"Jariyalanbaghan avtonomiya" hәm kenestik "jalghyz ayaq" jol!
«Abai.kz» aqparattyq portalynda jariyalanghan jurnalist B.Mýrsәlimning «Jariyalanbaghan avtonomiya» atty maqalasy men ghylym doktory M.Qoygeldimen birlesip týsirgen «Alash tuy astynda» atty derekti filimi jayly qayshylyqqa toly pikirler aitylyp jatyr. Maqalany oqyp, derekti filimdi kórgen júrt «Jer astynan jik shyqty, eki qúlaghy tik shyqty» degendey eki úshty oigha qaluda.
Bizding tarihshylarymyz әli kýnge deyin Tarih ghylymy salasynda Kenestik iydeologiya salyp bergen «jalghyz ayaq» jolmen kele jatqany bayqalady. Tayauda «Abai.kz» aqparattyq portalynda Súltan han Aqqúlynyn atalmysh filim turaly maqalasy jariyalanghan eken, men Súltanhannyn pikirine qosylamyn. Jәne osyghan oray ózimnin HH-ghasyrdyng bas kezindegi Alash qozghalysynyn, Alash partiyasynyn, Alashorda ýkimetining atqarghan tarihy róli turaly oiymdy qosudy jón kórdim.
«Tariyh» degenimiz belgili bir damu ýderisterining zandylyqtaryna baghynatyn prosess. Damu prosessterining arasyn ýzip tastap, jana tarih jaza almaysyn.
Óitkeni, jazyp, ne kórsetkeli otyrghan kezendi sonau ótken ghasyrda bolghan tarihy oqighalardyng damu prosesine logikaly týrde jalghastyru mindeti túrady. Ghylym doktory M.Qoygeldi myrza men jurnalist B.Mýrsәlim «Alash tuy astynda» derekti filiminde býgingi Tәuelsiz memleketimiz ben ótken ghasyrdaghy Alash qozghalysy arasyndaghy logikalyq baylanysty ýzip tastaghan eken.
Federativti Resey de óz tarihyn qayta jazyp jatyr. Olardyng arasynan tipti «Rusi kniyazderi Batyidan jenilmegen, Altyn ordagha baghynbaghan» deytinder shyghyp jatyr. Olar ne dese, o desin, biraq, tarihy beride ghana jazyla bastaghan qazaq, tura joldan taymauymyz qajet-aq.
Kenes ókimeti ornaghannan keyin, búrynghy Resey tarihyna, «reviziya» jasap, kommunistik iydeologiya negizinde «Kenester Odaghy tarihyn» qayta jazyp shyqqan. Búl tarihtyng aituy boyynsha «Patshalyq imperiyany qúlatqan bolishevikter». Sol tarihta «bolishevikter partiyasy RSDRP turaly kóp aitylady. Ras, HH-ghasyrdyng basynda bolishevikterding Reseyding qalyng óndiris oryndarynda ókilderi boldy. Birinshi Dýniyejýzilik soghys kezinde armiya qatarynda da bolishevikterden nasihatshylar bolghany ras.
Biraq, sol kezde Resey imperiyasynda ekonomikalyq jәne sayasy daghdarys óz biyigine jetken edi. Sony tiyimdi paydalaghan Kadetter partiyasy Resey imperatory Nikolay II-ning taqtan bas tartugha mәjbýrledi. Yaghniy, Kenes túsynda jazylghanday patshany taqtan qúlatqan bolishevikter emes, Kadetter edi.
Sonday aq, qysqy saraydy Uaqytsha ýkimetten tartyp alghanda bolishevikter emes, Eserler partiyasy men menishevikter partiyasy bolatyn.
Keyin bolishevikter partiyasynyng kósemi eserler, menishevikter arasyndaghy alauyzdyqty jaqsy paydalanyp, Resey imperiyasy territoriyasynda Kenester Odaghyn qúrudy qolgha aldy.
Bolishevikter biylikterin nyghaytqannan keyin, Resey tarihyn «Kenester Odaghy tarihy» degen atpen qayta jazyp shyqty.
40-jyldargha deyin bizde ózimizdin tól ghylymy tarihshylarymyz bolghan joq (Alash qayratkerlerining ishinde qazaqtyng ýzik-ýzik tarihyn, shejirelerin jazghandar boldy). Qyrqynshy jyldardan keyin, instituttarda Tarih ghylymynyng mamandary dayyndala bastady. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde 1957 jyly «Qazaqstan tarihy» atty ýsh tomdyq akademiyalyq tarih shyqty. Sodan keyin mektepterge arnalghan tarih oqulyqtary osy akademiyalyq ýsh tomdyq negizinde jazyldy.
Múny qadalyp aityp otyrghan sebebim, bizding býgingi tarih ghylymy salasyndaghy mamandarymyz sol Kenes iydeologiyasy salyp ketken «tar joldan» shyghugha әli mýmkindigi bolmay jatyr. Ol erkindik bolu ýshin memleket tarapynan ghalym tarihshylargha erkindik berilui qajet. Al, ol «erkindik» tarih ghalymdarynda joq.
Ghylym doktory M.Qoygeldi men jurnalist B.Mýrsәlimnin memleketimizding Tәuelsizdigin 1991 jyldan bastauy sodan bolar dep oilaymyn.
Kenester Odaghy tarihynan ýlgi alyp jýrgenderge mynaday mysal keltire keteyin.
Bolishevikter ózderining tarihyn 1917 jyly Qysqy Saraydy aluynan emes, ózderining tól partiyasy RSDRP-nyng XIX-ghasyrdyng ayaq kezine qalay qúrylghanynan, sayasy qyzmetterining Reseyde qalay júmys istegeninen bastaydy. Yaghni, kommunister tarih jazuda onyng damu prosesterine manyz berip, yaghni, patshalyq imperiyany qúlatyp, «halyqty tendikke jetkizgen Kenester Odaghyn qúrugha marksizm-leninizm iydeologiyasy arqyly qol jetkizildi» degen «teoriyany dәleldegen».
Áriyne, búl qazir o dýniyege ketken qogham, adam sanasynan óshirilgen iydeologiya. Degenmen, bizding elimizde sol iydeologiyanyng salqyny bar.
Ángime, jurnalist B.Mýsilimning «Qazaq avtonomiyasy jariyalanbaghan» atty maqalasynan tuyndap otyrghandyqtan kez kelgen el tarihynyng alghysharttary bolatynyn eskerte ketkimiz keledi. Aytpaghymyz, «Alash» partiyasy men «Alashorda» ýkimeti taqyr jerde jariyalanghan joq.
Osydan eki jyl búryn, «Alash tuyn kótergender» atty kólemdi zertteu maqalamda «Alash qozghalysy men «Alash orda» ýkimetining jariyalanuyna deyingi aralyqta Alash qozghalysynyng on jyldyq tarihy jatqanyn aityp edim.
1905 jylghy Reseydegi Aqpan qantógisinen keyin, qazaq ziyalylary birigip, Alash qozghalysyn bastaghan bolatyn. Ol qozghalys sol jylghy «Qarqaraly petisiyasynan» bastalady. Patshanyng atyna, Ishki ister ministrine, ólkelik guberniya bastyghynyng atyna joldanghan petisiyalargha Qarqaraly, Semey bazarlaryna kelgen otyz mynnan astam adamnyng qoldary qoyylghan edi.
Búl degeniniz ýlken dengeydegi Alash qozghalysynyng bastauy boldy. Búl Resey Ishki ister ministri Stolypinning reforma jýrgizip, qara shekpendilerdi, orys kazaktary men sharualaryn qazaqtyng eng shúrayly jerlerine ornalastyryp, túrghylyqty halyqty jartylay shóleyt jerlerge yghystyra bastaghan kez bolatyn. Alash qayratkerleri sol atalghan Petisiyada orys sharualaryn qazaq jerine qonystandyrudy toqtatudy talap etken . Sol siyaqty qazaq eli ýshin eng manyzdy mәselelerding biri qazaq balalary ýshin mektepter ashu, sot isin jónge qong, jer mәselesimen ainalysatyn zemstvo ashu, meshitterdi qazaq mýftiyine qaratu tәrizdi talaptardy qoydy.
Osy uaqyttan bastap, petisiyany «jazdy, úiymdastyrdy» degen qayratkerlerding artyna jandarmeriya tynshylaryn salyp qoydy. Sonyng saldarynan 1907 jyly Ahmet Baytúrsynúly men Jaqyp Aqpaev týrmege qamaldy. Odan keyin A.Baytúrsynov 1909 jyly últshyldyq sózderi ýshin týrmege taghy jabylyp, mektep diyrektory qyzmetinen bosatyldy.
Sayasy qughynnan kózi ashylmaghan Alash qozghalysynyng belsendi qayratkeri, aqyn Mirjaqyp Dulatov ta týrmege qamaldy. Vyborg jiynynan keyin Samarada aidauda jýrgen Álihan Bókeyhanovta taghy qatang baqylaugha alyndy.
1905 jyldan 1913 jylgha deyingi aralyqta kózi ashyq kóptegen Alash qayratkerleri qazaqtyng kózin ashu, sauattandyru mәselesin shyndap qolgha aldy. 1909 jyly Mirjaqyp Dulatovtyng «Oyan, qazaq!» atty kitaby, sol jyly Ahmet Baytúrsynovtyng «Mysaldar» atty kitaby Qazan baspasynan shyghyp, qazaq júrtynyng sanasyn kәdimgidey janghyrtty. A. Baytúrsynovtyng odan keyin baspadan shyqqan "Qazaq әlipbiyi" jalpy halyqty sauattandyrudyn basy ghana emes, Qazaq Til ghylymynyng bastauy boldy. El arasynda Ahannyng Tóte әlippesin oqytatyn molda, múghalimder payda bolyp, sauattanghan adamdardyng sany edәuir ósti. Alashtyng sol kezdegi jas qayratkerleri Múhtar Áuezov, Beyimbet Mayliyn, Jýsipbek Aymauytov t.b. alashtyq qayratkerler osy Ahannyng «Álipbiyimen» kóz ashyp, «Qazaq» gazetining demimen ruhtanghandar. Tipti Kenes ókimetine qyzmet etken basshylar Sәken Seyfullinge, Túrar Rysqúlovqa, Áliby Jangeldinge, jazushy Sәbit Múqanovqa Ahannyng «Álipbiyi» men shygharmalary, ol redaktory bolghan «Qazaq» gazetinin kózqarastary men ómirlik ústanymdaryna әseri boldy desek, artyq emes.
1913 jyldan bastap, qazaq eli arasyna keng taray bastaghan «Qazaq» gazetining jәne odan búryn shyqqan «Ayqap» jurnalynyng últtyq ruhtyng qalyptasuy men nyghangyna zor ýles qosqanyna eshkim dau aita almas.
1913 jyldan 1919 jylgha deyin ýzbey shyghyp túrghan «Qazaq» gazetining qazaq mәselesi turaly jazbaghan taqyryby qalghan joq.
Jeke el boludy ansaghan, armandaghan sol kezdegi qazaqtyng ziyaly qayratkerleri osy "Qazaq" gazeti arqyly últtyng úiysuyna, ruhynyng kóteriluine demeu boldy.
1916-1917 jyldardaghy býkil Reseydi, jarty әlemdi qamtyghan alasapyranda qazaqtyng kózi ashyq azamattary, ziyalylary osy "Qazaq" gazetining manynda toptasty. Al, odan sәl búrynyraq, «Ayqap» jurnalynyng bas redaktory Múhamedjan Seraliyn «qazaq partiyasyn qúru» turaly úsynys jasaghan bolatyn. Biraq, búl úsynys qoldaushylar az bolghandyqtan ba, kezinde jýzege aspay qaldy.
Qalayda, Reseydegi 1917 jylghy Aqpan revolusiyasy Qazaq jerinde «Alash» partiyasynyng qúryluyna jәne «Alashorda» ýkimetinin jariyalanuyna jol ashty.
1917 jyly 21-26 shildede qazaq elining kópten kýtken birinshi Jalpyhalyqtyq siyezi boldy. Oghan Oral, Semey, Torghay, Aqmola, Jetisu, Syrdariya, Ferghana oblystary men Bókey ordasynan ókilder qatysqan edi. Siyezde «Alash» partiyasynyng baghdarlamasyn jazu, Qazaq qyrghyz avtonomiyasyn qúru turaly mәseleler qaralyp, sheshimder qabyldanghan edi.
Soghan oray Alash ýkimetining jogharyda atalghan oblystaryna basshylyq jasaytyn ókilderi saylandy.
«Alash» partiyasynyn baghdarlamasy keyinirek jazylyp, «Qazaq» gazetining qarasha aiyndaghy nómirinde jariyalanghan bolatyn.
Reseydegi Uaqytsha ýkimet pen bolishevikter arasyndaghy kýresterding kýrdelenip, shiyelenisip ketuine baylanysty 1917 jyly 5-13 jeltoqsanda Orynborda Ekinshi jalpy qazaq siyezi shaqyryldy.
Osy siyezde «Alash ýkimeti» qúrylyp, ol Qazaq-qyrghyz ýkimeti dep te atalghan.
Siyezde Qazaq qyrghyz avtonomiyasynyng halyqtyq demokratiyalyq ústanymy bolatynyn, elding әleumettik jaghdayyn qamtamasyz etudi maqsat etetini jiynda maqúldanghan Konsitusiyalyq jobada atap kórsetilgen.
Siyezde әr oblysta atqarushy jýieler qúrylyp, milisiya jәne halyqtyq әsker qúru turaly úsynys jasalyp, ol ister baghytynda keyin birshama júmystar atqarylghan. Ýkimet tóraghasy bolyp, kóp dauyspen Álihan Bókeyhanov saylanghan.
Bir sózben aitqanda 1917 jyly ótken Jalpy halyqtyq eki siyezde qabyldanghan sheshimder 1905 jyly bastalghan Alash qozghalysynyn Qazaq memleketi boludy maqsat tútyp, úzaq uaqyt boyy taban tirep jýrgizgen kýresterining nәtiyjesi edi.
Al, sonda otarlaushy Resey patshalyghyna qarsy on eki jylgha sozylghan Alash qozghalysy men sonyng nәtiyjesinde 1917 jyly qúrylghan Alash partiyasy men Alashorda ýkimetining qúrylu tarihyn tarihtan alyp tastap, Tәuelsiz Qazaqstan tarihyn 1991 jyldan bastau mýmkin be? Meninshe, búl qisyngha kelmeytin týiin.
Soghan baylanysty, týbinde Resey patshalyghynan bólinip, Tәuelsiz memleket qúrudy ansaghan Alash qayratkerleri úzaq jyldar ishinde óz qozghalys, kýresterin josparly týrde jýzege asyryp otyrdy.
Mәselen, memleket bolu ýshin, halyqty jappay sauattandyru kerek ekenin, sol ýshin qazaqqa ózining tólәlipbii kerek ekenin úghyp, Ahmet Baytúrsynov arap alfabiyti negizinde barlyghy 28 ghana gharipten túratyn Qazaq әlipbiyin oilap shyghardy. Osynyng nәtiyjesinde Tóte әlipbiydi onay iygergen qazaqtyng sany 1917 jyldan bastap edәuir artty.
Ekinshiden, A.Baytúrsynov ýsh salaly Qazaq grammatikasy ghylymdarynyng negizin qalady,
Ýshinshiden, «Ádebiyet teoriyasynyn» negizin saldy.
Tórtinshiden, Alashtyng asa kórnekti qayratkerleri M.Dulatov, Á.Bókeyhanov, M.Tynyshpaev mektepke qajetti basqa pәnderge arnap, kitap jazyp, shyghardy.
Besinshiden, qazaq auyz әdebiyeti ókilderining shygharmalary jinaqtala bastap, qazaq Jazba әdebiyetining (M.Áuezov, B.Mayliyn, J.Aymauytov jәne t.b.) negizi qalandy.
Altynshydan, qazaqtyng dәstýrli ónerin jaryqqa shygharugha Alash qayratkerleri kóp kýsh-qayrat júmsady. Teatrlyq qoyylymdar (Semeyde) qoyylyp, әn kýilerding notalary týsirile bastady.
Halyqtyng últtyq mәdeniyet dengeyi memlekttikting negizgi dingegi bolatynyn Alash qayratkerleri jaqsy sezindi.
Atalghan mәseleler men kórsetkishter sol kezding ózinde basqa Týrki elderining arasynda Qazaq Elining bedelin birshama biyikke kóterip edi. Sol kezde Orta Aziya halyqtarynyng ishinde tól tóte әlipby tek qazaq júrtynda ghana bolyp edi.
Ayta bersek, memleketting ózegin qúraytyn basqa negizgi kóp dýniyelerdi de Alash qayratkerleri sol alasapyran jyldarda maqsatty týrde jýzege asyrdy.
"Alashorda avtonomiyasy jariyalanbaghan" deu arqyly HH ghasyrdyng bas kezinde Alash qozghalysyna bar ómirin sarp etip, qazaqtyng keleshek memlekettigi ýshin kýresken Alash qayratkerlerining atqarghan úly isterin «kólenkede» qaldyryp, býgingi kýnimizdi ghana aitsaq, biz Kim bolamyz!?
Al, osy kýni aitylyp, jazylyp jýrgen «Alash ýkimeti jariyalanghan joq» degen daugha keletin bolsaq, onyng eki jaqty qyry bar.
Birinshiden, Aqpan revolusiyasynan keyin, biylik basyna kelgen Reseyding Uaqytsha ýkimeti bolisheviktermen, mensheviktermen, eserlermen alysyp jýrgende baytaq Qazaq jerine biylik jýrgizuge mýmkindigi bolghan joq.
1017-1919 jyldar ishinde qazaq jerinde әldeneshe ret biylik auysty.
Biri kelip, biri ketip jatty. Sonday aq, Kolchak qúrghan «Sibir ýkimeti de» qazaq jerine naqty biylik jýrgize alghan jaq.
1917 jyly shilde aiynda bolghan Birinshi jalpy qazaq siyezinen keyin, Alash partiyasynyn, «Alash ýkimetini» qúrylghanynan habardar el Alash qayratkerlerining auzyna qarady. Solardyng ústanymyn qoldady.
Bir sózben aitqanda 1919 jyly bolishevikter Kolchakty birjola Qytaygha qaray yghystyryp, jengennen keyin ghana búrynghy Resey imperiyasynyn Astarhannan sonau Shyghys Altaygha deyin sozylghan bos, iyesiz qalghan ken kenistikke nazar audara bastady.
Ángime ózegi HH ghasyrdyng 1917-1920 jyldarynda qazaq topyraghyndaghy tarihy oqighalar turaly bolghasyn, 1917 jyldyng ayaghynda qúrylyp, 1918-jyldyng bas kezinde bolishevikterding qolymen joyylghan Týrkistan (Qoqan) avtonomiyasy bar bolghany eki ay shamasynda ómir sýrdi. Onyng alghashqy premieri M.Tynyshpaev (keyin az uaqyt M.Shoqay basshy bolghan) Týrkistan (Qoqan) avtonomiyasyn joyghannan keyin ile-shala bolishevikter Tәshkende Týrkistan Kenestik Sosialistik avtonomiyalyq respublikasyn jariyalaghanyn aitpay ketuge bolmaydy. Búl avtonomiya qazirgi Qazaqstannyng ontýstigin, Jetisu men Syrdariya, qazirgi Ózbekstannyng territoriyasyn qamtyghan. 1918 jyly sәuir aiynda qúrylghan TASSR 1924 jylgha deyin, yaghni jana Qyrghyz (qazaq) avtonomiyasy qúrylghangha deyin ómir sýrgen.
Jetisuda TASSR-nyng qúryluyna 1917-1918 jyldary ontýstikte, yaghni, Vernyi (Almaty) men Tәshken jerinde bolishevikter ýstemdik alyp, osy aimaqtarda yqpaly óte kýshti bolghanynan dep baghalaghan jón. Ekinshiden, «Tendik әperemiz, jer bólip beremiz» degen sosialdyq ýgit-nasihatqa sengen qazaqtar da kóp boldy. Olardyng qatarynda el arasynda bedelderi zor qazaqtyng oqyghan ziyalylary da birshama edi.
Ontýstikte bolishevikter Týrkistan Sovettik Sosialistik avtonomiyaly respublikasyn qúrghan kezde (30-sәuir) bolshevikterdin negizgi kýshi Aqtóbe. Torghay, Qostanay, Aqmola aimaqtarynda Kolchak armiyasymen keskilesken shayqastar jýrgizip jatqan. 1919 jyly bolishevikter batystaghy kýshterin Kolchakqa qarsy tógip, aqyry olardyng bir bólegin Qytaygha, ekinshi bólegin Vladivostokqa deyin quyp, byt-shytyn shygharghannan keyin, tynys alghan Kremli basshylyghy Altaydan Astarhangha deyin sozylyp jatqan, Qazaq jerine biylik ornatudy oilastyra bastady. Batystaghy, ontýstiktegi, Shyghystaghy jaularyn jenip, Resey imperiyasynan qalghan әlemdegi eng ýlken territoriyanyng biyligine kelgen bolishevikter, endi Ishki sayasatty jolgha qoigha shyndap kiristi. Bolishevikter kósemi V.Leniyn «Últ isteri» komissiyasynyng tóraghasy etip. V.Stalindi taghayyndaghan edi.
Osynday jaghdayda V.Leniyn IY.Stalinge Qazaq jerinde memlekettik basqaru jýiesin, tetigin qalypqa keltirudi tapsyrghan. V.Staliyn Qazaq-qyrghyz mәselesi qozghalghanda әueli Áliby Jangeldindi eske alghany sózsiz edi. Onymen V,Stalin 1916 jyldan beri tanys bolatyn. 1917 jyly Stalin Á.Jangeldinge Torghay ólkesindegi kóterilisshilerge qaru jaraq jetkizudi óz qolymen tapsyrghan.
1919 jyly nauryz aiynyng bas kezinde I. Stalin Torghayda jýrgen Á.Jangeldinmen telegraf arqyly habarlasyp, Qazaq avtonomiyasy jónindegi mәselelerdi sheshuge Mәskeuge keluge búiyrdy. Sonday-aq, Jangeldinge Alash partiyasynan bilikti kisilerdi ertip keludi qatang tapsyrghan. Óitkeni, IY.Staliyn Kenes ókimetimen kelissóz jýrgizu ýshin el arasynda bedeli bar bir-aq partiyanyng bar ekeninen habardar edi. Sondyqtan Kremlide bolatyn avtonomiya turaly kelissózde Stalinning Alash partiyasynan ókilder boluyn talap etuining osynday sayasy astary boldy.
Sonymen 1919 jyldyng 19 nauryzynda Kremlide bolatyn kelissózge Á.Jangeldiyn, A.Baytúrsynov bastaghan on bir ókil jolgha shyqty. Á.Jangeldin men A.Baytúrsynov avtonomiya mәselesi boyynsha V.Leninnin, IY.Stalinning jeke qabyldauynda boldy. Sodan sәl uaqyt ótkennen keyin, Ahmet Baytúrsynovtyng sayasy talaby boyynsha 4-sәuirde Kenes ýkimetining basshylary qol qoyghan «Alashorda qayratkerlerine «Keshirim jasau» turaly qaulysy jariyalandy. Odan keyin avtonomiya turaly ýsh aigha sozylghan kenesterde jolyghyp jýrgen. A.Baytúrsynov qazaq jerine qarasty territoriyalar men oghan qarasty oblystar jóninde bayandama, odan keyin, jergilikti basqaru jýiesin demokratiyagha sәikes qúru, mektepter ashu jóninde de bayanadama jasady. Bolishevikter qazaq elining alyp territoryany alyp jatqanynan búrynnan habardar edi. Sonday-aq, olardyng qolynda patshalyq imperiya túsynda (1730 jyldan beri ýzdiksiz kartagha týsirilip kele jatqan qazaq jerining shekaralary kórsetilgen geografiyalyq karta da boldy). Bolishevikterge tek Qazaq-qyrghyz avtonomiyasyna tiyetin shekarany naqty bekitu men ýkimet mýshelerin taghayyndau qajet boldy. Aldaghy qúrylatyn avtonomiyagha tiyesili territoriya jóninde ýsh ay dau bolyp, Á.Jangeldin men A.Baytúrsynov shilde aiynyng ayaghynda elge oraldy. IY.Stalin A.Baytúrsynovqa Qazaq jerining territoriyasy turaly әli alda taldau bolatynyn eskertip, avtonomiya qúrylymy turaly jospar, aimaqtardaghy oblys ortalyqtaryn aiqyndau, halyqtyng sanyn mólshermen anyqtau, mektep jәne bilim beru jýielerin jikteu tapsyryldy.
Osy jerde, naqty derek kózi retinde tarihshy, akademik Kenes Núrpeyisting jazbasyn mysalgha keltirsem, ol ózining maqalasynda « 1920 jyly shildede V.Lenin «Qyrghyz (qazaq. Avtor) Ólkesin basqaratyn revolusiyalyq komiytetting Uaqytsha Erejesine qol qoydy. Kazrevkomnyng mýsheligine alghashynda A.Baytúrsynov, S.Mendeshov, S.Pestkovskiy (tóragha) engizilip, keyin onyng qúramyna B.Qarataev, M.Túnghanshiyn, B.Qaraldiyn, T.Sedelnikov, T.Álibekov endi» delingen. Akademik K.Núrpeyis sonday-aq osy maqalasynda Ahmet Baytúrsynovtyng «Qazaq ASSR Enbekshiler pravolarynyn Deklarasiyasyn dayyndaugha ýlken ýles qosty» dep basa kórsetken. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde 1920 jyly V.Lenin «Qazaq ASSR-i avtonomiyasy ýkimetin qúru turaly Qaulygha qol qoyghan.
Áuelgi Qyrghyz (qazaq) avtonomiyasynyng alghashqy qúrylymynda Qostanay oblysy men Orynbor Reseyge qaratylghan edi. Oghan Ahmet Baytúrsynov qarsylyq bildirip, V.Leninge hat jazyp, dәleldegennen keyin, Orynbor men Qostanay Qazaq avtonomiyasyna qaytarylghan. Biraq, 1925 jyly Kenes ýkimetining basshylyghyna IY.Stalin kelgennen keyin, Qazaq avtonomiyasynyng atyn ózgertu men territoriyasy turaly mәsele qayta qaralyp, Orynbordy RSFSR-gha baghynyshty qyldy.
Sóz sonynda býgingi Tәuelsiz Qazaqstan republikasy 1917 jyldan bastap, memleket bolyp qúryludyng myna tómendegidey bastapqy qúrylymdaryn basynan ótkergen edi:
1917 jyly. Aoashorda ýkimeti (ordasy Semey)
1918 jyly. Týrkistan Sovettik Sosialistik respublikasy (ortalyghy Tәshken, qaramaghyna Jetisu Syrdariya oblystary engen)
1920 jyly. Qyrghyz (qazaq) avtonomiyalyq respublikasy (ortalyghy Orynbor).
1925 jyly.Qazaq avtonomiyalyq respublikasy (ortalyghy Qyzylorda).
1936 jyly. Qazaq Sovettik Sosialistik respublikasy («avtonomiya» aty alynyp tastalyp, basqalardyng ishindegi eng iri territoriyaly respublika boldy).
Atalmysh ýkimetter men avtonomiyalar RSFSR federasiyasynyng qaramaghynda boldy. Solay desek te, osy tarihy damu ýrdisteri býgingi Qazaqstan respublikasyn Tәuelsizdikke jetkizdi.
Shekara jerlerinde әr kezde ózgerister bolghanymen, býgingi kýnigi Qazaq Eli, Qazaqstan memleketining negizgi shekaralaryn saqtap qalghany biz ýshin ýlken maqtanysh ekenin basa aita ketu kerek. "Tәuelsizdik" degen úghym býginde biz ýshin abstraksiyalyq úghym siyaqty bolyp ketti.
Al, HH ghasyrdaghy Alash tarihy býgingi Tәuelsiz Qazaqstan tarihynyng zandy tamyry ispetti bolyp qala bermek.
Memleket boluymyzdy maqsat tútqan, sol ýshin jandaryn ayamay kýresken Alash joly, Alash qozghalysy, Alash partiyasy men Alashorda tarihy qogham keleshegi ýshin, úrpaq keleshegi ýshin әrqashan manyzdy bolmaq. HH ghasyrdyng basynda qazaqtyng basynan ótken Úly tarihy oqighalardy attap ketuge bolmaytynyn eskertkim keledi.
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