilik, әdebiy-teoriyalyq oi-pikirding basty nysanynda bolyp, klassikalyq múrany iygerude jan-jaqty, ghylymy túrghyda zerttele bastaghan úly Abaydyng shygharmashylyq múrasy ekendigin bayqaymyz. Abaydy tanu-halqymyzdyng tarihyn tanu dep bilsek, osy jolda ýlken júmystar atqarylyp keledi. 1924 jyly Abaydyng dýniyeden ótkenine 20 jyl toluyna oray Semey qalasynda әdeby kesh ótedi. Kókbay osy keshte Abaydyng minez erekshelikterin, ózi bilgen ústazy jayly әngimelerdi, Abaydyng aqyndyq túlghasyn sipattap shyghady. Kókbaydyng osy pikirleri Abay múrasy men aqyndyq erekshelikterin tanyp baghalaugha ýlken kómegin tiygizgen. Kókbay әngimesining asa qúndylyghyna M.Áuezov joghary bagha bergen.

Abaydyng erekshe myrzalyghy, jomarttyghy, dýniyeqor emestigi, malshysyna adaldyghy, aqshagha da sarang bolmaghandyghy, qonaqshyldyghy men toghyzqúmalaqty qyzyghyp oinaytyndyghy, jas kezindegi anshylyghy- barlyghy- Kókbay esteliginde kórinis tapqan. K.Janatayúlynyng Abaydyng minez kórinisteri turaly aitqan estelik-әngimesi Abaytanugha qosylghan qúndy derekting biri dep bilemiz. Múhtar jazghan Abay ómirbayanyna búl enbekting tiygizgen ýlesi erekshe mol. "Onan song Abaydyng ómirbayanyn tolyq etip jazuda da Kókbay aityp bergen materialdar asa kóp edi. Olar qúndy derekter bolatyn. Tek Kókbaydyng Abay túsynda aitqan esteligi tolyq jazylmady. Biraq 1933 jyly biz qúrastyryp jazatyn alghashqy tolyq ómirbayannyng kóp faktylary Kókbaydyng auzynan alynghan",-deydi M.Áuezov.  Abay shygharmalarynyng jinaghy tolyq bolyp shyghuyna da Kókbaydyng enbegi zor bolghanyn atap aituymyz kerek. Yaghny Kókbaydyng qazaq әdebiyetine qosqan ýlken ýlesi - Abaydyng asyl múrasyn aman saqtap, ony keyingi úrpaqqa jetkizu. Búl baghyttaghy Kókbay enbegi turaly M.Áuezov bylay dep jazady: "1924 jyldan bastap Abaydyng ómirbayanyn jazushylargha jәne barlyq tolyq jinaghyn qúrastyrugha Kókbay barynsha zor kómek etken edi. Abaydan qalghan múranyng qazaq oqushylaryna tolyq jinaq bop qúralyp shyghuyna anyq enbek sinirgen kisining biri - Kókbay. ...1909 jyly Kәkitay bastyryp shyqqan jinaq Abay enbekterining jarym kólemindey ghana edi. Kókbay qoljazbada saqtalghan shygharmalar ghana emes, ózining jadynda jýrgen, birshama joghalyp ketuge mýmkin bolghan Abay ólenderi men keybir shumaqtar, joldardy hatqa týsirtip, úly aqynnyng ózge múralarynyng qataryna qostyq.

M.Áuezov joghary baghalaghanday Abay múrasynyng tolyqqandy týrde saqtaluyna, ghúmyrnamalyq dәldi derekterding bizge jetuine Kókbay tendessiz enbek sinirgen. Ústazy aldyndaghy, keleshekting aldyndaghy paryzyn úgha bilip, boryshynan qútyldy. Dana aqynnyng dara shәkirtining kemengerligi de osynda.

Jandos Maghazbekúly Áubәkir,

Filologiya ghylymdarynyn

kandidaty.