Sonymen Kominternning kongresi ótisimen, Álihan Bókeyhanovtyng tikeley kenesimen Álimhan Ermekov Qazaq avtonomiyasynyng territoriyasy turaly bayandamagha dayyndyqqa kiristi. Onda әr sóz ben sóz tirkesine sayasi, tarihi, últtyq, ekonomikalyq, memlekettik maghyna men astar berdi. Ásirese qonystanushylar qordalana ornalasqan, qara topyraqty soltýstik oblystardyng shekarasyn anyqtaugha jәne olardy qazaq jerining qúramynda qaldyrugha jankeshti dәlelder izdestirildi. Al jer jóninde, sonyng ishinde soltýstik oblystardyng jer, ekonomika, sharuashylyq, etnikalyq qúramy men mәdeny shoghyrlanuyna bagha berude sol kezdegi Kenes ókimeti ghalymdarynyng ishinde Álihan Bókeyhanovpen tendesetin maman da, ghalym da, sayasatker de joqtyng qasy bolatyn. Keyin odaqtas respublikalardyng ghalymdary men sayasatkerleri Jer turaly zang men qauly-qarar qabyldar aldynda Á.Bókeyhanovtyng pikirine jýginip baryp talqygha úsynyp otyrghanyn tergeu derekteri de rastaydy.

Sonymen Kominternning kongresi ótisimen, Álihan Bókeyhanovtyng tikeley kenesimen Álimhan Ermekov Qazaq avtonomiyasynyng territoriyasy turaly bayandamagha dayyndyqqa kiristi. Onda әr sóz ben sóz tirkesine sayasi, tarihi, últtyq, ekonomikalyq, memlekettik maghyna men astar berdi. Ásirese qonystanushylar qordalana ornalasqan, qara topyraqty soltýstik oblystardyng shekarasyn anyqtaugha jәne olardy qazaq jerining qúramynda qaldyrugha jankeshti dәlelder izdestirildi. Al jer jóninde, sonyng ishinde soltýstik oblystardyng jer, ekonomika, sharuashylyq, etnikalyq qúramy men mәdeny shoghyrlanuyna bagha berude sol kezdegi Kenes ókimeti ghalymdarynyng ishinde Álihan Bókeyhanovpen tendesetin maman da, ghalym da, sayasatker de joqtyng qasy bolatyn. Keyin odaqtas respublikalardyng ghalymdary men sayasatkerleri Jer turaly zang men qauly-qarar qabyldar aldynda Á.Bókeyhanovtyng pikirine jýginip baryp talqygha úsynyp otyrghanyn tergeu derekteri de rastaydy.
Ártýrli mýddeler men úsynystardy jinaqtap, talapker jaqtardyng dәlelderi men saraptamalaryn saralap, jan-jaqty dayyndalghan komissiya mәjilisi 9-10 tamyzda Últtar jónindegi halyq komissariatynyng kollegiya mýshesi A.Z.Kamenskiyding tóraghalyghymen ótti. Qazaq memleketining taghdyry sheshilgen, tәuelsiz Qazaqstannyng býgingi territoriyasyn týbegeyli anyqtap bergen qasiyetti mәjilis bolghandyqtan da jәne onyng asa manyzdy qújat ekenin eskerip, "Alashorda" tarihyn alghash qújattyq túrghydan egjey-tegjeyli zerttegen tarih ghylymynyng doktory, professor Dina Ahmetjanqyzy Amanjolovanyng payymdauyn negizge ala otyryp, komissiya mýshelerining tizimi men lauazymyn, pikirlerin qosa úsynamyz.
Mәjiliske: Últtar jónindegi halyq komissariatynan - M.Súltanghaliyev, Jer jónindegi komissariattan - A.D.Surupa, bayandamashy retinde Semey oblysy atynan - Á.Ermekov, Qazrevkomnan - S.Pestkovskiy, M.Myrzaghaliyev, G.Kulakov, Á.Jangeldiyn, A.Baytúrsynov, G.Álibekov, Mәskeudegi qazaq ókildiginen - P.Petrovskiy, Orynbor gubatkomynan - IY.Martynov, Týrkkomissiyadan - G.Safarov, Sibirrevkomynan - V.Sokolov, Omby revkomynan - IY.Poludov, Chelyabi gubkomynan - Polyakov, Bókey ordasynan - S.P.Milutin men D.Temirәliyev, Aqmola oblysynan - Itbaev pen Orazaev, Astrahaninan - A.Karimov qatysty.
Bayandamashy Álimhan Ermekov Qazaq revkomy men Últtar jónindegi halyq komissariatynyng úsynysyna jýgine otyryp: Astrahani, Ural, Torghay, Aqmola, Semey, Syrdariya, Zakaspiy, Samarqan, Ferghana oblysy men guberniyalaryn qamtityn jalpy kólemi 3 467 922 sharshy shaqyrym jerdi Qazaq respublikasynyng qúramyna berudi úsyndy. Kórsetilgen jerding 81%-yn jan sany 5,5 million bolatyn qazaqtar paydalanatynyn, búl býkil túrghyndardyng 54% ekenin atap ótip ol:
"Qazaqstannyng shekarasyn anyqtau barysynda múqym ólkening etnikalyq, ekonomikalyq jәne mәdeny erekshelikterin erekshe eskeru kerek. Egerde qazaqtardyng deni osy uaqytqa deyin kóshpeli ómir salty men mal sharuashylyghyn basty kәsip retinde saqtap qalghanyn nazargha ilsek, ... onda búl oblystardyng ózara tyghyz ekonomikalyq baylanysta ekeni kózge anyq kórinip túr. Sondyqtan da Qazaq avtonomiyaly respublikasyn qúru tek soltýstik jәne ontýstik oblystardyng arasyndaghy shekaralyq tútastyqty saqtaghan jaghdayda ghana mýmkin әri naqty ómirlik sypat alady, búl mәsele kerisinshe sheshilgen jaghdayda, Avtonomiya tirshilik kózinen aiyrylady. Sonymen qatar, mәdeny jәne ekonomikalyq ortalyqtar da aralas oblystyq qúrylymdar (Sibir revkomy jәne t.b.) talap etip otyrghan territoriyalardyng qúramynda qalyp qoyady. Búl ortalyqtarsyz ontýstik oblystar ekonomikalyq, sharuashylyq jәne ekonomikalyq-mәdeny asharshylyqqa úshyrap, tiri ólikke ainalady. Osy payymdaulardy eskere otyryp Qazaq avtonomiyasynyng qúramyn kórsetilgen shekara boyynsha bekitu qajet. Orynbor qalasy uaqytsha ortalyq retinde qaralyp otyr", - dep (sonda, 361 bet) mәseleni tikesinen jәne sheshimdi týrde qoydy.
Búl - asa taghdyrly da tauandy talap edi. Ol talaptan bas tartu - qazaq jerin telimdeumen para-par bolatyn. Osy tústa ózgelerding nazaryn ózine qaratyp, kózqarasyn qazaq avtonomiyasynyng mýddesine beyimdep, dәleline sendirip, bauyryna tarta baurau túrghysynan alghanda Álimhan Ermekovting tua bitken sheshen de ójet minezi, mysy basym degdarlyghy, qisyndy ústanymy qazaq memlekettigining negizin qalap, territoriyasyn anyqtauda sheshushi qyzmet atqardy. Ol ózining asa jýieli jәne batyl qisyndary arqyly opponentterining pikirlerin sharasyz jansyzdandyrdy, olardyng talaptaryn: Kenes ókimetining sheshimimen, "bayyrghy halyqtar erkindikti qabyldap, Úly Oktyabri revolusiyasynyng jemisterin jinauy" ýshin qúrylyp otyrghan avtonomiyagha qarsylyq bop kórinui mýmkin ekendigin tegeurindi emeurinmen jetkizdi. Janyn ýshkirip Álimhannyng janyna qosqanday bolyp otyrghan, mysymen de, demimen de demep otyrghan Álihan Bókeyhanov:
"Men sen sóilep otyrghanda kóterilip-basylghan janartaudyng ýstinde otyrghanday boldym. Sóilegendegi jalynyng betimdi sharpydy", - dep bagha berdi.
Búl pikirdi Sibir revkomynyng ókili V.Sokolov ta ózining alpysynshy jyldary jariyalanghan esteliginde:
"Qayratty qara shashy artyna qayyrylghan, kelbeti qazaqtardan oqshaulau jas qazaq jigiti jalynday sharpyp, asa qyzu sóilep, oratorlyq qisyndy qabiletimen komissiyanyng yqpalyn ózine qaratyp aldy", - dep (Mәdeniyet jәne túrmys, 1964, № 11) jazdy.
Shyndyghynda da mýldem basqa talap qoyyp, soltýstik oblystardy Reseyding qúramynda qaldyrugha ókim dayyndap kelgen V.Sokolov qarar ýshin dayyndaghan sózin júmsartyp:
"Bayandamashynyng pikirine negizinen qosylamyn. Alayda Soltýstik oblystardyng Sibirden bólinui, onda shoghyrlanghan orys túrghyndarynyng Qazaqstangha mәjbýrli týrde qosyluynyng saldarynan, últaralyq alauyzdyqty tughyzuy, ózara qaqtyghysqa alyp kelui mýmkin. Sonymen qatar, Orynbor әkimshilik ortalyq retinde kazaktar men qazaqtardyng arasyndaghy qyrghiqabaq qatynasty órshitui mýmkin, sóitip qazaqtar kóterilisting otyna sharpylatyn qauipti jaghdaygha tәuekel etip otyr. Resey tarihy qazaqtargha Qazaqstannyng asa auqymdy territoriyasyn basqara alatyn memlekettik apparat qúratynday mardymdy bilim men úiymdastyru tәjiriybesin iygeruge mýmkindik bergen joq. Al múnday basqaru apparatynsyz Qazaq avtonomiyasy tayau arada óz-ózinen ydyrap tynady. Jerdi birte-birte óz ýlesine qaratyp, basqaru apparatyn qúrghansha birtalay uaqyt kerek, sondyqtan da búl mindetti qazir Qazaq revkomymen tyghyz baylanysta basqaryp otyrghan Sibirrevkomy men Týrkkomissiyasynyng qúramynda qaldyru qajet", - dep (sonda, 361-bet) úsynys aitty.
Qazir búl pikir ashyq qarsylyq esebinde baghalanuy mýmkin jәne Sibir revkomy búl úsynysty 1922 jylgha deyin ústanyp, soltýstik oblystardy qaramaghynan shygharmady. Alayda sol kezdegi, sol kýngi psihologiyalyq yrghasu túrghysynan alghanda búl "júmsaq pikir" edi. Áytpese mәsele Qazaq avtonomiyasyna soltýstik oblystardy beru - Reseydi bólshekteu, qazaq enbekshilerin sosialistik qoghamnan shettetu, proletariattyq-internasionaldyq paryzdan bas tartu, Qyzyl armiyanyng tógilgen qanyn qorlap, kenes ókimetining ornyghuynan bas tartu retinde mәlimdeme jasalsa, búl mәselening dәl sol kezde sheshilui jәne sheshile qalghan jaghdayda da soltýstik oblystardyng Qazaqstan qúramynda qaluy neghaybyl edi. Al janaghyday "avtonomiyany moyynday otyryp keltirilgen "biraq tar", sóz arasyndaghy sayasy "brak" - syltau ghana edi. Týrkistannyng bilgiri, "Týrkkomissiyanyn" ókili G.Safarov ta:
"Týrkistandaghy qazaq oblystarynda Kenes ókimeti әli ornygha qoyghan joq, búl baghytta óz betinshe júmys istey alatyn kýsh te joq, sondyqtan da әueli negizgi qúrylymdy nyghaytyp baryp, sodan keyin ghana birte-birte iske kiriskenimiz jón", - dep solqyldaqtyq tanytty.
Týrkistan respublikasyn "әsirekenestendirip, bir kýnde sosializm ornatpaq bolyp, memleketti anarhiyalyq jaghdaygha әkelgeni ýshin" Kremlige shaqyrtylyp alynyp, "Týrkkomissiyasynyn" jetekshiligi mindetin atqarghan G.Safarov "qazaq avtonomiyasynyn" qúryluyna mýddeli emes bolatyn, kerisinshe T.Rysqúlov, N.Hojaev siyaqty jergilikti qayratkerlerdi Stalinning yrqymen biylikten ysyrghan "aralyq qayratker" edi. Avtonomiyanyng qúryluyna tikeley mýddeli Qazaq revkomynyng tóraghasy S.Pestkovskiyding ózi:
"Qazaqstanda ózgeler siyaqty últtyq avtonomiya qúrugha bolmaydy. Tek territoriyalyq prinsipti ústanu ghana aqylgha siyady", - dep týpki pighylyn tanytty.
Al "kenestik jer iyesi" mekemesining ókili A.D.Surupa:
"Egerde shóleytti dalagha qúnarly jer qosylmasa, onda búl ólke ómir sýre almaydy. Qazaq ólkesining barlyq basqaru qúrylymy Qazaq revkomyna baghyndyra shoghyrlanuy tiyis, әitpese osyghan deyingi qalyptasqan jaghday ózgermeydi", - dep oryndy pikir bildirdi.
"Týrkkomissiyanyn" tizgini qolynan shyghyp bara jatqanyn sezgen G.Safarov taghy da ózeurep:
"Orynborda otyryp Jetisu men Syrdariyany basqaramyn deu - mazaq qana emes, arandatu. Múnday sayasat - últtyq utopiya", - dedi.
Al Ahmet Baytúrsynov ýshin búl qiyal emes, naqty tarihy mýmkindik edi. Ol osy avtonomiya ýshin "Alashordanyn" mýddesin Kenes ókimetimen baylanystyrghan jәne oghan kepil retinde óz basyn tәuekelge tikken taghdyrly túlgha bolatyn. Sondyqtan da ózeuregen "Týrkkomissiyasynyn" aldyn ala Stalinmen kelisip tújyrymdaghan pikirining betin birden qayyryp:
"Ángimening basyn birden ashyp alu kerek. Egerde Qazaq ólkesi ózin-ózi biyley almasa, onda respublika qúru mәselesining pisip-jetilmegeni, ony qúrugha tiyisti jaghdaydyng jasalmaghany ghoy, onda bos sózdi dogharu qajet. Demek bәrinen búryn basty mәseleni - búl respublikany qúrudyng qajettigi bar ma, joq pa sony sheship alu qajet. Egerde búl mәsele ondy sheshilse ghana, sodan keyin baryp sol respublikany basqara alatyn kýshterdi qúrudy qolgha alu qajet, al onday kýsh bar", - dep senimmen aitty.
Al Álihan Bókeyhanov pen Ahmet Baytúrsynovtyng bedelining aldynda G.Safarovtyng sýreni onyp sala beretin. Sol kezge deyin әsiresolshyl, bir jyldan keyin әsireúltshyl baghytty ústaghan Stalinning orynbasary M.Súltanghaliyev ýsh jaqty pikirding "altyn ózegin" ústap:
"Egerde Týrkistan men Sibirdegi biylik әlsiz bolsa, al múnyng shyndyq ekenin eshkim joqqa shyghara almaydy, onda olardyng is-әreketteri Qazaq revkomynyn, ortalyqtyng ókimimen ýilesetindigine eshkim de kepildik bere almaydy. Sondyqtan da búl oblystardyng revkomynyng júmysy ortalyqtyng ókiletti qararlarymen rettelip otyrugha tiyisti. Basqaru biyligi Qazaq revkomynda bolugha tiyisti, al qalghan ortalyqtar sonyng últtyq, әleumettik-ekonomikalyq sheshimderi boyynsha júmys istep, Qazaq revkomynyng sheshimderin jetekshilikke aluy tiyis", - degen pikir bildirdi.
Mine, osy arada bas bayandamashy Álimhan Ermekov ózining ústanymy men dәlelin týbegeyli ornyqtyru maqsatynda qayyra jaryssózge shyghyp:
"Avtonomiya beru mәselesin prinsipti týrde birauyzdan qolday otyryp, avtonomiyany qúrugha kelgende sóz ben isting arasynan alauyzdyqtyng tuyp otyrghany týsiniksiz. Anyghynda mәsele: respublikany qúrudyng qajeti bar ma, joq pa? - degenge tirelip túr. Eger men dúrys týsinsem: tek nasihat ýshin ghana emes, naqty is jýzindegi júmys isteytin avtonomiya turaly sóz bolyp otyr, endeshe soghan say basqaru apparaty qúryluy tiyis, onsyz: qazaqtar ózin-ózi basqara ala ma? - degendi bylay qoyghanda, respublika jóninde sóz qozghaudyng ózi maghynasyz bos myljyng ghana. Al Qazaq revkomyn qyzmetkerlermen qamtamasyz etudi ortalyq moynyna alsyn", - dep basty nazardy avtonomiyanyng jariyalanuyna audardy.
Sóitip 10 tamyz kýni komissiya tóraghasy A.Z.Kamenskiy barlyq eskertuler men úsynystardy qoryta kele:
"Qazaq respublikasyn qúru - sheshilgen mәsele, qorytyndysy dayyndalyp, tiyisti mekemeler ókimet biyligin respublikanyng basqaruyna beruding joldaryn qarastyrsyn", - dep jariyalady.
Búl - ýlken jenis edi. Alayda búl jenisti tiyanaqty etu ýshin avtonomiyanyng territoriyasy men túrghyndary turaly úsynystardy Leninning aldynda qorghap shyghuy tiyis boldy.
Á.Ermekov (Estelikten): "Moskvagha kelgennen keyin V.IY.Lenin tóraghalyq etken komissiyanyng otyrysynda men Qazaqstandaghy jaghday turaly bayandama jasadym. Maghan deyin Týrkistan respublikasyndaghy jaghday turaly "Týrkkomissiyasynyn" mýshesi jold. Safarov sóiledi. Asa quatty jigerge ie búl adam otarlanghan audandardaghy búratana halyqtyng asa auyr jaghdayy men Stolypin reformasynan keyin qonys audarushylardyng kesirinen tuyndaghan qiynshylyqtardy sonday bir senimdi de naqty dәleldermen jetkize bilgen tiyanaqty bayandama jasady. Ol: ózining ata qonysynan aiyrylghan jәne kelimsek-kulaktardyng ayausyz tәrkisine úshyraghan qazaq batyraqtarynyng bisharalyghy men kórgen qorlyghyn ashyna aitty. Ol: "shúghyl týrde jer reformasyn jýrgizip, barlyq kulaktardyng jerin tartyp alyp, olardan alynghan jerdi búrynghy iyesine qaytaryp berudi talap etti. "Sonda ghana búratana halyq bostandyqty sezine alady, úly qazan tónkerisining jemisin kóre alady",- dedi. Vladimir Iliich onyng kózqarasyn qoldady jәne sodan biraz uaqyt ótken song Oraz Jandosovtyng t.b. qatysuymen Týrkistanda jer reformasy jýrgizildi".
12 tamyz kýni Leninning tóraghalyghymen ótken mәjiliste Á.Ermekov negizinen qazaq avtonomiyasynyng shekaralyq audan mәselesine basa nazar audardy.
Á.Ermekov (Estelikten): "Men ózimning bayandamama kirispey túryp, Úly Oktyabri revolusiyasy kósemining aldynda qatty tolqydym. Biraq onyng qarapayymdylyghy, meyirimdiligi, kishi halyqtargha degen erekshe qamqorlyghy maghan jaymashuaq әser etti. Bayandama kezinde meni onyng shiraqtyghy, oiynyng ótkirligi, az halyqtyng bayandama jasaghan ókilin әdil de batyl qoldauy bey-jay qaldyrmady.
Kóterilgen barlyq mәselelerdi taldauy men ondaghy qoyylghan mәselelerding barlyghynan habardar boluy jәne oghan boylay enui tanqalarlyq edi. Ol mening bayandamama da katysty qyzyghushylyq pighyl kórsetti: múqiyat tyndady, mýmkin bolatyn qatelikterden saqtandyrdy, al әdil sheshimdi talap etetin qajetti sharalardy batyl qoldady. Vladimir Iliich tek tyndap, taldap qana qoymay, әri qyzyna pikir aityp, býkil bayandamanyng basynan bastap ayaghyna deyin belsene qatysyp otyrdy. Sóitip, adamzattyng úly danyshpany maghan úmytylmas әser qaldyrdy. Osynau úly oishyl-revolusionerding ruhy aldynda basymdy iyip taghzym etemin.

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Endi Vladimir Iliichting bayandamadaghy shiyelenisken mәselelerdi dúrys sheshuge katysyp, bergen kómegi turaly, elu jyldan keyin de esimde qalghan jeke-jeke epizodtargha toqtalayyn.
Men ózimning bayandamamda, negizinen Qazaqstannyng shekarasyn anyqtauda ýlken manyzy bar kýrdeli de shiyelenisken jer mәselesine toqtaldym (Búl mәseleler Leninning kózi tirisinde sheshilgen bolatúghyn, sondyqtan da qazir tarihi-anyqtamalyq qana sipat alady.
Patshalyq Rossiya kezinde sol kezdegi qoldanystaghy zang erejelerin búza otyryp, qazaq júrtynyng iyeligindegi ózen, kól jaghalauyn, orman alqabyn, sayajay ornalasqan toghaylardy, qara topyraqty jerlerdi, jasyl alqaptardy tartyp alghan bolatyn. Al búl "beldeulerdin" Ertis boyyndaghy kólemi әuelide eni 10 desyatinadan bastap úzyndyghy 70 desyatinagha deyin jetti, al Kaspiy tenizining soltýstik jaghalauyndaghy әigili "milliondyq qor" dep atalatyn asa iri atyrau mal óndirisimen ainalysushylardan tartyp alynyp, shirkeuge, qazynalyq qarashyghyn dep atalatyn salghyrttyng esebine jәne qazynanyng jeke biyligine berildi.
Qazaqtardyng paydalanuyndaghy jerlerdi tartyp alatyn múnday әperbaqandyq - Reseyding ishindegi asa iri jer iyeleri men pomeshikterdin: qúlqyn joqtaytyn stolypindik reformadan keyin tipti óristep ketti. Ol Memlekettik Duma minbesinen: "Qazaq dalasy men Týrkistandaghy úiymdasqan kulaktardyng qojalyghy jergilikti túrghyndardyng mýddesin eskermeui tiyis, kerisinshe ol - patsha rejiymining tiregi boluy tiyis", - dep úran tastap, patshalyq sayasattyng tiregine ainaldy. Sóitip jergilikti túrghyndardy oilamay, Qazaqstan men Týrkistanda kulaktardyng iyeligindegi sharuashylyqtyng qanat jangyna bar kýshin salghan edi. Onda (mәjiliste - T.J.) Kaspiy jaghalauy turaly mәseleler ótkir pikirtalas tudyrdy. Al jergilikti túrghyndardyng jer turaly mәselesi, tipti qaralghan da joq bolatyn. Ertisting on shaqyrym sol jaq beti 1904 jylghy orys-japon soghysy aldynda senat ýkimetining qaulysymen Sibir kazaktarynyng iyeligine berilgen. Al qazaq eli ózining ata-babasynyng jerinen aiyrylyp qana qoymay, onyng ýstine osy jayylymdyqqa malyn baghu ýshin orys kulaktaryna orasan zor qarjy tólep, tez arada kedeylikke úshyrady. Sóitip olar әrbir kazak semiyasyna qyzmet etetin ýy sharuasyndaghy júmysshy retinde batyraqtargha ainaldy. Qazaq ólgen kisisin jerleu ýshin zirat ornyna altyn aqsha esebimen 18-20 som tólegeni turaly derekter arhiv qújattarynan belgili.
Men bayandamamnyng sonynda: osy on shaqyrymdyq jerdi qazaq halqy ejelden iyelenip kelgendikten de, ózderine qaytaryp beru turaly úsynys jasadym.
Al Kaspiy tenizining soltýstik jaghalauy - salyq jinaytyn jer bolyp jariyalanghanymen, patsha ýkimeti qazaq túrghyndaryn iyelengen jerlerinen kóshire almady. Sebebi Kaspiyding soltýstik jaghyna karay "Ryng (Naryn - ? - T.J.) qúmdary" dep atalatyn qúm búirattary sozylyp jatyr. Ekonomikanyng qatal zany túrghyndardy Kaspiy tenizi jaghalauyna qudy. Onda olar balyq aulaumen shúghyldanyp, kemede júmysshy bolyp istep, kýn kóris mýmkindigine ie boldy.
Bayandamamnyng sonynda: qazaqtardyng búryn iyelenip kelgen jerleri ózderine qaytarylsyn jәne jergilikti qazaq pen otyryqshyldanghan orys túrghyndary qashan ornyghyp bitkenshe Rossiyadan qonys audarudy toqtatqan jón, - degen úsynys jasadym. Osy jerde Vladimir Iliich mening sózimdi bólip: "Qyzyq eken, ortalyqtaghy joldas, bizding SK-nyng mýshesi Safarov: Týrkistannan barlyq kulak sharuashylyghyn kóshirip jiberu kerek, - dese, siz: tek jergilikti qazaqtar men otyryqshyldanghan orystar oryn tepkenshe qonys audarudy toqtatu kerek, - deysiz. Búl qalay? Men múnday pikirdi kýtpep edim", - dep bir sәt kýmiljy qarady. Men: "Safarovtyng Týrkistannyng jaghdayyn jaqsy biletinin, ol sol jerde úzaq uaqyt qyzmet istegenin aita kelip, al Qazaqstannyng jaghdayynda onday úsynystan bas tartu kerek", - dedim. Jәne de óz úsynysyma negiz retinde soltýstik aimaqtardaghy qazaq pen orys túrghyndarynyng san jaghynan araqatynasy jayly statistikalyk mәlimetterdi keltirdim. "Orys túrghyndaryn kóshirip jiberemiz degen sheshimning oryndalu mýmkindigine senbeymin, sebebi últtar arasynda alauyzdyq tuu qaupi bar" - dedim. Sonda Vladimir Iliich: "Endeshe oilanu kerek", - dedi.
Búdan keyin: "on shaqyrymdyq kesimdi jer" men jerge ornalastyru men auyl sharuashylyghyn úiymdastyru turaly barynsha qamty aitqanyma qaramastan, Vladimir Iliich: "Taghy da qosymsha aitarynyz bar ma?", - dep súrady. Sonda men jastardyng atynan (ol kezde 29 jasta edim): jerdi óndeuge jәne shóp shabugha arnalghan auyl sharuashylyghy mashinalarymen qamtamasyz etse, sóitip auyl sharuashylyghy kommunalaryn úiymdastyrsaq, - degen tilek aittym. Vladimir Iliich qolyn sermep: "Keregi joq, keregi joq. Biz auyl sharuashylyghy kommunalary jayly, tipti Ortalyq Rossiyada da әli oilastyrghamyz joq", - dedi. Vladimir Iliichting tarapynan aitylghan múnday silteme úsynysqa men qatty abyrjyp qaldym.
Komissiyanyng mәjilisinde jasaghan bayandamamnyng bizding respublikamyzdyng territoriyasyn anyqtau turaly túsynda: Kaspiy tenizining soltýstik jaghalauynyng - Astrahani guberniyasynan Qazaqstangha qaytarylghany tiyimdi ekendigi jónindegi jogharydaghy úsynysymdy qaytalap aittym. Mening búl úsynysyma kóptegen adamdar mýldem qarsy boldy. Iri basshylar, әsirese Astrahani guberniyalyq atqaru komiytetining predsedateli (familiyasy esimde joq), Lejava, Bruhanov sekildi basshylar: Kaspiyding balyghymen Moskva júrtshylyghyn asyrap otyrmyz, elimiz azyq-týlik qiyndyghyn bastan keship otyr, - degen syltaudy aldygha tartty. Sóileushilerding búl mәselege teris kózqarasyn bayqaghan Vladimir Iliich maghan búrylyp: "Bizding ekonomister jan-jaqty taldap, batyl aitqan sekildi, úyalmanyz, ózinizding oiynyzdy erkin aita beriniz, endi sóz sizge beriledi", - dedi.
"Men, keshe ghana institutty bitirgenmin, jaqsy tәjiriybeni ýirenuge dayynmyn. Biraq keybir joldastardyng mening oiyma qarsy bolghanyna tanym bar. Óitkeni Qazaqstannyng ózining últtyq-túrmystyq erekshelikterine baylanysty alatyn avtonomiyalyq basqaru qúrylymy - RSFSR-ding qaramaghyna kiredi. Soghan qaramastan, bizding Kaspiy jaghalauynyng respublika shekarasyna kirgiziluin maqúldaghanymyz dúrys siyaqty. Sebebi ol jerde negizinen balyq sharuashylyghymen ainalysatyn qazaqtar mekendeydi jәne de búl jaghalau Qazaqstan territoriyasynyng ishine kirip túr. Al eger osy jaghalaudy túrghyndarymen birge bizding respublikanyng shekarasyna kirgizse, biz olardy úiymdastyryp, Astrahani guberniyasyna qaraghanda Ortalyqqa әldeqayda kóp balyq jiberetinimizge senimdimin", - dedim.
Vladimir Iliich Astrahani guberniyalyq atqaru komiytetining predsedateline búrylyp, odan: "Jaghalaudaghy qazaq pen orys túrghyndarynyng san jaghynan araqatynasy qanday?" - degen súraq qoydy. Predsedateli statistikalyq mәlimetter joq degendi syltau etip, súraqtan búltarghysy kelip edi, Vladimir Iliich: "Jaghalauda qansha qazaq, qansha orys bar - dep otyrghanym joq, osy ónirdegi túrghyndardyng qaysysy basym?", - dedi. Sonda predsedateli amalsyzdan: "Qazaqtar basym sekildi", - degenge saydy. Vladimir Iliich: "Mәsele týsinikti boldy", - dep dauysqa salmaq edi, sol arada hatshy Krestinskiy: "Ermekov joldas "Dansig dәlizin" úiymdastyrmaq bolyp otyr", - dep qystyrylyp edi, Vladimir Iliich: "Krestinskiy joldas mәselening manyzyn týsingen joq. "Dansig dәlizin" Astrahani gubatkomy men bizding sharuashylyq basshylary jasap otyr", - dedi. Teniz jaghalauyn bizding respublikamyzdyng shekarasyna qosudy jaqtap Vladimir Iliichting ózi dauys berdi jәne onyng úsynysy kópshilik dauyspen qabyldandy", - dep eske aldy.
IYә, Lenin men Álimhan Ermekovting kózbe kóz tildesuining nәtiyjesinde býgingi Atyrau óniri Qazaqstannyng qúramyna mәngilik qosyldy. Avtonomiya men territoriya mәselesi 14, 16-17 tamyzda talqylanyp, 24 tamyzda taghy da Leninning qatysuymen ótken eng songhy sheshushi mәjiliste týbegeyli bekitildi:
Búl turaly atalghan estelikte Á.Ermekov: "1920 jyldyng 24 tamyzda Halyq Komissarlar Kenesi Qyrghyz (qazaq) Avtonomiyalyq respublikasy turaly dekret jobasynyng mәselesi jónindegi mәjiliske bayandamashynyng biri retinde men de qatystym. Mәjilistegi atmosfera asa iskerlik jaghdayda boldy, әrqaysysy ózderining jauapkershiligin sezinip, qatal tәrtip saqtap, baysaldylyq tanytty. Búl mәjiliske Vladimir Iliichting ózi jәne bizding tarapymyzdan tóragha Pestkovskiy qatysyp otyrdy. Mәsele turaly Últtar jónindegi halyq komissarynyng tóraghasynyng orynbasary Kamenskiy bayandama jasady. Ol ózining jauapkershiligin qatty sezinip, bayandama barysynda kóp qinaldy.
Vladimir Iliich dekretti qarap otyryp: "Baylanys toraby múnda SSNH-nyng qaramaghyna berilipti, nege NKPS-ting (Baylanys jónindegi halyq komssariatynyng - T.J.) qarauyna berilmegen? - degen súraq qoydy. Kamenskiy joldas: "Tatar respublikasy turaly dekrette osynday ereje qabyldanghan bolatyn", - dep jauap berdi. Vladimir Iliich tandanys bildirip: "Endeshe ol erejede múnday sheshim nege qabyldanghan?", - dep súraq qoydy da mәselening barlyghy naqty qamtylmaghany turaly bayandamashygha qatty eskertu berdi. Men búl mәselening mәn-jayyn Pestkovskiy joldasqa: "Bizding respublikamyzdaghy temir joly torabynyng kólemi shamaly, onyng esesine salynyp jatqan temir joly qúrylysy SSNH-nyng basshylyghyna qaraydy", - dep týsindirdim. Pestkovskiy joldas sóz alyp, jogharydaghy sheshimning mәn-jayyn týsindirip berdi. Vladimir Iliich búghan: "Múnday týsiniktememen kelisuge de bolady, kelispeuge de bolady, biraq bayandamashy bolsa Tatar respublikasy jónindegi osyghan sәikes erejege silteme jasaghysy keledi", - dep eskertu jasady. Kamenskiy joldas ózine týsken barlyq jauapkershilik pen auyrlyqty qatty sezinip qinaldy, sóitip osynda otyrghandargha aldaghy uaqytta eskerip jýretindey ýlken sabaq boldy.
"Sóitip Dekretting jobasy tezdete tútas oqylyp, qabyldandy. Tiyisti qosymshalar men ózgeristerimen qosa RSFSR Halkomsovynyng Dekreti 1920 jylghy 26 tamyzda býkil elge jariyalandy", - dep eske aldy.
"Alashorda" ýkimeti arqyly Qazaq respublikasyna úlasqan Alash iydeyasy osylay oryndaldy. Onyng basynda sol jolda janyn qúrbandyqqa ataghan Álihan Bókeyhanov, Ahmet Baytúrsynov, Álimhan Ermekov jәne ... avtonomiya turaly pikirtalasta:
"Egerde senimmen qolgha alsaq búl mәseleni tolyq sheshe alamyz. Tek... biz әli taptyq jigimizdi ajyratyp ýlgergemiz joq. Sondyqtan da biz qazaq halqynyng últshyldyq yrqyna da kóndik, onsyz eshteneni jýzege asyra almaytyn edik", - dep salmaqty ózine audara sóilegen Áliby Jankeldin túrdy.
Oghan Alash azamattary M.Myrzaghaliyev pen Gh.Álibekov dauystaryn qosty.
Al búl - Álihan Bókeyhanov pen Ahmet Baytúrsynovtyn, Álimhan Ermekovting qazaq memleketi aldyndaghy tarihy missiyasy bolatyn. Sóitip "Alashorda" kósemi ókimet biyligin resmy týrde Leninge tabystap, al Alashtyng ruhany tuyn jana Qazaq avtonomiyalyq ólkesi ýkimetining qazaq isteri jónindegi orynbasary Ahmet Baytúrsynovqa ústatty. Oghan Deklarasiya jariyalanysymen Álihan Bókeyhanovtyng Leninmen onasha on bes minut sóilesui tolyq dәlel. Ózi: "Ne oiy, ne bilimi kólemdi emes",- dep esepteytin Stalinmen kezdesuden bas tartqan. Ol turaly Álimhan Ermekov:
"V.IY.Lenin ózi tóraghalyq etken alghashqy mәjilisting ayaghynda: "Avtonomiyany kúru jóninde qazir Stalinge baryp pikirlesinder, onyng dayyndaghan jobasy bar, sonymen tanysyp, bar oilarynyzdy týiistirinizder", - dep kenes berdi.
Mәjiliske qatysushylar ýziliste týgeldey dәlizge shyqtyq. Qazaqstandyq delegasiyanyng qúramy 15-tey adam bolatyn. Bәrimiz Álihan Bókeyhanovty tostyq. Álekeng Leninmen onasha pikirlesip, әngimelesip qalghan bolatyn. 15-20 minuttan keyin ol kisi de shyqty. Biz: "Sizdi Stalinge birge kiru ýshin tosyp túrmyz", - dedik. Álihan bәrimizge salqyndau qarap:
"Stalin ne shesher deysin, onyng ne oiy, ne bilimi kólemdi emes, qansha bir jetisken joba bar deysin. Onan da ózimiz jeke sheshken dúrys", - dep jýrip ketti.
Biz bәrimiz de antarylyp qaldyq ta Álekene ilesip Kremliden shyghyp kettik. Osy kýni: "Bәlkim kirip pikirleskenimiz dúrys bolar ma edi? Keybir mәseleler mýmkin basqasha sheshiler me edi?", - degen oy keledi.
Osy mәjilisten keyin bir jeti ótken song V. I. Lenin Qazaq ASSR-in qúru jónindegi dekretke qol qoydy", - dep eske alghan.
Á.Ermekov (1931 jylgha 28 qazan kýngi jauabynan): "Al 20 jyly men Mәskeu qalasyndaghy Baytúrsynov pen Validovtyng arasyndaghy kelissózge kezdeysoq qatystym. Ol maghan Baytúrsynov arqyly belgili boldy. Baytúrsynov ol kezde Qazaqstan ýkimetining ókili bolghandyqtan da kezdesuden bas tarta almaytynmyn. Eshqanday úiym turaly sóz qozghalghan emes. Onyng mәn-jayy aldynghy jauaptarda aityldy. 20 jyly qazan aiynda oquymdy tәmamdau ýshin Tomskige bardym. 21 jyly pedagogikalyq tәjiriybeden óttim. Sol jyldyng kýzinen bastap mektep mengerushisi boldym".
Mine, endi tergeudegi jauaptyng retine qaray taghy da Zaky Validovke qaytyp oralamyz. 1921 jylghy týrik tektes halyqtardyng taghdyryna arnalghan "Revolusiyalyq qozghalystyng damuy jәne bizding Shyghysqa kózqarasymyz" atty birikken mәjiliste Zaky Validov:
"Qazan tónkerisi shyghysqa eshnәrse bergen joq. Orystar ókimet biyligin qolyna aldy, sonymen bәri de bitti, әldebir gubernatordyng ornyn júmysshy almastyrdy, bar ózgeris sol ghana... Osy uaqytqa deyin shyghys halqy partiyalyq júmysqa belsendi týrde tartylghan joq. Egerde sharuashylyqty basqaru respublikanyng qolyna berilmese, osy kýnge deyin ChK (tótenshe komissiya, qazirgishe alghanda qauipsizdik komiyteti - T.J.) jergilikti emes túrghyndardyng qolynda bolsa, onda qanday revolusiya turaly aitugha bolady. Biz shyghystyng biylik tizginin óz qolymyzgha alyp, barynsha tónkeriske júmyldyrugha tiyispiz", - dep ses kórsetti.
Ses kórsetip qana qoyghan joq, ýkimet qyzmetinen bas tartyp, Orta Aziyada astyrtyn úiym qúryp, әsker jasaqtap, bolishevikterge qarsy kýresu maqsatymen Búqara men Samarqangha jasyryn ketti. Mine, tergeushilerding qazaq ziyalylary men Validovting araqatynasy, baylanysy haqynda qaytalay qazymyrlap súraq qoyynyng sebebi osynda. Á.Ermekov búl súraqqa pәlendey qysylyp-qymtyrylmay túrmystyq etekbasty kórinis retinde bagha beredi:
Á.Ermekov (jalghasy): "...1926 nemese 1927 jyly keshte Halel Dosmúhamedovting ýiinde qonaqta otyrghanymyzda ol maghan jәne Eldes Omarovqa ertegige ainalyp ketken ejelgi әngime retinde: Týrkistandaghy qozghalys turaly, oghan ózining qatysqanyn, múnyng ózi Validovpen jolyghuy tiyis bolghanyn, biraq ta Validovting әieli qaytyp kelgen song (Ufadan Tashkentke - T.J.) múnyng barmay qalghanyn aityp berdi. Ketip bara jatqanda ózara onyng qay-qaydaghyny beker eske alghanyna ókinisip tarastyq. Ashyghyn aita keteyin: tarihtyng enshisine ainalyp ketken múnday tylsym, jartylay kýngirt jaylar turaly sholaq sózderdi jii tyndaugha bolady jәne ol turaly jalpy qauesetti (naqtyly emes) partiyada barlar da, joqtar da biletin".
SSSR dep atalatyn bolashaq qúrama memleketting qúrylymy sol jyldary josparlanyp jatqan. Orta Aziya men Qazaqstandaghy týrki júrtyna ortaq 1). Týrkistan respublikasyn qúru (T.Rysqúlov t.b.), 2). Týrkistan - Qazaq avtonomiyaly respublikasyn qúru (S.Qojanov), 3). Rossiya qúramyndaghy Týrkistan avtonomiyasyn qúru (europalyqtar) turaly kýres jýrip jatty. Al Qoqan, Búqara respublikalary Tәuelsiz músylman memleketin qúru maqsatynda "múharramdyq" (revolusiyalyq, orys basylymdarynda - basmashylar qozghalysy) maydan ashty.

(Jalghasy. Basy ótken sandarda)

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