Týrik degen alyp terekting bel balasy - Qazaq halqy bir kezderi dәuirlep, tórtkil dýniyeni titiretse, taghdyrdyng jazuymen basynan qaraly kezendi de ótkizip, úly úrymgha, qyzy qyrymgha satyldy. Ótken tarihymyzdaghy Qazaq degen kóshpeli júrttyng jan saughalap, tentirep ketken eng azaly kezeni XVIII ghasyrdaghy «Aqtaban shúbyryndy», Alqakól súlama» jyldary edi.
Osy qaraly jyldary Qazaqtyng talay rulary óz ýiirinen adasyp, basqa halyqtargha baryp sinisti. Osynday qazaqtan enshisin alyp, keyin ózbek últyna sinisken úlystardyng biri Qúramalar edi. Biz, býgingi zerttememizde osy Qúramalar jóninde әngime órbitpekpiz. 
Sonau toqsanynshy jyldardyng basynda bala kezimde naghashymmen erip Tashkenge barghanymda, naghashym ózining uniyversiytette birge oqyghan sabaqtasyna jolyghyp qalyp, kópten bir-birin kórmegen eki dos mәre-sәre bolyp, shýiirkelese ketken edi. Týri ózbekke úqsaghanmen, naghashymnyng әlgi sabaqtasynyng qazaqshasy aghyp túr. Keyin, naghashymnan: «Búl adamnyng últy ózbek pe? - dep súraghanymda, naghashym: «Onyng últy - Qúrama, ruy - arghyn» - dep jauap berdi. Búdan keyin qazaqqa  qyrghyz ben qaraqalpaq jәne noghay sekildi tili óte úqsas Qúrama degen tuys últ bar eken ghoy degen oigha qalghan edim.
Keyin, jazushy Qabdesh Júmadilovtyng «Daraboz» atty shygharmasynan; «Aqtaban shúbyryndyda» Tashkenge Qazaqtar bosyp kóship baryp, taypalastarynan ajyrap qalghan otbasylary keyin, etek-jenin jinap, birigip «Qúrama» atty taypany qúrdy» degen derekti oqyp, bayaghy Tashkende kórgen naghashymnyng Qúrama dosynyng tili nelikten qazaqqa úqsas ekendigin týsindim. Degenmen, Qabdesh Júmadilovtyng búl enbegi prozalyq shygharma bolghandyqtan, búndaghy Qúramalar turaly derekting ghylymy negizi joq edi.
Halyq arasynda Qúramalar jóninde týrli hikayalar aitylady. Biraq, búl hikayalardyng ghylymy negizi әlsizdeu. Al, Qúramalar jóninde eng alghashqy etnografiyalyq jazba derekterdi orys zertteushileri jazyp qaldyrghan. Solardyng biri shyghystanushy IY.G.Andreevtyng enbeginde Qúramalar jóninde mynanday derek aitylady:
«Janadan payda bolghan búl Qúrama halqy turaly eshtene aita almaymyz. Bir biletinimiz tashkenttikter, qashqarlyqtar men búqarlyqtar, olardy «jana qauym» dep - tanidy. Osyghan qaraghanda olar basqa bir jerlerden aua kóship kelgenge úqsaydy, keybireulerining aituynsha, olardyng qauymdastyghy hiualyqtar men qaraqalpaqtardan qúralghan, kópshiligi qashyp kelgen qaraqshylar. Olar kóbeye kele, ne әskeri, ne biyleushisi joq, Búqar qalalaryn iyemdenip alghan. Tashkent qalasynyn, Syrdariyagha qúiyp jatqan Shyrshyq ózenining ar jaghynda Qoqan qalasymen shektesip jatyr. Olardyng sany on myng adamnan aspaydy; maly da, egistigi de jetkilikti, Qoqan begining qol astynda, Tashkent qalasynan 50 versttay qashyqta jatqan toghyz qalasy bar, olar; 1) Piskent, onda segiz jýz týtin, 2) Kereushi, bekinis esebindegi qala; 3) Sharukiya, Hodjant qalasynyng biyligine baghynady; 4) Boqa onda myng týtin bar; 5) Múratәli; 6) Kiyreyt Baqsu; 7) Qaraqtay ; 8) Qalay-mór;  9) Pangas.
Búl qalalarda qúramalardyng qysta túratyn baspanalary bar, al jaz uaqytynda olar egin egip, mal ústau ýshin qala manyna kóship shyghyp, ózderining qalalaryna jetkilikti týrde kýshti kýzet qoyady. Búlar da qyrghyzdar siyaqty asau halyq, Búqar keruenderine ýnemi ziyandaryn tiygizip keledi.
Shyghu tegi arydan emes, beriden, osy ghasyrdan bastalady. Múhammed zanyn ústanady. Osydan elu jyl búryn olar onsha kóp emes edi. Qazir olar quattanyp alghany sonday qytaylar da, qyrghyz-qaysaqtar da jәne olargha jaqyn túratyn jabayy qyrghyzdar da olargha shapqynshylyq jasay almaydy... (Andreev IY.G 18 bet. Turkestansikiy alibom pos rasporyajeniy Turkestanskogo general gubernatora generali adutanta A.P foni Kaufan sostavili A.L Kun 1871-1872)
IY.G. Andreevting keltirgen búl deregi Qúramalardyng shyghu tegin dәl kórsetip bere almaghanmen, Qúramalardy Tashkent pen Qoqan qalasynyng tóniregine basqa jaqtan kóship kelgendigi men olardyng kóshpendilerge tәn asau halyq ekendigi jәne qaraqshylyqpen ainalysuyn aituy, Qúramalardyng Qazaq pen Qaraqalpaq rularynan qúralghandyghyn kórsetedi. Al, búl jerde «...keybireulerding aituyna qaraghanda Qúramalar hiualyqtar men qaraqalpaqtardan shyqqan» degen derek, naqty tújyrym emes, boljam retinde aitylghan.
Búdan basqa, eski derekterge sýiene otyryp, Qazaq últtyq ensiklopediyasyn jasaushylar Qúramalar jóninde mynanday derekterdi keltiredi:
«Qúrama  -  taypa, úlys. Ózbekstan Respublikasyndaghy Shyrshyq pen Angren ózenderin mekendegen, ózderin ózbek últyna jatqyzatyn týrki tildes úlys. «Qúrama» termiyni XV ghasyrdan bastap payda boldy. Qúrama qazaqtyng ýsh jýzining taypalary, ishinara ózbek, qaraqalpaq rularynyng aralasuynan XVIII ghasyrdaghy «Aqtaban shúbyryndy» jyldarynan keyin qalyptasqan. 1897 jylghy sanaq boyynsha Tashkent uәlayatynda 17 myng Qúrama mekendese, 1917 jyly olardyng sany 53 myngha jetken. Islam dinining Sunnit baghytyn ústanady.
Qúramalar XVIII  ghasyrdan otyryqshy tirshilikke kóship, eginshilikpen ainalysa bastady. Bau baqsha, jýzim ósiru sharuashylyqtary eleuli roli atqardy. Maqta men kýrish ósiredi, qoy, eshki, iri qara mal ústaydy. 1939 jylghy sanaq kezinde Qúramalar jeke halyq retinde tirkeldi. Biraq, 1959  jyly ózbek últynyng ókilderi retinde sanaqqa kirdi. Qúramalardyng qazirgi túrmystyq tili qazaq jәne ózbek tilderin baylanystyrushy til retinde qalyptasqan»  (Qazaqstan Últtyq Ensiklopediyasy. 126 bet).
1867 jylghy Patsha Ýkimetining әkimshilik reformasynda Týrkistan general gubernatorlyghyna qarasty Syrdariya oblysynda Qúramalar arnayy óz aldyna uezd bolyp qúryldy. (Istoriya Uzbekskoy SSR, t. 2, 21.) Qúramalardyng arnayy uezd bolyp qúryluynyng sebebi, Qúramalar shashyranqy emes, qala jәne qyshlaqtarda tyghyz qonystanghan edi. Búghan jogharydaghy shyghystanushy IY.G.Andreevtng óz shygharmasynda Qúramalardyng biringhay qonystanghan toghyz qalasyn kórsetui dәlel bola alady.
Tarihshy Seyitqaly Maduanovtyng aituyna qaraghanda, Patsha ýkimetining 1887 jylghy Syrdariya oblysyndaghy halyq sanaghy boyynsha 1 123 786 adam bolsa, 1909 jylghy halyq sanaghynda Syrdariya oblysynda 1 796 655 adam ómir sýrgen. Osynshama halyqtyng 90 payyzynan astamy qazaq pen ózbekter, qalghan 10 payyzdayy ózge últtar men úlystar bolghan (Seytqaly Maduanov. Istoriya Kazahsko Uzbekskih otnosheniy v HIH nachale HH vv. 64 b. Týrkistan 1992). Osy jerde tarihshy Seyitqaly Maduanov Tashkenttegi qazaq pen ózbekten ózge 10 payyz últtar dep osy ónirdegi Qúramalardy aityp otyrghan sekildi. Sebebi, 1917 jylghy halyq sanaghynda Qúrmalardyng sany 53 myngha jetken edi.   
1594 jyly Tәuekel han Tashkent uәlayatyn Búqar handyghynan tartyp alghannan beri, Tashkent Qazaqtyng Úly Jýzining ortalyghy bolyp keldi. Ózbekting Myng ruynyng biyleri qúrghan Qoqan handyghy túsynda Tashkentting biyligi (1800-1864)  qoldan ketkenmen, Tashkentte qonystanghan negizgi halyq qazaqtar edi. 1867 jyly qúrylghan Týrkistan general gubernatorlyghynyng ortalyghy Tashkent qalasy bolyp bekidi. Týrkistan general gubernatorlyghyna Syrdariya jәne Jetisu oblystary, keyin 1890 jyldary Ferghana oblysy kirdi. Patsha ýkimeti dәuirinde de Tashkent uәlayatynda qazaqtar men ózbekter qatar ómir sýrdi. 1887 jylghy halyq sanaghy boyynsha Tashkenttegi qazaqtar men ózbekterding sany dәl kórsetilmegenmen, eki últtyng arasalmaghy shamalas bolatyn. Kenes ýkimeti ornaghan jyldary 1930 jylgha deyin Tashkentting Qazaqstan men Ózbekstangha ortaq qala boluynyng sebebi, Mәskeu biyligi Tashkentti qaysy respublikagha beretindigin bilmey daghdardy. Sebebi, Tashkent uәlayatynda qazaqtar men ózbekterding sany teng dәrejede edi. Keyin, Mәskeu biyligi Tashkentti Ózbekstan Respublikasyna beretin bolyp sheshti. Osydan keyin, negizinen Qazaqtyng әrtýrli rularynan qúralghan Qúramalar Ózbekstangha baghynyshty bolyp, songhy jarty ghasyrda birtindep tabighy týrde ózbektene bastady. Resmy derekterde 1959 jylghy halyq sanaghynda Qúramalar ózbek últy retinde tirkelgenmen, zanger Kәrimbergen Shemetaevtyng aituyna qaraghanda, Qúramalar 1969 jylghy halyq sanaghynan (K.Sh osy jylghy halyq sanaghyna qatysqan) bastap ózbek últy dep sanalghan. 
Belgili týrkolog Seydin Bayzaqovtyng aituyna qaraghanda Qúramalardyng tili ghana emes, antropologiyasy da qazaqqa kelinkireydi, sonday-aq, Qúramalar negizinen qazaqtyng ýsh jýzi men qaraqalpaq rulary jәne qypshaq tekti ózbek taypalarynan da qúralghan (Seydin Bayzaqov. Týbi bir týrkiler. Almaty.2000. 228 b).
Elimizde, Qúrama atyndaghy birneshe tarihy ataular jәne eldi-meken attary úshyrasady. Solardyng biri Jambyl oblysy Bayzaq audanyndaghy Aqjar auylyndaghy Qúrama degen kóne bekinis orny bolsa, ekinshisi Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysy Saryaghash audanyndaghy Jartytóbe auyly okrugine qarasty Qúrama eldi-mekeni. Saryaghashtaghy Qúrama auyly Tashkentke jaqyn ornalasqandyqtan, múnda Qúrama úlysynyng bir uaqyttarda ómir sýrgendigin kóre alamyz. Sonday-aq, Ózbekstan Respublikasyndaghy Shymghan jotasynan Ferghana jazyghyna qaray sozylyp jatqan Qúrama degen silem bar. Belgili geolog M.Serikbaevtyng aituyna qaraghanda, silemning Qúrama atanuynyng sebebi búl taudyng bókterinde býginge kýnge deyin Qúramalar ómir sýredi eken. 
Býgingi kýngi Ózbekstandaghy Qúramalar ózderining shyqqan tegin úmytqan emes. Qariyalary qandarynyng qazaq ekenin ýnemi aityp otyrady. Eluinshi jyldargha deyin Qúramalar ózderining tilin (Qazaq tili men Ózbek tilining arasyndaghy aralyq til) úmytpaghan edi. Biraq, keyin, birtindep ózbektene bastady. Qәzir, kóne-kóz qariyalary bolmasa, jastary qazaq tiline úqsas Qúrama tilinde sóiley bilmeydi. Qúramalardyng tili ózbekshege úqsaghanmen, qany qazaqtiki. Sondyqtan, tarihy negizderge sýiene otyryp, Qúramalardy tolyqtay qandasymyz nemese shettegi otandasymyz dep aituymyzgha bolady.
Tarihshylar men әleumettanushylar jәne tilshi ghalymdarymyz Qúramalardyng ótkeni men býgingi ómirin, sonday-aq, ózgede últ nemese úlys retindegi mәdeny erekshelikterin ekshep, ghylymy tújyrym jasasa, Qúramalardyng tabighy bolmysyn saqtap qalugha mýmkindik tughan bolar edi. Qúramalar Qazaq pen Ózbekti tel emgendikten, eki últty jaqyndastyrushy altyn kópir ispetti. Jalpy, biz, eki halyqtyng tatulyghyna úiytqy bolatyn mәdeny baylanystardy damyta beruimiz kerek. Osy túrghyda, Qúramalardyng mәdeniyeti men tarihynyng zerttelui asa manyzdy. Endeshe, Qúrama degen tuysymyzdyng bar ekendigin úmytpayyq aghayyn!

Múhan Isahan   
«Qazaqstan Zaman» gazeti 30 sәuir 2009 jyl