ALMATY. 28 sәuir. QazAqparat /Ádilet Músahaev/ - Biyl Chernobyli elektr stansasynda bolghan apatqa 25 jyl toldy. Osy apatty zalalsyzdandyrugha qazaqstandyqtardyng kóptep atsalysqany  belgili.

Alayda búl júmys adam densaulyghyna keri әser etetindigi de bar. Osy tústa Chernobyli apatyn zalalsyzdandyrushylardyng aghzasyna himiyalyq uly zattardy jibermey, ústap qalatyn respiratordyng dýniyege kelui ýlken janalyq boldy.  Búl qúndy qúraldyng avtory ózimizding otandasymyz ekendigi ýlken maqtanysh.  Himiyalyq zattardy sýzgiden ótkizip, adam aghzasyn ulanudan qorghaytyn respiratordy oilap tapqan ghalym, Qazaqstangha enbek sinirgen qayratker, KSRO-gha enbegi singen ónertapqysh, S.Asfendiyarov atyndaghy Qazaq últtyq medisina uniyversiytetining Ortopediyalyq stomatologiya kafedrasynyng mengerushisi, medisina ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor Sauyrbek Ruzuddinov edi. Ol kisining oilap tapqan qúralynyng mýmkindikteri men erekshelikterin, adam densaulyghyna әserin bilu maqsatynda, sonymen qatar taghy qanday iygi ghylymy janalyqtarmen bóliser eken degen maqsatpen ónertapqyshtyng ózimen súhbattasqan edik.

-   Sauyrbek Ruzuddiynúly, aghzagha himiyalyq uly zattardy jibermey, ústap qalatyn respiratordy oilap tabugha ne týrkti boldy? Osy jayynda aityp berseniz.

ALMATY. 28 sәuir. QazAqparat /Ádilet Músahaev/ - Biyl Chernobyli elektr stansasynda bolghan apatqa 25 jyl toldy. Osy apatty zalalsyzdandyrugha qazaqstandyqtardyng kóptep atsalysqany  belgili.

Alayda búl júmys adam densaulyghyna keri әser etetindigi de bar. Osy tústa Chernobyli apatyn zalalsyzdandyrushylardyng aghzasyna himiyalyq uly zattardy jibermey, ústap qalatyn respiratordyng dýniyege kelui ýlken janalyq boldy.  Búl qúndy qúraldyng avtory ózimizding otandasymyz ekendigi ýlken maqtanysh.  Himiyalyq zattardy sýzgiden ótkizip, adam aghzasyn ulanudan qorghaytyn respiratordy oilap tapqan ghalym, Qazaqstangha enbek sinirgen qayratker, KSRO-gha enbegi singen ónertapqysh, S.Asfendiyarov atyndaghy Qazaq últtyq medisina uniyversiytetining Ortopediyalyq stomatologiya kafedrasynyng mengerushisi, medisina ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor Sauyrbek Ruzuddinov edi. Ol kisining oilap tapqan qúralynyng mýmkindikteri men erekshelikterin, adam densaulyghyna әserin bilu maqsatynda, sonymen qatar taghy qanday iygi ghylymy janalyqtarmen bóliser eken degen maqsatpen ónertapqyshtyng ózimen súhbattasqan edik.

-   Sauyrbek Ruzuddiynúly, aghzagha himiyalyq uly zattardy jibermey, ústap qalatyn respiratordy oilap tabugha ne týrkti boldy? Osy jayynda aityp berseniz.

- 1980 jyldary «Fosfor» zauytyndaghy júmysshylardyng tisteri zaqymdanyp, «fosfornikroz» degen aurugha shaldyghyp, mýgedektikke ainalyp jatty. Sodan «adamdardyng tisterin qalay saqtau kerek?» degen mәsele tudy. Sol kezdegi Qan potologiyasy instituty, Organikalyq kataliz instituty jәne Ghylym akademiyasy ghalymdary kenesip múnday zauytta júmys isteytin qyzmetkerlerding tisterin, ókpesin, jalpy densaulyghyn aman saqtaudyn, emdeuding joldaryn izdestire bastadyq. Sóitip Shymkent qalasyndaghy «Fosfor» zauyty júmysshylarynyng densaulyghyn tekserip, aurudyng neden tuyndaghanyn zerttedik. Nәtiyjesinde zauyttardaghy qyzmetkerlerding aghzasyna ziyandy gazdy jibermey sýzip qalatyn, auyz japqysh, yaghny respirator oilap shyghardyq. Biraz uaqyt ótken song júmysshylar onyng densaulyqqa paydaly ekendigin týsinip, keninen qoldana bastady.

- Zauyt júmysshylary búl qúraldyng densaulyqqa paydasyn sezgennen keyin, oghan degen súranys artty ma?

- Áriyne, 1986 jylghy Chernobyli atom elektr stansasynda bolghan apattan radiaktivti iod kóp bólindi. Búl adam densaulyghyna ziyanyn tiygizdi. Radiaktivti iodtyng kesirinen adamdardyng qalqansha bezderi jarylyp, mert bola bastady. Sodan ghalymdar búl qayshylyqqa qarsy әreket izdedi. «Radiaktivti iodqa ne kedergi bolady?» degen súraq ózekti boldy. Sonda aldynda fosforgha arnap shygharghan otandyq respiratordy qoldanyp kórip edik, ol iodtty 100 payyzgha sýzip qalatyndyghyna kózimiz jetti. Biz jasaghan zertteulerimizding nәtiyjesin Mәskeuge habarladyq. Olar bir týnning ishinde 5 million dana respirator jasap, Chernobylige jetkizdi. Eki kýnnen keyin apat aimaghynda ziyan shekkenderding biz jasaghan «Lepestok V-1» atty respiratordy qoldanghanyn kórdik. Ony halyq «rozovyy lepestok» dep te atap jýrdi. Ol turaly sol kezde medisina salasyndaghy basylymdar da jazyp jatty. Tәjiriybe kórsetkendey, búl respirator tek fosfor siyaqty himiyalyq zattargha emes, radiaktivti zattargha da qarsy túra alatyn qúralgha ainaldy.

- Al býgin búl qúraldy týrli ziyandy zattargha qarsy qoldanu jaghy qalay?

- Japoniyada jer silkinisining saldarynan «Fukasima-1» atom elektr stansasynda apat boldy. Sol aimaqta uly zattardyng taralyp jatqandyghy anyq. Búl jaghdaydy eskerip S.Asfendiyarov atyndaghy Qazaq últtyq medisina uniyversiytetining rektory Ayqan Aqanovqa radiaktivti aimaqta júmys istegende kiuge arnalghan arnayy oilap tapqan qúralymyz bar ekendigin aityp, sony japon eline jetkizsek degen úsynysymdy jetkizdim. Rektor jer silkinisi saldarynan zardap shekken elge kómek qolyn sozyp, oqu orny qyzmetkerlerining bir kýndik jalaqysyn jinap ol elding elshige úsyndy. Sol kezde men respiratordy kórsetip, mýmkindikterin bayandadym. Elshi memleket basshylaryna jetkizetindigin, ózderi baylanysqa shyghatyndyghyn aitty.  Men QR Tótenshe jaghdaylar ministrligine de búl qúraldy habarladym. Ministrlik eger Japoniyadan tapsyrys týsse, mindetti týrde kómek kórsetuge dayyn ekendigimizdi jetkizdi.

- Respirator qalay jasalyndy?

- Dýniyejýzinde paydalanyp jýrgen respirator shan-tozandy, aspandaghy budy ústap qalady. Biz osy respiratordyng betine arnayy himiyalyq zattar qosylghan bir qabat mata qoyamyz. Kelgen qyshqyl zattardy, gazdy himiyalyq zattar ústap qalady, sóitip ziyandy zattar adam aghzasyna ótpeydi. Sondyqtan ol óndiris oryndarynda júmys isteytin adamdardyng densaulyghyna  óte paydaly. 

- Múnday respiratorlar basqa qanday elderde shyghady? Elimizde taralu dengeyi qanday?

- Kenes ókimeti túsynda múnday qúraldardy Tәjikstan respublikasyndaghy Taboshar qalasyndaghy «Zarya Vostok» zauytynda shygharyp túrdy. Keyin әr memleket óz aldyna egemen el bolyp tarap ketkende, búrynghy baylanys ýzilip qaldy. Qazir Shyghys Qazaqstandaghy Serebryansk zauyty onyng núsqasyn shygharyp, ony keninen taratugha mýmkindikteri jetetindikterin aitty. Endigi kezekte elimizdegi ziyandy qaldyqtar shygharatyn zauyttar tapsyrys berse bolghany. 2006 jyly Óskemendegi Titan-Magniy kombinatyna núsqalyq partiyasy berilgen kezde olar tekseris jasap, búl respiratordyng artyqshylyghyna kóz jetkizip, qoldanysqa paydalanugha bolady degen rúqsat qaghaz jibergen.

- Sodan óndiriske shyghyp, qúraldyng taratyluy jaghy qalay boldy?

- Qalalarda, zauyttarda ekologiyagha, adam aghzasyna keri әserin tiygizetin gazdardyn, týtinderdin, ziyandy zattardyng bar ekendigi anyq. Sol orayda  ziyandy zattargha qarsy kýresude búl qúral taptyrmas qúndylyqqa iye. «Magnitogor», «Balhash», «Temirtau» siyaqty qyshqyl gaz shyghatyn óndiris oryndardyng barlyghynda júmys isteytinderge kiydirse, búl ziyandy zattargha toytarys bere alady. Alayda bizge respiratordy shygharyp beruge kelisken Serebryansk zauyty daghdarysqa týsip, ony BTA banki satyp alypty. Men qúral avtory retinde BTA bank basshylaryna habarlasyp, qúraldy shygharyp, halyqqa taratudy aitqan edim. Biraq olar «kiris әkelmese, onyng qajeti joq» degendi aityp shygharyp saldy. Sodan ony shygharu isi toqtap túr. Eger memleket ózi qyzyghushylyq tanytyp, ony shygharugha qúlyq tanytsa, búl respirator bayaghyda Qazaqstangha tarap keter edi. Sony sheshetin adamdargha jete almay jatqan týrimiz bar. Eger arnayy mekemeler «ne istep jatyrsyndar, qúr sóz be, әlde naghyz júmys isteytin qúral ma?» dep súraghan jaghday bolsa, onyng qajetti qúral ekendigin dәleldep bersem degen armanym da bar. Joghary jaq ony óndiriske kirgizbese, bizding qoldan onyng tek sapasyn jogharylatu, mýmkinshilikterin arttyrudan basqa eshtene  kelmeydi. Al ózderiniz bayqaghanday, búl qúraldyng adam aghzasynyng ziyandy zattarmen ulanbauyna ýlken әseri bar.

- Respiratordy qalay qoldanu kerek?

- Ony júmysshy tek bir mezgilde ghana paydalanady, yaghny 6-8 saghatqa jaramdy. Búl respiratordyng bolashaghy zor. Eger ýkimet osy respiratordyng qajettiligin týsinip, ony qoldanysqa engizse, ol óndiris oryndarynda júmys isteytin jәne sonyng manayynda túratyn adamdardyng densaulyghyn saqtaugha kóp septigin tiygizedi. Oghan mening kýmәnim joq. Zauyt ziyandy zat shygharmaydy degenmen onyng ainalasyn kók týtin torlaytyndyghy jasyryn emes.

- Sonda respirator kez kelgen uly zatqa qarsy túra alady ghoy?

- Semey poligonyna baylanysty týsirgen tarihy filimderdi kórseng ishing qynjylady. Raketany jaryp jatsa, júrttyng bәri auyzdaryn ashyp tanghajayyp nәrse kórgendey qarap otyrady. Búl adamdardyng ólimge ózin-ózi iytermelegenimen ten. Eger ol kezde múnday respiratordy qoldanghanda, qanshama halyq aman qalar edi. Medisina salasynda oqyp jýrgende atom bombasy jarylghanda, apat jaghdayynda aldymen «gamma, vetta, alifa» syndy radiaktivti zattar shyghady deytin. Alayda radiaktivti iod, radiaktivti sezis shyghady degen bertin payda bolyp jatyr. Alghash Chernobylide radiaktivti iod degen shyqty. Qazir Fukusimada da elding mәn berip ólshegeni de, qiyndyq kórip jatqany da radiaktivti iod bolyp túr. Eger onday iod kóbeyip ketse, adam denesindegi qalqansha bez isinip jarylady, yaghny adam óledi. Jarylmaghan kýnning ózinde radiaktivti iodtyng kóptiginen onyng qyzmeti búzylady, ol adam denesin ýlken ózgeristerge әkeledi. Al búl ziyandy zattan osy respirator qorghaydy.

- Avto kólikten bólinetin uly gazdargha qanday qauqary bar?

- Avto kólikterden shyghatyn ziyandy qaldyqtardyng sipaty bólek. Olardan neytraldy gaz bólinedi. Ol arnayy zertteudi qajet etedi. Qazir qala әkimi qala auasyn tazartumen kýresip jatyr ghoy. Eger naqty tapsyrma beretin bolsa, ghalymdar 1-2 jylda kólikten shyghatyn gazdy sýzip, ústap qalatyn qúral oilap shyghara alady. Oghan bizding ghalymdardyng pәrmeni de jetedi.

- Uly zattardan qorghaytyn qúraldy ómirge әkelgeninizben qatar taghy qanday ghylymy janalyqtargha múryndyq boldynyz? Mәselen stomatolog retinde qanday janalyq aitasyz?

- Qazir tarihshylarymyz Qazaqstan aumaghyn meken etip kele jatqan adamdardyng tarihy 2 myng jyldyqta jatyr dep aityp jatyr. Sol ras pa? Biz sol halyqtyng úrpaghymyz ba? Mine ony tek tis arqyly biluge bolady. Sebebi myng jyldan keyin adamnyng sýiegi erip ketedi, tek tisi ghana qalady. Sol tisti zertteu arqyly biz sol adamdardyng úrpaghymyz ba jәne ol adamdar nemen auyrdy, qanday em qoldandy sonyng bәrin zertteuge bolady.

Tis dәrigeri bolghannan keyin kóbinde kóne zamanda ómir sýrgen adamdardyng tisine, paydalanghan protezderi qyzyqtyrady. Osydan eki jyl búryn Semey ónirine baryp, Jiydebaydaghy múrajaydan Abay Qúnanbaevtyng tis protezin tauyp aldym. Ol jayynda maghlúmat jinap, maqala da jazdym. Sol kisining tis protezi meni tarihy zattargha kónil bóluge iytermeledi. Biz Altyn adam jasaghan halyqpyz jәne altynnan týrli әshekey, búiymdar jasaghan qazaqpyz. Mine osynday keremet nәrselerdi jasay bilgen halyq, nelikten tis emdeudi bilmedi, nelikten tiske protez salmady degen oida boldym. Sodan QR Bilim jәne ghylym ministrligi Ghylym komiytetinin         Sh. Uәlihanov atyndaghy Tarih jәne etnologiya institutyndaghy akademik Orazaq Ys­maghúlovpen kezdesip, sol jayynda sóilestim. Ol kisi 60 jyldyq enbeginde elimizding birde bir dәrigeri kelip, búrynghy qazaqtar nemen auyrdy dep súraghanyn birinshi ret kórip túrghandyghyn jetkizdi. Qazir sol kisimen birlesip etno adantologiya ghylymy júmysyn jýrgizsek degen oidamyz.

Orazaq Ys­maghúlov: «Qanshama qazba júmystarynda júmys istegenimen, tis protezderin kórgen joqpyn, biraq oghan kónil bólmeuim de mýmkin. Eger óziniz qarasanyz mýmkin ajyrata alarsyz», - degen oilar aitty. Óz basym qolóneri damyghan, baghaly metaldardy iygere bilgen halyqta tis protezderi bolghan joq degenge senbeymin.

Mәselen Faraondardyn, Rim imperiyasy túsyndaghy auqatty adamdardyng qanday tis protezin salghanyn bilemin. Mysaly kóne Gresiyanyng túsynda b.e.d 3 myng jyl búryn Sidon degen memleket bolghan. Sondaghy adamdar zaqymdanghan tisting ornyn altyn symmen baylaghan. Mәselen, sýiekti adam tisine úqsas qylyp jasaydy da, ony altyn symmen basqa tisterge bekitip qoyghan.

- Abaydyng tis protezin tauyp aldym dediniz, qanday tújyrymdargha kelip otyrsyz?

- Mening payymdauymsha, tis protezin Abay 1885-1890 jyldary saldyrghan. Ol búl protezdi Semeyge baryp, bir ógizin berip saldyrghan eken. Qazir ortalyq múrajaydan «sol protezdi kim saldy?» degen súraqqa dәrigerdi izdestirip jatyrmyn. 1860 jyldan bastap Semeyde Reseyden kelgen ýsh dәriger júmys istepti. Onyng biri әiel bolsa, ekeui er adam bolghan eken. Ol kisi protezin әieline tastaghan, keyin Kәmila degen kelinine berilip, ol 1944 jyly sol múrajaygha óz qolymen ótkizgen.

- Otandyq ghylymy janalyqtardyng tәjiriybege enu jaghy, ghylymy janalyqtar dengeyi  qanday dep oilaysyz?

- Bizdegi ghalymdardyng enbegi, janalyghy qolgha alynbay, tәjiriybege enbey jatady. Eger onday janalyqty shetelde oilap tapsa, bizdikiler oghan qyzyghushylyq tanytady. Otandyq ghalymdar oilap tapqan janalyghyn anaghan bir, mynaghan bir baryp maqtap kórsetip jatsa da oghan eshkim dúrys mәn bermeydi. Búryn ghylymmen ainalysqan adamdar bolashaghynan ýmit kýtetin jәne senetin. Býgin bolmasa, erteng enbegi aqtalatyndyghyn biletin. Qazirgi jastar ghylymgha býgin kelse, erteng ol nәtiyjege qol jetkizu kerek, odan arghy kýni qyzmetke alu kerek degen maqsat qoyady. Eger ol maqsatyna tez arada qol jetkize almasa, ghylymgha degen qyzyghushylyghy tómendeydi. Búl naryq zamanynyng keri әseri dese bolady. Búryn ghylymy júmysta bir taqyrypty alyp, ony  20 jylday jalghastyryp, zertteytin. Sóitip sonyng shynayyna jetetin, әri ol naqty, aiqyn enbek bolyp shyghatyn. Qazir biz sonday ghylymy mektepterdi qúra almay jatyrmyz dep oilaymyn. Mәselen, bir taqyryppen 40 jylday ainalysyp, jetistikke jetseng әlemdik dengeydegi ghylym sol dep oilaymyn.

- Ángimenizge rahmet!