Jaqynda kórshiles Qyrghyzstannyng búrynghy basshysy Almazbek Atambaevtyng qazaq halqynyng betine basqan sózderining biri: “Qazaq halqyn Shynghys han úrpaqtary biylegen” degen syny edi. Biraq búl shynynda syngha jatatyn sóz be eken? Qazaqtyng handary tekti bolghandyghy esh úyat nәrse emes. Handar biyligining instituty – qazaq halqynyng tarihyndaghy sayasy jýiesining negizi edi. Búl bizding el bolghanymyzdyng belgisi.

Ortaghasyrdaghy Europa memleketteri bolsyn, Aziya elderi bolsyn – olardy әr týrli әuletterden shyqqan patshalary, monarhtary biylegen. Europada Gabsburgtar, Burbondar, Valualar bolsa, týrikti Osmandar, Qyrymdy Giyreyler basqarsa, Qytayda Miyn, Siyn, Szini әuletteri bir-birin auystyrsa, bizdi, qazaqty Shynghystyng úrpaqtary biylegen. Múnyng esh jamandyghy joq, kerisinshe búl – bizding maqtanyshymyz. Shynghys han ózi jaman-jaqsy bolsyn, býkil әlem tanyghan úly tarihy túlgha. Dýnie jýzinde resmy týrinde
ótken mynjyldyqtyng nar túlghasy bolyp sanalghan adam. Kóshpendi taypalaryn biriktirip, basyn qostyrghan kóshbasshy edi. Dala órkeniyetinde onyng aty Móde, Attila (Edil), Kýltegin atalarymyzdyng arasynda atalady. Shynghys hannyng әdil biylik jýiesi, danalyghy san ghasyrlar bilimdi adamdaryn tang qaldyrdy. Qazaq halqy týgil, Qytay Shynghystyng úrpaqtary basqarghan memleket bolghandaryn maqtan tútady.

Shynghystyng nemeresi Hubilay han HIII ghasyrdyng ayaghynda Qytaydyng imperatory bolyp, Yuani әuletining negizin qalaghan. Inisi Hulagu bolsa Irandy basqaryp, Ilihan әuletining negizin qalaushysy edi.

Iranda óz tarihynan qashpaydy, úyalmaydy. Al qazaqty Shynghys han úrpaqtary eng úzaq basqarghan. Basqa elder tóre túqymynan bas tartqanda, qazaq halqy tórelerge berik boldy. Tekti tórelerimiz de
elding ystyghyna kýiip, suyghyna tonyp, jau kelse qol bastaghan, beybit zamanda el basqarghan.

Qazaqty tóreler basqarghany – bizding Altyn Ordanyng (naqty aitqanda Joshy úlysynyn, Aq Ordanyn) sayasy dәstýrining mirasqory ekenimizdi bildiredi. Tarihta Altyn Orda degen atauymen qalghan (búl termindi negizi tarihshylar synap jatady, alayda el arasynda keng jayylghan atau bolghan song “Altyn orda” dep jazyp jatyrmyz Joshy úrpaqtary basqarghan memleket zamanauy Reseyding de sayasy jýiesin qalyptastyrdy.

Orys (Mәskeu) patshalyghynyng sayasy dәstýrining týbinde Kiyevtik Rusitin, Vizantiya jәne Altyn Ordanyng sayasy dәstýrleri jatqany aiday anyq. “Igo” degen sózining ózi “iygi”, “iygilik” degen
sózinen shyqqan emes pe? Qyrghyzdyng Arys Aynal degen biyleushileri kezinde Shynghys hangha aq súnqar jiberip, qúrmetin bildirgen ghoy. Keyin qyrghyzdar Mogholstanda túryp, Mogholstannyng tauly aimaghynyng arystandary atalyp Shaghatay úrpaqtaryna baghyndy emes pe? Alayda, Shaghataylar, Shaybaniyler, Ashtarhan әuleti qazirgi ózbek, tatar, sibir tatar halyqtarynyng ata-babalaryn biylep, eki-ýsh ghasyrdan keyin tarih sahnasynan ketti.

Qazan, Ashtarhan men Sibirdi Resey jaulap alyp ózining qúramyna qossa, Orta Aziyadaghy biyleushiler qaradan shyghyp han bolghandarmen auystyryldy.

Tek qazaq qana basqalarday emes, Jәnibek pen Kerey handardyng úrpaqtaryna berik bolyp qaldy.

Qyrghyzdyng qolynan qaza tapqan han Kenemizge deyin san ghasyr qazaqtyng handary, tóreden shyqqan biyleushilerimiz halqymyzdyng ajyratylmaytyn bóligi edi, tәuelsizdigimizdin, últtyq bolmysymyzdyn, eldigimizdin, qazaq bolghanymyzdyng nyshany edi.

Handarymyz sheksiz monarhtar emes, dala demokratiyasynyn, kóshpedi, әskery demokratiyasynyng ókilderi edi. Han tórelerding arasynan shyqsa-daghy, hannyng taghy әrdayym atasynan balasyna miras bolyp qalghan emes. Biylikke baladan danalyghy, erligi asqan bir tughan bauyry, nemere-shóbere aghayyn, kerek bolsa tóre әuletining mýldem basqa tarmaghynan shyqqan adam kele alatyn edi. Han bolugha jaramaytyn hanynan el kóship kete alatyn edi. Eli tastap ketken han handyqsyz qalatyn edi. Hantalapay da bolatyn edi, handy ant úrsyn dep taghynan quu da mýmkinshilik bolatyn edi.

Kerek bolsa qyrghyzdyng ózi de Esim hanymyzdy moyyndap, qazaqtargha qosylyp Túrsyn handy shapqan ghoy, qazaq-qyrghyz birigip 1628 jyly Tashkentti aldy emes pe? Búl qazaq-qyrghyz qosynyn basqarghan da Shynghystyng úrpaghy tóre Esim han emes pe edi?

Al endi qyrghyzdyng manaptaryna, qaradan shyghyp ózderin han dep sanaghandaryna qarayyq. Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng jazbalaryna sýiensek, manaptardyng biyligi sheksiz edi (ayta keteyik, “Manasty” qaghazgha týsirip, qyrghyzdyng tarihyn, saltyn, túrmysyn zerttegen Shoqan da Atambaev til tiygizgen tórening túqymy). Manaptar óz elinen yaghny qaradan shyqsa-daghy qútyrghan erke shonjarlar edi.

Múny sosialistik Qyrghyzstannyng biyleushisi Jýsip Ábdirahmanov ta jazdy. Mysaly, Ýmbetәli degen manap bir kezde “Ýmbetәli” dep balasyn shaqyrghan әielding dausyn estidi. Bayqasa, kishkentay balanyng atyn Ýmbetәli dep qoyghan eken. “Jer betinde eki Ýmbetәli simaydy” dep, ashuy qyzghan manap beykýnә balanyng basyn qylyshpen shauyp tastaghan. Qyrghyzdyng dәstýri boyynsha han soghys kezinde ghana saylanghan, ony rubasylar – manaptardyng arasynan tandaghan. Qaradan shyghyp han bolyp saylanghan manaptar eldi óz ruyna tartqan, ózimshil, rushyl bolyp, jeke jәne óz ruynyng mýddelerin jalpyúlttyq mýddelerinen joghary qoyghan. Mysaly. Orman han býkil qyrghyzdyng hany bola túryp, ózining Sarybaghysh ruynyng mýddelerin asyra biyik túrghyzyp, Búghy degen ruyn shauyp, ony túzday qúrtayyn dep jýrdi. Aqyry óz qyrghyzynyng qolynan qaza tapty.

Bizding tórelerimiz bolsa jýzge, rugha jatpaghan song býkil eldi birdey kórdi, teng kórdi. Ádiletti biylik jýrgizip, bir rudyng mýddesin basqadan joghary qoyghan joq.

«Han balasynda qazaqtyng haqysy bar edi, tiri bolsam, qazaqqa qyzmet qylmay qoymaymyn», - dep aitqan Alashtyng kóshbasshysy
Álihan Bókeyhanov ta Shynghys hannyn, Áz Jәnibektin, tórelerding tikeley úrpaghy. Átten, zamanymyzdyng Álihandary, Alashtyng tuyn tikken Ahmet, Mirjaqyp, Maghjan, Jaqyp-Álimhandary, Rayymjandary qayda? Sol tóreden shyqqan Álihangha, qazaq Alash ziyalylaryna ergen qyrghyzdyng Ishanghali, Ábdikerim, Qasymdary emes pe edi? Arabaevtyn, Sydyqovtyn, Tynystanovtyng tyrnaghyna da tatymaydy eken Almazbek myrza...Sonda qyrghyzdyng da ziyalylary 100 jyl búryn tóreden shyqqan Álihangha baghynghany
syngha jatatyn sóz be? Qysqasy, tórelerimiz, handarymyz – tarihymyz, babadan qalghan shejireli asyl mirasymyz.
Almaz myrzanyng qyrghyz sayasatymen ainalysyp, qazaq tarihyna, qaharman handarymyzgha, últtyq namysymyzgha tiyispey, tarihymyzdy sayasat pen halyqaralyq qatynaspen aralastyrmaghany jón-aq.

Asqar Dayyrbek

Abai.kz