Múzdauan-Mergenbay
Asu bermes Múzdauan. HH ghasyrdyng basynda týsirilgen suret
«Núr Otan» partiyasy jariyalaghan «Úly dala» respublikalyq shygharmashylyq konkursy óz mәresine jetti. Atalghan bәigege Abai.kz aqparattyq portalynyng Bas redaktory Qanat Ábilqayyr qatysyp, «Publisistika» nominasiyasy boyynsha jýldeli ekinshi oryndy jenip aldy. Biz әriptesimizdi kezekti jenisimen qúttyqtay otyryp, jýlde alghan «Múzdauan-Mergenbay» atty essesin oqyrman nazaryna úsynamyz!
Abai.kz aqparattyq portaly
(ghúmyrbayandyq esse)
Mergenbay Jamankózúlynyng
tughanyna 135 jyl toluyna oray
Úly dalanyng eng biyik nýktesi Han-Tәniri manyndaghy Múzdauannyng qoynauy tolghan adam sýiegi...
Qysta sol Múzdauannyng qar-múzy jýzin jasyrghan, jazda qasat qar jipsigende beti ashyq qalatyn kóp qanqa kimdiki?
Ol – mening babalarym, ol – mening analarym... Babalarym men analarymdy ghana emes, besiktegi balany da, qalt-qúlt etken shal-kempirdi de Múzdauan jútqan.
Joq, qatelesesiz! Ol sansyz halyqty qynaday qyrghan Múzdauan emes – Kenes ýkimeti. Qyzylkóz kommunisterding shengel-iydeologiyasynan qashqan qazaq Múzdauannyng qoltyghyna tyghyldy. Qormaly joq qara halyqty qyzyl jendetter qyryp saldy.
Osydan bar bolghany 90 jyl búryn kenestik totalitarlyq noqtagha basy syimay, Qytaygha qashqan myndaghan qazaqtyng shashylghan sol sýiegining qúnyn súraushy bar ma, býginde?!.
Álqissa...
Qosh! Ótkenning qúnyn daulaushy, keyingi úrpaqqa keshegi qanqúily jyldardyng tauqymetin úqtyrushy basqa emes, sol ólkening resmy biyligi hәm óz azamattary bolugha tiyis-ti. Shekara ótinde myndap qyrylghan qazaqty zaualdan arashalap almaq bolghan batyrlar turaly ýzdiksiz izdenis jasap, tasqa qashau da aldymen Narynqoldan bastaluy kerek edi.
Biraq... Biraq eski seng әli búzylmapty. 2018 jyldyng 17 qarashasynda Almaty oblysy Rayymbek audanynyng «Han-Tәniri» gazetinde qazaqtyng basyna әngirtayaq oinatyp, qynaday qyrghan A.K.Volosevich, V.IY.Petrov, V.V.Saenkolardy – erjýrek batyr, olargha toytarys bergen Mergenbay Jamankózúlyn qaraqshy atandyrghan maqala jariya bolyp kete jazdady.
«Han-Tәniri» gazetining Facebook paraqshasynda jariyalanghan mәtin
Altay men Atyraudyng arasyndaghy qazaqtyng úlanghayyr Úly dalasy Preziydent maqalasynyng mәnin úghyp, «Ruhany janghyryp» jatqanda ruhany túrghyda týley almay otyrghan gazetke de, ony jazghan avtorlargha da der kezinde qarsylyq kórsettik. Baspada basylghaly túrghan gazet týzetildi. Basylym halyqtan keshirim súrady.
Osy bir úyatty oqighadan keyin sanagha singen kenestik iydeologiyadan әli de azat bola almay otyrghanymyzdy angharyp, júrtty sәl de bolsa «ruhany janghyrtu» ýshin Múzdauanda sheyit ketken myndaghan qazaq, sol qazaqty qútqaru jolynda shybyn janyn shýberekke týiip, qanmaydangha kirgen batyr Mergenbay haqynda ózim biletin biraz jaydy jazbasam bolmaytynyn úqtym.
Obelisk-mazar haqynda...
«Han-Tәniri» gazetinde jazylghan Volosevichting mazaryn bala kezden kórip óstim (tómendegi surette). Shaghyn ghana eskertkishting topyraghyn qopsytyp, ay sayyn qorshauyn sylap-boyau shekara beketi әskerlerining mindeti ispetti edi. Tas belgining basynda bes júldyzdy temir túratyn. Azattyq alghangha deyin ol bes júldyz qyzyl týske boyalatyn. Tәuelsizdikten keyin ol kók týsti bes júldyzgha ainaldy (songhy jyldary qaytadan qyzylgha boyalyp jýr). Bar ózgeris – osy. Bizding eldegi Últtyq qauipsizdik komiytetine baghynyshty Shekara qyzmeti salasy ruhany túrghyda týsti ózgertip qana týledi.
Kenes kezindegi obelisk
Eskertkish tastyng qazirgi sureti
Tipti, osy bir mazardy qasterlep, qúrmet kórsetu әli de toqtaghan joq.
Men búryn әkemnen:
– Búl kimning mazary? – dep súraushy edim.
– Bayaghyda Qytaygha qashqan eldi ayausyz qyrghan zastavanyng basshysy bolypty. Sony Mergenbay batyr ebin tauyp jer jastandyrghan eken, – deytin ol (Volosevichting qaza tabuy turaly tarihty keyinirek jazatyn bolamyz).
Men sodan beri Mergenbay batyr jayynda aitylghan әr anyzgha qúlaghymdy týre jýretin boldym. Keyinnen klassik jazushy Berdibek Soqpaqbaevtyng Mergenbay turaly roman jazu ýshin el-auzyndaghy anyz әngimelerdi jighanyn estip, batyr túlghasyna degen qyzyghushylyghym tipti artty. Kenestik jýie bolmaghanda Berdibek ol romanyn sózsiz jazar edi. Ol roman qaghazgha týsse, býgin aramter bolyp búl jazbany shimaylamas edim. Qosh!
Mergenbaydyng esimining qoyylu tarihy
Berdibekting roman arnaghysy kelgen qay Mergenbay? Tarihtan az-kem habary bar adam osy súraqty tóte qoyary anyq.
Han-Tәniri ónirinde Alashqa aty mәlim eki Mergenbay ómir sýrdi. Biri bolys, kýishi – Mergenbay Erdeneúly. Ol – toghyz әiel alyp, úrpaghy ruly elge ainalghan, qalmaqpen de, qyrghyzben de shayqasyp, batyrlyghymen artynan qily anyz ertken túlgha.
Ekinshisi – biz sóz etip otyrghan Mergenbay Jamankózúly. Berdibekting tandauy Mergenbay Jamankózúlyna týskeni anyq. Óitkeni, jazushy aghamyz Jamankózúly Mergenbaydyng erlikterin kózben kórgen qanshama aghayynmen tanys-bilis boldy.
Elding aituyna qaraghanda Mergenbay batyr dýniyege kelerde (1884 jyl) Jamankózding әielin birneshe kýn tolghaq qysyp, qatty qinalsa kerek. Sol kýnderi jolaushylap Jamankóz auylyna Mergenbay Erdeneúly kelipti. Ejelgining saltymen batyr tolghaq qysqan әiel jatqan ýiding syrtynan qamshymen «shyq, shyqtap» alastaghanda shekesi torsyqtay úl tuypty-mys.
El «batyrdyng qasiyetining arqasynda aman-esen dýniyege keldi» dep qyzyl-shaqa sәbiyge yrymdap Mergenbay degen at qoyghan. Júrttyng tileuin Qúday berip, Mergenbaydyng aty bala kezinen-aq el auzyna iligedi.
Ostashkinning marapaty
«Bala kezden aty shyqty» degendi dәleldeu ýshin myna bir derekti algha tartamyz. El auzynda Saryjaz әskery komendaturasynyng basshysy Shaldinmen Mergenbaydyng qalay tanysqany jóninde anyz saqtalghan.
Mergenbay baghyp jýrgen jylqysyn sugharu ýshin taudan Qaqpaq ózenine týsedi-mis. Ózenge kelse, qos at jekken arba su ishinde qayrandap túr eken. 4-5 qyzyl әsker atty arbany sudan shyghara almay, әbigerlenip jatady. Mergenbay ózenge týsedi de, beluardan sugha batqan arbany iyterip jaghagha shygharady. Qyzyl әskerding komandiyri dala qazaghynyng joyqyn kýshine tamsanyp: «Mynau naghyz batyr eken» dep arqasynan qaghady.
Shaldin men Mergenbay osy oqighadan keyin tós qaghystyryp, dos bolypty. Shaldin Mergenbaydy otryad komandiyri etip, shekara qorghau qyzmetine alypty.
Anyz týbi – aqiqat. «Halyq aitsa, qalt aitpaydy»... Biraq, sol «aqiqattyn» naq sipaty qanday?
Mergenbaydyng Vladimir lentasy hәm kýmis medalimen marapattalghany turaly qújat (44-qor. 1 tizbe, 1735-is, 17 paraq. Derek tarihshy R. Orazovtyng jeke qorynan alyndy).
Bizding biluimizshe sugha ketken arbany qútqaru erligin Mergenbay Jamankózúly 19 jasynda, yaghny 1903 jyly Aq Patsha taqtan taymay túryp jasaghan. Patsha әskeri bolystyqtardyng qújatyn arbagha tiyep, Jarkentke apara jatqan kezde Qaqpaq ózenining suy tasyp, ótkel bermeydi. «Sudan arbany ótkizemiz» dep jýrip, әskeriyler qaza tabady. Patsha әskerine Dýishe Súltanov (qyrghyz) pen Mergenbay Jamankózov kómektesip, memlekettik manyzy bar qújattardy ózennen aman-esen ótkizip beredi.
Osy erligi ýshin Jetisu oblysy әskery viyse-gubernatorynyng jarlyghymen Mergenbay Jamankózúly marapatqa úsynylady.
Mergenbaydy marapatqa úsynghan viyse-gubernator Pavel Petrovich Ostashkiyn
Ostashkinning qoly qoyylghan osy marapat Mergenbaygha tiygen song (Mergenbaygha marapatpen qosa aty-jóni jazylghan besatar myltyq tartu etilgen), el ony «batyr» atap ketken.
Búl oqighany el anyzgha ainaldyryp, Kenestik kezende bolghanday etip ózgertip jibergen. Kenes ýkimeti Narynqolgha ornaghan 1918-1920 jyldarda Mergenbay batyrdyng ataghy alty qyrdan ary asyp, esimi estilse, qalmaqtyng jylaghan balasy (búl tústa týrli barymta shayqastary bolyp túrghany belgili) uanatyn uaqyt edi. Shaldinning arqadan qaghuyna batyr ol kezde múqtaj emes bolatyn. Kenes Ýkimeti Narynqolgha tuyn tikken tústa Mergenbay Han-Tәnirding kókjalyna ainalyp, eldi uysynda ústap túrdy.
Biraq, anyzdyng jalpy súlbasy men derektik qújat arasy tym alshaq emes. Ekeuinde de arba sugha ketken, ekeuinde de batyr atanghany aitylady. Biz arhivtik derekke sýienip, anyzdy aqiqatqa ainaldyryp otyrmyz.
Shirkeudegi mazaq
Qaytadan Patsha uaghyna oralayyq... Janbolat Auypbaev aghamyzdyng «Tyani-Shannyng kovboyy» atty әigili maqalasy bar. Sol maqalada aitylghan jaydyng súlbasy mynau (bizding núsqa boyynsha)...
1872 jyldan bastap Reseyden qazaq jerin otarlau ýshin kelgen qarashekpen orystar qúiqaly jer Narynqolgha «Ohotnichiy» atty bekinis salyp, ornyghady. 1904-1906 jyldargha taman qaruly orystar kýsheyip, bekinis manyna jaqyndaghan, ózennen su almaq bolghan qazaqtardy atyp tastaytyn oqighalar bolghan. Otarlaushylardyng zorlyq-zombylyghyna shydamaghan qazaqtar Úzaq (Sauryqúly) batyrgha shaghymdana bastaydy.
Úzaq batyr aqsaqaldarmen aqyldasyp, orystardy jónge saludy Mergenbaygha tapsyrady. Kóp bolyp kýsh kórsetse, Vernyy (Almaty) men Prjevaliskiden (Qaraqol) jazalaushy otryad shyghyp, el qyryluy mýmkin. Sondyqtan da, «el ishindegi bir tentekting sotqarlyghy» dep aqtalu ýshin de óte manyzdy operasiyany Mergenbay jalghyz ózi jasaugha bekiydi.
Mergenbay batyr Pasha meyramy kýni (orystardyng bәri shirkeuge jinalghan bolatyn) eki oq shygharyp shirkeuding aghash-kresining byt-shytyn shygharady da, toghaygha kirip, kózden ghayyp bolady. Qaydaghy bir «basurmannyn» osynshalyq basynghanyna orystar namystanyp, ertesi qazaqtardy jazalau ýshin joryqqa attanbaq bolady.
«Joryq aldynda qúlshylyq etemiz» dep otyz shaqty әsker shirkeuge kirgende jaqyn manda andyp jýrgen Mergenbay mamaghashta baylauly túrghan attardyng shylbyryn kezdikpen qiyp, qalyng jylqyny ótkelge qaray dýrkirete aiday jóneledi.
Mergenbay batyrdyng aghash-kresti atyp týsirgen shirkeu osy... Búl shirkeu keyinnen órtenip ketken.
Shirkeu tóbesindegi kresti atyp týsiru… Joryqqa minetin attardy er-túrmanymen aidap әketu… Osynyng bәrin istep jýrgen bir ghana «dikari»… Al olardyng múnda 10-y nemese 20-sy kelse ne bolmaq? Osyny oilaghan orystar qazaqqa jónsiz soqtyghudy qoyghan eken.
Sibe-qalmaqtarmen shayqas
Mergenbay tekshesi
Mergenbay Jamankózúly turaly hikayagha bergisiz әngimeler óte kóp. Sonyng bir-ekeuin ghana tilge tiyek etsek...
Birinshisi. Batyrdyng angdy ýngirine ayaghyn tyghyp ashulandyryp, syrtqa shyqpaq bolghan jyrtqyshty bir oqpen jayratyp salghany aitylady. Osy oqighadan keyin batyrdyng anggha atqan oq dәrisi shashyrap, beti shybarlanyp qalghan eken-mis.
Ekinshisi. Bir kýni Úzaq batyrdyn 600 jylqysyn barymtagha kelgen sibe-qalmaq aidap ketedi. Barymtashylar otyz shaqty adam eken. Bәri múzday qarulanghan. Úzaq batyr jylqyny qalmaqtar әketkenin Mergenbaygha habarlaydy. Mergenbay qasyna bar bolghany eki jigit ertip, qalmaq barymtashylaryn Asutórden kýtip alady.
«Bayynqoldan órlep qashqan qalmaqty jayratasyn» dep tau shatqalyna Asaubekti, «enis jaghalaghandy tosyp alasyn» dep Toyghúlyny taugha bekindirip, ózi sibelerdi qaq aldynan tosyp alady.
Barymtashylar Mergenbaydyng tosqauylyn búza almay qyzyl-ala qangha boyalady. Otyz barymtashydan birnesheui ghana qútylyp ketse kerek...
Qashqargha qashqan qazaqty týgendeu oqighasy
Mergenbay memlekettik qújattardy sudan aman ótkizip aty bir shyqty. Artynsha shirkeudegi oirany arqyly zorlyq-zombylyq kórsetken otarlaushylardy rayynan qaytaryp el ishindegi abyroyy tipti aspandap ketti. Búghan aydy atqany men qalmaqtyng qalyng әskerin jayratyp salghan oqighasyn qosynyz...
Qarqara jәrmenkesi, 1903 jyl
El auzyndaghy әngimege qaraghanda, Mergenbay Jamankózúly 1916 jylgha deyin Qarqaradaghy jәrmenkede sauda-sattyq istegen qazaqtyng qúqyghyn qorghaghan. Apiyn, qaru sekildi tiym salynghan saudany óz baqylauynda ústaghan. Qalmaq, qyrghyz, qazaq arasyndaghy barymta shayqastaryna qatysyp, әbjildigimen kózge týsip danqy alysqa jayylghan.
Biraq, 1916 jylghy Qarqara kóterilisine qatysqany turaly derekter әli ashylghan joq. Oghan Mergenbaydyng «bandy» atanyp, 70 jyl esimining aityluyna tiym salynghany sebep bolsa kerek. Múnyng syrtynda Mergenbay әli kýnge qughyn-sýrgin qúrbany retinde tolyq aqtalmady.
1916 jylghy kóterilisten keyin Han-Tәniri baurayyndaghy el ýrkip, týp qotaryla Qytay asty. Sol Ýrkinde eldi arghy betke Mergenbay bastaghan qazaq batyrlary alyp ótti. 1918-1919 jyldarda Oraz Jandosov pen Túrar Rysqúlovtardyng bastamasymen Qytay memleketine súrau salynyp, kóshken eldi Kenes ýkimeti qayta qaytaryp aldy.
Mergenbay osy kósh kezinde taghy kózge týsedi. «Qash-qashta» (Ýrkindi el osylay da ataghan) Shynjandy bylay qoyyp, Qashqar asyp ketken aghayyndy kóshirip әkelu ýshin ayanbay ter tókti.
Taghy da anyzgha kezek bereyik.
1916 jyldaghy kóterilisten keyin biraz el ýrkip, Qashqargha bir-aq asqan eken. Ol júrtty týgendep keri qaytaru Mergenbay bastaghan batyrlargha tapsyrylady. Osy saparynda Mergenbay ainaldyrghan eki-ýsh jyldyng ishinde Qashqardaghy qandastardyng sart bolyp ketkenine tang qalady. Elge qaytar kezde qazaqtar qoyyndaryna appaq nandy tyghyp jatsa kerek. Batyr «Ony ne isteysinder?» dep súrasa: «Elde mynanday appaq nan bar ma?» dep ózine qayyra súraq qoyady eken. «Qara talqan jeseng de, ólmeysin» depti sonda Mergenbay.
Mergenbay Qashqargha Kenes ýkimetining tapsyrmasymen bardy. Sodan bastap, batyrdyng kenestik jýiege qyzmet ete bastaghanyn angharugha bolady.
Mergenbay túrghan ýiding qysqasha tarihy
1919 jyly «Aqgvardiyashylar» Narynqolda Kenes ókimetin qúlatady. 1920 jyldyng jazynda jergilikti halyqtan qúralghan Mergenbay jasaghy Bayynqol angharyndaghy Taldysaydyng auzynda 300-dey aqtardyng «atty eskadronyn» qorshaugha alyp, joyyp jiberedi. Osy shayqasta Qojeke Jarylqasynúly, Orazymbet Qazybekov, Qúdaybersin Jaughashev, Jazylbek Seribaev, t.b batyrlar erlik kórsetedi.
Saryjazdaghy Mergenbay batyr bir jyl túrghan ýi
Batyrdyng tuystarynyng aituynsha, Mergenbay óz qolymen aqtar qúlatqan qyzyldar ýkimetin qayta ornatty. Bәibishesi Jәmiylә Qorjynbayqyzyn Almatygha audan atynan deputat etip, delegattyqqa jiberip (әiel tendigi sayasaty beleng alghan kezen), artynsha OGPU-gha qyzmetke alyndy. Sóitip, Saryjaz әskery komendaturasynda otryad komandiyri qyzmetin atqardy. Sol tústa әskery komendaturanyng kensesi bolghan tarihy ghimaratta (surette) otbasymen birge bir jyl túrghan.
(Mergenbayday batyrdyng izi qalghan búl ýiding keyingi tarihynan az-kem aqparat bere ketsek. 1990 jyldargha deyin búl ghimarat psihologiyalyq auytquy bar adamdardy emdeytin ortalyq (jyndyhana) boldy. Tarihshy Bekmahanov qughyngha týsip, Narynqolgha jiberilu sebebi bar. Eger tarihshy minez kórsetip, baghynbaudy bastasa, ghalymdy osy jyndyhanagha ótkizu jospary bolghan. Yaghni, búl ghimaratta totalitarlyq jýiege qarsy qazaqtyng qanshama ózgeshe oilaytyn azamattary jatqan boluy mýmkin).
Saqaymaytyn auru...
«Halyqty tendikke jetkizedi» degen Kenes ókimetining pighyly ózgerdi. Kil jalanayaq kedeyler «Batyraq» úiymyn qúryp, «Bay-qúlaq» dep óz aghayynyn Itjekkenge aidatatyn zaman tudy. Qolynda azyn-aulaq maly bar azamattar jappay tútqyndala bastady. Búl jayttar batyrgha onay tiygen joq.
Elding auzyndaghy әngimege qaraghanda, Mergenbay óz qolymen ornatqan ókimeti el ishin býldirip, býlinshilik jasap jatqasyn bar kýshin jazyqsyz eldi qútqarugha júmyldyrady.
Mәselen, Uәlibay degen aghayynyna bir tәulik ishinde 6 sentner jýn salyghy salynghan. Uәlibay «bar qoyymdy soyyp, etin ózdering alyp, jýnin júlyp berinder» dep elge sauyn aitady. Bir tәulikte múnday jýndi tabu onay sharua emes. Mergenbay júrtty úiymdastyryp, kórpelerin sógip, aitylghan búiryqty uaqytynda oryndatqyzady. Artynsha nemere inisi Qúlataygha on tonna et ótkizu ýkimi shygharylady. Mergenbay taghy elding kómegimen salyqty keshiktirmey tóleydi. Uәlibay men Qúlataydy qyzyl әsker sapynda jýrgen Mergenbaydyng qútqaruy «batyraqtardyn» biylik oryndaryna aryz jaudyruyna sep boldy.
Batyraqtar «Mergenbay bay-qúlaqtyng jaqtaushysy bolyp ketti» dep jogharghy jaqqa aryz jaudyryp jatqanda Mergenbay nauqastanghan qyzyn Narynqoldaghy dәrigerge aparyp, óz otbasynyng qamymen jýrgen edi.
Elding pighylyn óz adamdary arqyly estip: «Bizding el saqaymaytyn aurugha dushar bolypty» degen әigili sózin aitady.
«Qyzym jazylsa – batysqa kóshemin, jazylmasa – shyghysqa kóshemin» degen naqyl sózi de osy kýnderde auzynan shyghyp, býkil elge taraydy.
«Aspan asty – quys. Jan kýiitteuden basqa qayran joq» degen tәmsili de el arasyna tarap ketti.
Úzaq batyrdyng aghayyndary qúda týsken qyzy kóz júmghan son, Mergenbay tau-tasty panalap, eldi Qytay asyrugha qamdana bastaydy. Osy tek qamdanudyng ózi 18 adamnyng sheyit ketuimen ayaqtalghan.
El ishinde aitylatyn әngimelerding nobayy osynday...
«Mergenbay Jantay bandysynyng adamy»...
Endi Shaldinning Mergenbaydy qyzmetke qalay alghany turaly aitqanyna (orys jazushysy Oleg Muhinning deregine sýienip) kezek bereyik.
Mergenbay bastapqyda shekara әskerining jylqysyn qaraushy bolyp ornalasady. Shaldinge jergilikti biylik ótinish jasap «Mergenbay búryn bir baydyng jylqysyn baqqan adam» dep komotryadqa qyzmetke túruyn súraydy. Shaldin jergilikti biylikting aitqanyna kónip, Mergenbaydyng qolyna qaru berip, komotryadqa alady. Batyr shekarashy qyzmetin óte jaqsy atqarady.
Osy tústa OGPU tynshylary Mergenbaydy qyrghyz batyry (bandysy) Jantay Omanovtyng (Jantay Omanovtyng qyzy Mergenbay batyrdyng әieli bolghan) tynshysy ekenin, qyzyl әskerding barlyq josparyn aldyn-ala bandylargha habarlap kelgenin anyqtaydy. Jantay Omanovtyng әskeri Narynqoldaghy zastavagha basyp kirgende, Mergenbay kýzetshining kózin joyyp, bandylardyng әskery beketti basyp aluyna jaghday jasamaq bolghan-mys.
OGPU-dyng jendetteri tútqyndaugha shyqqanyn bilip, Mergenbay taugha jasyrynady.
Shaldin qatang sógis alyp, búrynghy enbegi eskerilip, qyzmetinde qaldyrylady.
Jantay Omanov «bandysy» birneshe toptan qúralghan edi. Olar bir uaqytta birneshe jerde shabuylgha shygha alatyn. Mergenbay shekara zastavalaryndaghy ishki jaghdaydy, kýzetting qay mezgilde auysyp, әsker qay uaqytta demalatynyn jaqsy biletin. Sondyqtan da, qyzyldargha Mergenbay toby eng qauipti jau boldy. Osylaysha, búryn «keremet iz kesushi», «komotryadtyng tandauly jolbasshysy», «kenes qyzyl әskerlerining senimdi serigi» dep dәriptelgen Mergenbay bir-aq kýnde «bandy» atanyp shygha keldi.
Muhinning kitabyndaghy jayt bizge biraz tyng derekting betin ashty. Biraq, sol zamannyng ynghayyna qaray birjaqty jazylghan jaydyng ras-ótirigin anyqtau bizding mindet emes. Dese de, osy jerde Kódek aqynnyng Mergenbaygha arnaghan dauysynda (joqtauynda):
«Qyrghyzda Jaqsylyq pen Jantay batyr,
Solardyng qyzy edi bir qatynyn-ay!» delinetinin oqyrman esine sala ketkimiz keledi.
Shiytim oqighasy
1929 jyly Mergenbay batyr Ýlken Qaqpaq shatqalyndaghy qazir Shiytim say atalatyn taugha bekinip, býkil eldi Qytay asyrmaqqa dayyndalyp jatty. Bir kýni Mergenbaydyng Qyrghyz jerine sauda jasaugha jibergen adamdary kelip, әkelgen zattardy kóruge býkil tuys bir kiyiz ýige jinalady. Syrtaghy qarauyldary da oryndaryn tastap, ýige kiredi.
Osynday ontayly sәtti kýtip jýrgen orys әskeri tútqiyldan shabuyl jasap, kiyiz ýiding syrtynan oq jaudyrady. Mergenbay batyr aldymen keregeni kóterip jiberip, tomarshany qoyady da, ishtegi adamdardyng shyghuyna kómektesetedi. Sosyn ózi dereu qaraghaydy panalap, әskerge toytarys berip, atqylay bastaydy (Keybir derekter búl qyrghyn kezinde Mergenbaydyng basqa jaqta bolghanyn aitady). Mergenbaydyng ózi de bar ekenin bilgen qyzyldyng soldattary sheginip ketedi.
Shiytim qyrghyny qúrbandaryna qoyylghan eskertkish tas
Shiytim oqighasynda 18 adam kóz júmdy. Onyng jeteui – shiyittey kýnәsiz sәbiyler bolatyn. Qaza bolghandardyng ishinde Mergenbaydyng әkesi Jamankóz (El Jamankózdi qasiyetti kisi bolghan desedi. Ol eger malgha, yaky adamgha tura qarasa, til tartpay ketedi-mis. Sondyqtan da azan shaqyryp qoyghan Janbolat aty úmytylyp, Jamankóz atalyp ketipti) de bar edi.
Sonymen birge Shiytim degen ana qyzymen birge oqqa úshqan. Shiytim ana qyzyn kóterip, kiyiz ýiden aman shyghady da, qashyp taudyng angharyna jetedi. Qyzyl әsker quyp baryp, sәbiyin kótere qashqan anany (qyzymen birge) atyp óltiredi. Eki kýn boyy qansyrap jatyp, kóz júmghan ananyng ajalynan keyin ol jer «Shiytim sayy» atalyp ketken.
Osy qyrghynda Mergenbay batyr әkesi Jamankóz ben tuysy Shiytim anadan bólek tughan bauyry Nesipbek, aghasy Bazarbaydyng úly Ramazan sekildi et jaqyndarynan aiyryldy.
«Músylman balasyna oq shygharghan joqpyn!»
El arasynda Mergenbay batyrdyng qanday jaghday bolmasyn qazaq balasyna myltyq kezemegeni anyz bolyp aitylady. Ózi de serikterine «Músylman balasyna oq shygharghan joqpyn» dep ósiyet aityp otyrady eken. Oghan bir dәlel keltirsek...
Belgili publisist Mәken Áliasqarúlynyng «Zamana zardaby» atty kitaby bar. Sol kitapta Shiytim oqighasynan keyingi jaylar bayandalady.
Júrt «Shiytimdegi jasyrynghan júrtty qyzyl әskerge habarlady» dep Ábilqasym Aqymjanovtan (Ábilqasymnyng jaularynyng taratqan qaueseti. Aqymjanov Partiyanyng búiryghymen shekara aspaq bolghan eldi rayynan qaytaru maqsatynda ýgit jýrgizgen. Keyinnen «Halyq jauy» dep aiyptalyp, Sibirge jer audarylghan. Mergenbay bastaghan kóshterdi Qytaygha ótkizip jiberuge astyrtyn kómek bergen túlgha) ósh almaq ýshin Ashyly Qaqpaqqa attanady.
Múny esty sala Mergenbay «Olar týs aua jetkenshe, Ábilqasymdy ózim-aq jaylap qoyamyn. Jaman laqtyng qanyna qanshang qol bylghamaqshysyndar» deydi de atqa minedi.
Mergenbay elden búryn kelip: «Jaman bala, seni ajalgha qimaymyn» dep Ábilqasymdy qaraghaygha shygharyp jiberip, ózi qorghap qalady.
Osy jayttan-aq Mergenbaydyng kinәli bolsyn, kinәli bolmasyn óz qanyna oq shygharmaghanyn angharamyz.
Búghan dәlel retinde 1984 jyly «Qazaqfilim» týsirgen «Aqyrghy amanat» filimindegi Oraz mergenning (El sol kinodaghy Oraz mergenning prototiypi Mergenbay ekenin aitady) qyzyl әskerdegi qazaq jigiti men bir orysty tiri qaldyratyn sujetinen de bayqaugha bolady. Sol kinodaghy otryadtyng bastyghy rólin somdaghan qazaq jigiti bir diologynda Oraz mergenning qolyna týskenin, ony da bosatyp jibergenin aitady.
Múnyng bәri tegin emes bolsa kerek.
«Orys tasqa atady, Mergenbay basqa atady»...
Mergenbay Jamankózúly Shiytim oqighasynan keyin eldi týp qopara Qytay asyrugha birjola bekinedi. Shekara kýzetken qyzyldardyng әskerine toytarys berip, az uaqytta әrqaysysynda 250-300 otbasy bar birneshe kóshti aman-esen Qytay jerine erulep ýlgeredi.
Qytaydyng shekarasyn kýzetken qalmaq-sibe әskerlerimen beybit kelisimge kelip, myltyqtyng auzyn jalap, serttesedi. Bastapqyda qalmaqtar kóshti jasqap, aspangha ghana oq jaudyryp, eldi shekaradan ótkizbeuge bar kýshin salyp jatqanday synay tanytatyn. Kóshti bastaghan Mergenbay jasaghy da oqty ayamay aspangha atyp, qyzyldardyng kózin aldaytyn.
Keyinnen qalmaqtar kóshti tonaugha qúnyghyp, sertti búzdy.
Qytaygha qashqan el «Orys tasqa atady, Mergenbay basqa atady» (Kódek aqynnyng óleninde de «Orystyng tasqa, Mergenbaydyng basqa atatyny» jazylghan) dep auyzdan-auyzgha anyz taratyp, Mergenbaydyng túlghasyn asqaqtatyp, qyzyldardyng qauqarsyzdyghyn әigilep jatty.
Tarihshy Dosym Zikiriya atasynan estigen Shoghansayda bolghan bir shayqas turaly bylay deydi. «Artymyzdan qyzyldyng әskeri týsti. Alayda, bizding kóshte әkeli-balaly eki mergen bolyp edi. Atqan oqtary qúr ketpeytin, kózdegenin qaghyp týsiretin asqan ónerli eken. Kezenge bekinip túryp ekeui myltyqtaryn bir-birden bosatqanda artymyzgha týsken әskerding birtalayy jer qúshty. Sodan qaytyp olar bizge bettey almady. Al, Qytay jerine ótkende kóshti talaugha kelgen sibelerding de birazyn jusatyp salyp, eldi aman alyp qaldy»...
Búl әkeli-balaly mergender Mergenbaydyng sarbazdary ekeni anyq.
Mergenbaydyng bauyrlaryn órteu hәm eldi kýshtep kóshiru oqighasy
Shiytim oqighasynan son, Merenbaygha sheginer jol qalmady. Ol býkil halyqty týp qotara Qytaygha asyryp ketu maqsatymen qazaq jigitterinen jasaq qúrdy. Óz bauyrlary Bazarbay, Bazarqúl, Toyghúlylar mergendigimen shayqastarda kózge týsip, qyzyl әskerding betin qaytarar әskerbasylargha ainalyp shygha keldi.
Qyzyldar qazaq batyrlaryn soghysyp jene almasyn bilgen son, olardy astyrtyn jon әreketimen әlektene bastaydy.
Eldi kóshiru ýshin Mergenbaydyng eki aghasy Bazarbay men Bazarqúl bastaghan batyrlar Tóte asuynda otyrghan elge kelip, bir ýide tynyghyp úiyqtap jatqanda andyp jýrgen qyzyl әsker ýiding syrtynan ot qoyyp, batyrdyng eki aghasyn órtep jiberedi.
1916 jylghy kóteriliste babalarymyz ústaghan qaru-jaraq. Mergenbay jasaghynyng da osynday qarularlary bolghan.
Shiytimdegi qyrghyn men bauyrlarynyng sheyit ketui batyrgha auyr tiydi. Ol osy qayghyly jaghdaylardan son, keybir kónbegen eldi kýshpen kóshirip әketuge mәjbýr boldy. Óitkeni, maly kәmpeskege týsken eldi ashtyq jaylaytynyn, qazaqtyng túyaq serpuge shamasy kelmey qyrylyp qalaryn batyr jaqsy bildi. Sondyqtan da, Mergenbay kez-kelgen qazaq auylyna baryp, halyqty «batyraq, baysyn» dep bólmey, «Qytaygha kóshesin» dep talap qoya bastady.
Ol kýnderi Mergenbaydyng jasaqtary Qytaygha asatyn basty asulardy uysynda ústap túrdy. Han-Tәnirding baurayyndaghy joldardy bylay qoyyp, býkil Jarkent ónirining qyzyl әskeri Mergenbaydyng aty estilse, zastavagha tyghylatyn edi.
Mergenbaydyng jasaghy kóshke manaylaghan qyzyl әskerding baskiyimin (papaha) atyp týsiredi eken. Búl – olargha jasalatyn eskertu.
Jasaqtan bólek, Mergenbaydyng ózine ghana tәn qyzyldardy keri qaytaryp jiberetin tәsili bolghan. Ol tәsilding atauy – júlqa atu. Mergenbay kóz ilespes jyldamdyqpen qolyn júlqyp jiberip, myltyghynyng shýrippesin basyp qalghanda әskerding iyghyna asqan qaruyn júlyp týsiredi-mis. Qyzyl әskerding denesine oq darytpay, asynghan myltyghynyng bauyn (remeni) ýzip jibergennen keyin shekarashylardyng túla boyyn ýrey biylep, kóshke bettey almay qalatyn bolghan. Búl orysty ashulandyrmay, qorqytudyng tәsili edi.
Jergilikti әskerden qayran bolmaghan son, Almatydan jәne basqa ónirlerden «bandylardy» jon ýshin qyzyl әsker otryadtary ýzdiksiz jiberile bastaydy. Mәselen, 1928-1930 jyldary Shelek audanynyng OGPU-in basqarghan mayor Vihreev otryadymen kelip, Mergenbay jasaqtarymen soghysqan. Sol shayqasta mayor qaza tabady.
Qosh! Halyqty kýshpen kóshiru oqighasyna qayta oralayyq. Búl jayt bylay órbigen. Aldymen halyqqa «kóshesin» degen Mergenbaydyng habary keledi. Oghan kónbese, ókimetten qalghan azyn-aulaq malyn aidap әketip otyrghan. «Malyng Qytayda, ózing kelip, ie bol» deydi eken elge. Maldyng artynan kóship barmaghan júrttyng erjetip qalghan bir balasyn amanatqa alyp, amanattaghy bala Mergenbay jasaghyna sarbaz retinde qosylady. Búl tústa Mergenbaydyng «Malyng ýshin kóshpesen, balang ýshin kóshesin» deytin úrandy sózi elge tarap jatty.
Júrt maly men balasy ýshin «batyraq» bolsa da Qytay asty.
Mergenbay batyr halyqty bay-kedey dep ekige jarghan kenestik iydeologiyanyng qyzyl úranyn osylay tas-talqan etti. Keybir anyzdarda Mergenbaydyng 1916 jyldardaghy jolmen qazaqty orystan mýldem alysqa, yaghny Qashqargha әketudi de oilaghany aitylady. Biraq, bayaghy aq nandy qoynyna tyghatyn qandastardy oilap, «Qazaq Qashqargha barsa, mýldem sart bolyp keter» dep qoryqqan eken desedi.
Qyzyldardyng jenilisi
«Mergenbay batyr kenestik iydeologiyanyng qyzyl úranyn tas-talqan etti» degen sózimizdi tarihshy R.Orazovtyng myna bir derekteri arqyly dәiektey ketsek...
Shekaraly audan halqynyng Qytaygha jappay kóshui 1928 jylghy baylardy tәrkileu nauqanynan bastalyp, 1933 jyldargha deyin jalghasty.
Kegen audandyq Partiya komiytetining (Narynqol 1936 jyly ghana jeke audan bolyp bólindi) hatshysy Jәrdemaliyevting qoly qoyylghan «Audannyng sayasy jaghdayy» turaly asa qúpiya qújatta 1929/30 jyldarda sol kezdegi Kegen audanynda 15 194 qojalyq bolsa, 1930-1931 jyldary 2 259 qojalyq Qytay eline asyp ketkeni jazylghan. 1931/1932 jyldary qalghan 12 940 qojalyqtyng 8 247-si arghy betke ótip ýlgergen. Yaghni, qyzyldar «bandy» atandyrghan Mergenbay, Jaqypberdi sekildi qazaq oghlandary Stalindik tәrkileuge hәm kenes sayasatyna jan-tәnimen qarsy túryp, audandaghy qojalyqtyng 57-60 payyzyn shekaradan әri ótkizip әketti. Búl degeniniz sol qojalyqqa iyelik etip otyrghan halyqtyng 57-60 payyzy Qytay asty degen sóz (qúpiya qújatta Qytaygha kóshken halyqtyng sany kórsetilmegen. Osydan-aq Kenes Ýkimeti ýshin adamnyng mal qúrly qúny da, qadiri de bolmaghanyn angharugha bolady).
Taghy bir qyzyq derek keltireyik. 1931 jylghy mәlimet boyynsha kommunistik partiyagha mýshe – 26, partiya mýsheligine ýmitker – 59, barlyghy – 85 adam Qytaygha aughan. Al, 1932 jyly kommunistik partiyagha mýshe – 19, partiya mýsheligine ýmitker – 28, barlyghy – 47 adam Mergenbaylardyng jolynyng dúrystyghyn týsinip, tughan jerinen jyraqqa ketuge mәjbýr boldy. Qarapayym halyqty bylay qoyyp, kommunistik partiyagha mýshe bolghan adamdardyng Mergenbaylargha erip ketui qyzyldar ýshin auyr soqqy boldy.
1916 jyly Aq Patsha әskerine bala bermeu ýshin Qarqarada «Bala ólgenshe, shal ólsin» dep, bolys-biyler kóterilis jasaghany mәlim. Ólkening resmy biyligindegi bolystardyng halyq jaghyna shyghyp, Patshanyng jarlyghyna qarsy túruynyng kishigirim ýlgisi 1930 jyldarda jәne qaytalandy. Mәselen, Esekartqan auyldyq partiya úiymynyng basshysy Ómirәliyev, kolhoz tóraghasy, partiya mýsheligine ýmitker Qotyrbekov, kommunist Daqsanov syndy azamattar bir kýnde 24 sharuashylyqty bastap, Qytay asyp ketti.
Eger de shekaraly audan halqynyng 57-60 payyzy Mergenbaylargha erip, Qytaygha kóship ketpegende ne bolar edi?
Stalindik repressiya jyldary osy bir ghana audannan 700-den asa adam «Halyq jauy» degen aiyppen aiyptalyp, týrmege qamaldy. Onyng 112-si (avtordyng anyqtauy boyynsha) atu jazasyna kesilip, qalghany jer audaryldy. Jer audarylghandardyng kóbi qyzyldardyng azaptau lagerilerinde kóz júmdy. Eger Mergenbayday batyrlarymyz bolmaghanda búl 700-den asa sayasy qúrbannyng sany eki-ýsh esege eseleneri sózsiz edi. Múnyng syrtynda ashtyq pen soghystan qansha qazaq qúrban bolaryn óziniz baghamday beriniz.
Qazan asuyndaghy shayqas
El arasynda Mergenbay batyrdyng ýlken jeti kóshti Qytaygha aman-esen alyp ótkeni turaly anyzdar aitylady. Jogharydaghy derekterge qaraghanda, ol kóshting sany jetiden birneshe ese kóp boluy mýmkin. Mergenbay 1930 jyldary Narynqoldy bylay qoyyp, Jarkent ónirindegi qazaqtardy da shekaradan asyryp әketu operasiyalaryn jasaghan.
Búl jóninde orys jazushysy Oleg Muhinning «Enbekshi halyqqa qyzmet etemin» atty derekti-hikayatynda keninen bayandalady.
Oleg Muhin búl әngimelerdi IY.Golovin atty otstavkadaghy polkovnikting jәne basqa da oqighany kózben kórgen adamdardan jazyp alghan. 1930 jyldarda Golovin Jarkent shekara otryady oqu-jattyghu eskadronynyng komandiyri bolyp jýrip, birneshe mәrte Mergenbay jasaghymen betpe-bet shayqasqa kirgen.
Sonyng birin qysqasha bayandayyq.
Golovin Jarkenttegi әskery komendaturanyng basshysynyng tapsyrmasymen pulemet, granatometpen múzday qarulanghan 12 әskermen eldi kóshirip әketip bara jatqan Mergenbaydyng artyna týsedi. Golovin әskeri Jarkent kóshelerin sherulep ótip, Jonghar Alatauyn betke alady.
Eskadronynyng komandiyri Golovin óz esteliginde: «Ol óte qauipti, qatygez qarsylas edi. Mergenbay shabuyldy әrdayym kýtpegen jerden bastaytyn. Ózi soyqan oiyn jýzege asyra salyp, qúddy jerding astyna týsip ketkendey kózden ghayyp bolatyn. Mergenbaydyng shekara manyndaghy әr auylda óz jansyzdary boldy. Ol sol jansyzdar arqyly qyzyl әskerden tónetin qauipti aldyn-ala bilip otyratyn. Onyng ýstine ol jer jaghdayyn óte jaqsy biletin. Adam ayaghy baspaytyn taulardyng oi-shúqyry oghan sóz emes edi. Shabarman shekara zastavalaryna habar berip, qosymsha kýsh shyghyp bolghansha, Mergenbay izin jasyryp ýlgeretin. Ara-túra onyng adamdary qolgha týskenimen, biz Mergenbaydyng ózin ústay almadyq» deydi.
Osynday estelik aitqan Golovin Jarkentten shyghyp, Lesnovkagha (qazirgi Taldy auyly) keledi. Mergenbay jasaghy qyzyldardyng kooperatiyvin talqandap, astyq jighan qoymany órtegenin estiydi. Biraq, eshqanday adam shyghyny bolmaghan.
Mergenbaydyng izi qalghan – Tyshqan tauy
Lesnovkadan 10 shaqyrym jerde ornalasqan taghy bir auylgha Mergenbay iz qaldyrghan. Ondaghy bar maldy aidap әketipti. Sol auyldaghy kóshke ilese almay qalghan bir shal: «Bizdi kóshirip әketuge kóndirip baqty. «Bolishevikterding sózine erip, Qúrangha qarsy kelip otyrsyndar! Alla jazalaydy, senderdi» dedi Mergenbay. Sosyn: «Eger kóshten kim qalyp ketse, sonyng bәrin atyp tastandar» dep búiyrdy. Biz qoryqqannan artynan erdik» deydi.
Golovinning qaruly kýshi Tyshqan tauynyng etegine ilingende aldarynan ýsh qyzyl әsker jolyghady. Olar Mergenbaydyng Ósek ózenin boylap, Tyshqan tauyna (surette) órlep ketkenin bayandaydy.
«Mergenbaylardyng izinen qalmaugha bolar edi. Biraq, bir qaptal týgel jar bolghandyqtan kóshting aldyn oraugha mýmkindik bolmady. Kóshting izimen jýrgen edik, shatqalgha kire bere túzaqqa týstik. Amalsyz sheginuge tura keldi» deydi olar.
Tyshqan tauyndaghy Qytaygha asugha bolatyn basty jolda Mergenbay ketip bara jatqan son, olardyng aldyn orau ýshin Golovin óz josparyn qúrady. Ol jergilikti júrttan súrap, Qazan asuynan assa ghana Mergenbay jasaghynyng aldynan tosyp alugha bolatynyn bildi.
Shildening ózinde qar jatatyn Qazan asuynan atpen asu mýmkin emes.
Golovin 1930 jyldyng 17 shildesi kýni attaryn arqangha baylap, qúzdan tómenge týsirip, sol asudan ótedi. Azyq-týlik artqan aty qúzgha ketedi.
Olar sosyn ózennen ótkel tauyp, taghy bir asudy baghyndyryp, Mergenbay kóshirip әketken kóshting ýstinen týsedi.
Mergenbay jasaghyna pulemet sóz emes edi. Búl joly qazaq sarbazdary túnghysh ret auzynan ot býrikken granatometting soyqan soqqysyn kórdi. Sonda da shayqas tang atqansha jalghasyp qazaq әskeri sheginuge mәjbýr bolady. Golovin kóshken eldi alyp, keri qaytady.
Jarkentti basyp alu operasiyasy
Oleg Muhinning derekti-hikayatynda Qazandaghy shayqastan keyin Mergenbay Jamankózúly Jarkentti basyp almaq bolghanyn jazghan.
Mergenbay Jarkenttegi әskery komendaturany basyp alu ýshin eki jýz sarbazymen búrynghyday Ósek ózeni arqyly emes, Buraqojyr ózeninen shekaradan ótip, Qúlja kýrejolyna qaray jaqyndaydy. Mergenbaydyng josparyn chekister tynshylarynyng kýshimen aldyn-ala bilip otyrghan edi.
Oleg Muhinning kitaby
Sondyqtan da, qyzyl әsker Mergenbay jasaghyn ishkeri ótkizip jibergen son, artynan tosqauyl qoyyp, Qorghas, Basqúnshy, Altynkól zastavalarynyng әskerin sheginer jolyna bekindirip ýlgeredi.
Qyzyl әsker komandirleri shekara zastavalaryna jergilikti kommunisterden qúralghan otryadtarmen adam qarasyn kóbeytip, Mergenbay jasaghynyng kózin aldap túrghan.
Mergenbay búl joryghynda eshqanday auylgha soqpaghan. Ózining kelgenin bildirmeu ýshin qolynan kelgen bar ailany jasap, әbden Jarkentke jaqyndaghanda Qytay jerinde qalghan әskeri tapa-tal týste Basqúnshy jәne Qorghas zastavalaryna shabuyl bastaydy. Mergenbaydyng oiy qyzyldar bar kýshin zastavalargha attandyryp jatqanda Jarkenttegi komendaturanyng kýlin kókke úshyru bolatyn.
Mergenbay jasaghy әbden Jarkent manyndaghy Enbekshi auylynyng túsyna kelgende túzaqqa týskenin bildi. Saqyldaghan orys pulemetteri qazaq jasaghyn qyra bastaydy. Keri sheginer joldy Qorghas, Basqúnshy, Altynkól zastavalarynyng әskeri jauyp tastap, ol jaqtan da tópelegen oqtyng astynda qalady. Bir jarym saghat soghysqannan keyin Mergenbay jasaghy Sholaqay qúmyna qaray sheginip ketuge mәjbýr boldy.
Shayqas ayaqtalghannan keyin qyzyl әsker qol-ayaghyn baylap, qymbat kiyim kiygen, basynda sәldesi bar bir qazaqty komendaturagha әkeledi.
– Búl Mergenbaydyng naq ózi, – deydi bireui.
Áskeriyler sol adamnyng sózine senip, «Mergenbay Jamankózúlymyn» degen adamdy 2-3 ay tergep, Kenes ókimetining Zanymen atu jazasyna kesedi (Osy joly Mergenbay jasaghyndaghy qolgha týsken birneshe adam atylghan). Biraq, qyzyldar sәldeli adamnyng Mergenbay emes ekenin arada biraz uaqyt ótkennen song ghana bilip, sanyn soghyp qaldy.
Qyzyldardyng esepteri turaly...
1930 jyly Mergenbay jasaghy Jarkenttegi әskery otryadty talqanday almaghan son, qaytadan Han-Tәniri baurayyna oraldy. Óitkeni búl kezde qyzyldar qazaq pen qyrghyzdy Qytay asyryp túrghan Dary Sadyqovtyng jasaghyn joyyp, elding Qytaygha qashuy qiyndap ketken edi. Sondyqtan da, Mergenbay eldi Qytaygha kóshiru isin jalghastyru ýshin tughan jerindegi joryqtaryn bastady. Ol joryqtar turaly kommunister birjaqty aqparatty qarsha boratyp, jogharygha jóneltip, esep berip jatty.
Mergenbay batyrdyng arhivtegi jeke qújattary әli ashyla qoymaghanymen, batyrdyng qyzyl әskermen bolghan shayqastary turaly (az bolsa da) qaghazgha týsken derekter jeterlik. Sonyng birnesheuin osy jerde aita ketsek.
Jarkent shekara otryadyna qarasty «Oyqaraghay» shekara zastavasynyng 5 әskeri eldi kóshirgen Mergenbay jigitterining aldyn tosyp almaq bolyp, Shuyrma Hasan tauynda atys bolghan. Qyzyldardyng әskery bólimin Qonyshev degen zastava basshysy basqarghan. Orystardyng jazghanyna qaraghanda búl shayqasqa Mergenbaydyng 12 sarbazy qatysqan. Áriyne, jazbada aitylghanday 12 sarbaz bolsa, olardyng qolynda – bes atar. Al, qyzyldarda – pulemet. Osy soghysta jeti qazaq batyry sheyit ketedi, beseui tútqyngha týsedi. Shekaradan asyp ketpek bolghan eldi jusatyp salatyn orystyng Shirinkin degen qyzyl әskeri ajal qúshady.
Kommunisterding derekterining bәrinde ózderining erlikterin asyra dәripteu bayqalady. Mәselen, elding aituyna qaraghanda bir kóshte eki-ýsh mergen ghana bolady eken. Solardyng kýshimen el Qytay asyp otyrghan. Al, qyzyl әsker pulemetpen kinәsiz halyqty qyryp tastaytyn. Sosyn, sheyit ketken marqúmdardy týgel «Mergenbaydyng sarbazy» dep esep beretin-di.
Jalpy sol kýnderding kartinasyn aina-qatesiz kórsetu ýshin taghy bir derekti algha tartayyq.
1930 jyly Jarkent shekara otryadyna qarasty «Oyqaraghay» zastavasynyng qyzyl әskeri Grigoriy Miroshnichenko Mergenbay jasaghymen bolghan shayqasta qaza tabady. 1932 jyly sol Grigoriyding inisi Nikolay qazaq sarbazynyng myltyghyn tartyp alyp, atyp óltirgen. Osy oqigha arqyly kommunister «Nikolay Miroshnichenko aghasynyng kegin aldy» degen sipatta ýgit jýrgizgen.
Taghy bir jaytty nazarlarynyzgha úsynayyq.
1930 jyly Jarkent shekara otryadyna qarasty Esekartqan zastavasy basshysynyng sayasy ister jónindegi orynbasary Nagornyy Aleksey Korneevich Narynqoldaghy enbekshiler jinalysynan qaytyp kele jatqan jolda Mergenbay sarbazdarynyng qolynan qaza tapqan. Qyzyldar Nagornyidyng ólimin «jay ghana aldanyp qalghanynan boldy» dep jogharygha esep bergen.
1928 jyly Jarkent shekara otryadyna qarasty Esekartqan zastavasynyng basshysy Pryadkin shekara búzghan eki qazaq jigitin óltirip, birin jaralap, ózi de shayqas kezinde qaza tapqany jazylghan.
1932 jyldyng qazan aiynda Jarkent shekara otryadyna qarasty Esekartqan zastavasynyng bólim komandiyri Gavriil Grigorievich Simonenko Mergenbay sarbazdarymen bolghan shayqasta jaralanyp, emhanagha jetkizilgen kezde qaza tapqan.
Qyzylshekara auyly manyndaghy eskertkish
Osy shayqastarda kóz júmghan jýzdegen qazaq batyry atausyz qaldy. Al, eldi qynaday qyrghan әr qyzyl әskerding basyna belgitas qoyylghan. Sonyng biri qazirgi Qyzylshekara auylynyng manynda (búl jerde búryn eski zavtava bolghan) túr. 1932 jyly Shaldin onshaqty qyzyl әskerdi bastap, Qytay asqan eldi pulemetting kýshimen toqtatpaq bolady. Sol shayqasta Mergenbay jasaghynyng jigitteri Astrahansevti ajal qúshtyrdy.
Múnday qaruly qaqtyghystar óte kóp bolghany, olardyng bәrining esebi arhivte qattalyp jatqany anyq. Ol qújattardyng ashylar kezi alys emes. Dese de, pulemetpen qarulanghan, bir mezette ondaghan adamdy ajal qúshtyra alatyn qaruly qyzyl әskerge ajaldan qaymyqpay tótep bergen babalar erligine tandanbasqa shara joq.
Ár kósh sayyn ondap, tipti jýzdep qyrylyp jatsa da, Mergenbay jasaghy eldi tynysh elge kóshirip әketu missiyasynan bas tartpady. OGPU chekisteri búl tústa Mergenbaydyng kózin qúrtudyng týrli josparyn qúryp jatty. Ol jospardyng biri әigili «Han-Tәniri» operasiyasy edi.
«Han-Tәniri» operasiyasy
Kósh. Saryjaz asuy
1931 jyldyng 26 shildesindegi «Han-Tәniri» operasiyasyn iske asyru Narynqol әskery komendaturasynyng basshysy Shaldinge ýlken syn boldy. Ol osy joly Mergenbaydy óz qolymen ajal qúshtyratynyn aityp, qyzyl әsker aldynda sert beredi.
«Han-Tәniri» operasiyasy barysynda Shaldin bastaghan Narynqol zastavasy men Narynqol Partiya komiytetining hatshysy (Oleg Muhin әsirelep jibergen. Dúrysy Chernenko әskery komendaturanyng sayasy jetekshi (politruk) bolghan) Konstantin Chernenkonyng qoly – ontýstikten, Sýmbe zastavasynyng basshysy Volosevich bastaghan otryad – soltýstikten soqqy beru úigharylady.
Áskery komendaturanyng sayasy jetekshi Konstantin Chernenko telefon arqyly Mergenbay jasaghymen soghysudyng sheberi sanalatyn Jarkent shekara otryady oqu-jattyghu eskadronynyng komandiyri Golovinmen aqyldasady. Golovin әsker sanynyng kóp-azdyghy eshtene sheshpeytinin, mýmkindiginshe qyzyl әskerdi ontayly pozisiyada, yaghny Mergenbay jasaghynan biyik jerge bekindiru qajettiligin aitady.
300 ýili qazaqty kóshirgen Mergenbay jasaghy Qaqpaq angharyn boylay joghary órlegende búlardyng sonyna múzday qarulanghan 30 shekarashy týsedi.
Endi Janbolat Auypbaev aghamyzdyng osy oqigha turaly jazghan deregin qysqartyp, óz núsqamyzda nazarlarynyzgha úsynayyq.
Mergenbay bastaghan qol qyzyldarmen atysyp, qyrghyz jerine ótip ketedi. Arghy jaqtan qyrghyz әskerimen shayqasu qaupi tóngen son, qayta qazaq jerine qaytugha mәjbýr bolady.
Mergenbay bastaghan kósh Qaqpaq angharyna týsip, Saryqolatqa jetip, odan Bozymbay sayyna keledi. Artynan qalmay kele jatqan Shaldin men Volosevichting qoly eki jaqtan tysqyryp, Mergenbaydyng kóshin Túiyqashagha tireydi. Basqa barar jeri qalmaghan kósh Túiyqashamen órlep otyryp, Asutórge keledi de qos qaptaly qalyng qar, qarsy betkeyi kók múz Múzdauannyng shatqalyna baryp tyghylady. Shatqalgha kiretin jalghyz jol bar, al múzdy asudan ary ótip ketu mýmkin emes.
Mergenbay aldymen qolynda qaruy bar 18 adamdy kóshten eki shaqyrymday jerdegi shonghal tasty mýiiske tosqauylgha qoyady. Sodan song epti, qimyly shiraq degen 30-40 jigitti taghy da iriktep alyp, qoldaryna balta, shot beredi de dereu asudyng múzdy qaptalynan adamnyng ayaq úshy túratynday kertpesh-kertpesh oiyq jasaugha júmyldyrady. Al qalghan qatyn-qalash, bala-shaghagha komotryad kelip qalmay túrghanda say tabanyna baryp, mol ghyp otyn jinap әkeluge әmir beredi. Qashqyndar kóshi qu jandary ýshin osylay arpalysyp jatady.
Búl kezde shatqal auzyna jaqyndaghan Shaldin әskerin mergender toby alystan jasqay atyp, say auzyna manaylatpay qoyady.
«Qashqyndardyng osynsha adam, osynsha malmen aq qar, kók múz japqan myna túiyq sayda jata berui mýmkin emes. Eki-ýsh kýnnen keyin olar jaghargha otyny, mal jayar órisi hәm isherge tamaghy joq (Mergenbay kóshken elge aldyn ala «týimesh» dayyndatatyn bolghan. Yaghni, maldyng etin shala pisirip, qaryngha salyp alady. Osynday qiyn sәtte sol týimeshti bir qaynatyp jiberip, әsker de, el de jýrek jalghaytyn bolghan) jerden ózderi de bezip shyghyp, bizge kelip beriledi. Sondyqtan sol sәtti asyqpay kýteyik», – dep qyzyl әsker shatqal auzyna bekinis jasap kýtedi.
Mergenbay jasaghy qarly asugha aldymen eki qatar etip adam ayaghy túrarlyq oiyqtar jasap shyghady. Sodan song sol baspaldaqtardyng ortasyndaghy ashyq jerding úzyna boyyna kóshtegi kiyiz ýilerding tuyrlyghyn kesip-kesip, múzgha syrghymaytynday etip jabulaydy. Sol «kiyiz soqpaqpen» mal da, adamdar da arghy betke aman-esen ótip ketedi.
El auzynda Múzdauan Mergenbaygha ótkel bergende bir aqsaqal men qomy tómen bolyp qalghan bir týie ghana shyghyn bolghany aitylady.
Al, qyzyldar A.K.Volosevich (Sýmbe zavtavasynyng janyndaghy mazary turaly jogharyda jazdyq), V.V.Saenko atty eki әskerinen airylyp, V.IY.Petrov auyr jaralanady. Osy qaza tapqan eki soldattyng birining shala-jansar jany shyqpay jatqan eken. Onyng myltyghyn alugha barghan Ómirbay degen batyrdy sol әsker atyp jiberip, sheyit ketedi.
Shaldinning qyzyl әsker aldynda bergen sertin orynday almaghan búl jenilisi kommunisterge auyr soqqy boldy. Kenes ýkimeti sol kýnderi Qytay memleketine nota joldap, Mergenbay alyp ótken 300 ýidi qaytaryp beruin talap etti.
Shaldinning shәshkesi
Mergenbay qoly Qytaygha kóshti aman jetkize salyp, elu shaqty sarbazymen qaytadan shekaradan beri ótedi. Kóshte qalghan birer sarbaz bir apta demalghannan keyin ghana ishkeri kóshuge dayyndala bastaydy. Búl kezde Kenes ýkimetining Qytaygha joldaghan notasynda aitylghan tapsyrmany oryndau ýshin shekara kýzetindegi qalmaq-sibe әskeri kóshke tútqiyldan shabuyl jasaydy. Eldi tonap, birneshe adamdy óltirip, kóshti Narynqolgha bir-aq aidap әkeledi.
Aydap әkelgen eldi Shaldin atqoragha qamap, tergey bastaydy. Múny estigen Mergenbay týn ishinde Narynqolgha astyrtyn kirip, Shaldinmen betpe-bet kezdesedi. «Tútqyndary dereu bosatpasan, Narynqoldaghy bekinisterinning kýlin kókke úshyramyn» deydi de shay iship otyrghan shәshkesin atyp týsiredi.
Mergenbay búl oqigha turaly: «Búryn dәmdes bolghan adam edi, ólimge qimadym» degen eken (Búl oqighanyn «Mergenbay ózenning arghy jaghynda túryp, Shaldinning su iship túrghan shәshkesin atyp týsirgen» degen núsqasy da bar).
Mergenbaydan qoryqqan Shaldin tútqyndardy tizimdep, bir-birden bosata bastaydy. Osy kezde el arasynan bir satqyn shyghyp, Mergenbay jasaghyndaghy sarbazdardyng óte az qalghanyn, Narynqoldaghy zastavany qiratugha shamasy jetpeytinin habarlaydy. Múny estigen Shaldin tútqyngha týsken Mergenbay sarbazdaryn Jarkentke aidatyp jiberedi. Ómirbaydyng kegin alghan sarbazdy Jarkentegiler aiuandyqpen azaptap óltiredi.
«Han-Tәniri» operasiyasyndaghy sәtsizdikten keyin Shaldin qatang sógis alyp, taghy qyzmetinde qaldy. Biraq, múnan keyingi shayqastarda da Mergenbay jasaghyna qauqar tanyta almaghan son, onyng ornyna Kaloev degen últy osetin azamat taghayyndaldy.
Kaloev qyrghyny
Áygili Konstantin Chernenkonyng (Mergenbay jasaghyn talqanday almaghan Konstantin Chernenko keyin Qorghasta Bekmúratov jasaghyn joyyp, qyzmeti jedel ósken. Ol 1984 jyly KSRO Jogharghy Kenes Prizidumynyng tóraghasy bolyp, Kenester Odaghyn basqardy) Kaloev turaly aitqan әngimesine kezek bersek.
Konstantin Chernenko - 1984-1985 jyldary KPSS OK Bas xatshysy jәne KSRO Jogharghy Kenesi Prezidiumynyng Tóraghasy boldy.
Chernenkonyng jas kezi
Bizding biluimizshe, Kaloev kele sala Qytaygha qashqan eldi ayamay qyryp, aty shyqqan edi. Ol turaly ýzengiles dosy Chernenko: «Bir kýni Kaloev Mergenbay jasaghy shekarany búzyp ótkenin habarlap, dabyl qaqty. Biz oghan jer jaghdayyn jaqsy bilmeysiz. Búl shayqasqa barmay-aq qoyynyz» dedik. Ol bizding aitqanymyzgha kónbedi. «Mening qasymda jer jaghdayyn biletin qyzyl әskerler bolady. Múnday sәtte qol qusyryp otyra almaymyn» dep otryadty ózi basqardy.
Kaloev búrynghy Shaldin sekildi atys bolyp jatqan jerge tóte barghan joq. Men bastapqyda komandirding bar bolghany ýsh shekarashy atysyp jatqan jerge birden kómekke barmaghanyn týsine almadym.
Sóitsem, ol Teriskey Alataugha tóte tartyp, Mergenbay jasaghynyng aldyn oraudy oilapty (alda kósh ketip bara jatqan). Biz Mergenbay jasaghynyng tu syrtynan kelip soqqy berdik. Búl shayqas bir tәulikke sozyldy. Mergenbay әskeri sytylyp ketetin jol taba almay qinaldy.
Eki jaq ta oqty kóp shyghyndamay atysty. Oq dәri tausylyp, shayqas ayaqtalghan son, biz ólgenderding sýiegin sanadyq. 30 bandy til tartpay ketipti. Mergenbaydyng jaraly jeti әskerin qolgha týsirdik. Bizden birde bir adamnyng shyghyny bolghan joq» deydi.
30 bandy degeni qyzyldardyng ozbyr sayasatynan qashqan qarapayym halyq bolatyn. Býgingi tilmen aitqanda, bosqyndar edi.
«Qanghyghan oq»
Mergenbaydy Kaloevting qyrghyny da toqtata alghan joq. OGPU chekisteri Mergenbaygha qazaqtyng óz ishinen shyqqan adam bolmasa, qyzyl әskerding shamasy jetpeytinin anyq anghardy. Qyzyldar 2-3 jyl boyy «Mergenbaydy qolgha týsiremin» dep qanshama әskerinen airyldy. Elding teng jarymynan astamy Mergenbay syndy batyrlardyng kýshimen Qytay asyp ketti. Sondyqtan da, qyzyldar Mergenbaydyng kózin jong ýshin arnayy jansyzdardy jiberudi jiyiletti.
Batyrdyng ainalasyndaghy adamdardyng eshqaysysy da Mergenbaydyng atyn atamaytyn. Mergenbay ózine astyrtyn qater tónui mýmkin ekenin bilip, júrtqa «Meni Amanjol dep atandar» deydi eken.
Qúrmanjan kópiri manynda Mergenbay jerlengen jer
1932 jyldyng kýzinde Mergenbay batyr Oiqaraghay tauymen taghy bir kóshti bastap, Qytaygha aman alyp ótedi. Kóshke Jabyr qyrqasynan asa bergende aryp-ashqan eki jigit kelip qosylady. Ángime tórkinine qaraghanda olardyng da oiy shekara asyp ketu eken. Júrt búl ekeuinen kýdiktenbeydi, qayta mýsirkep qatarlaryna qosyp alady.
Kósh tang ata Hasan qiyasynan ótip Qytay jerine ayaq basady da, Tekes ózeni manyna kelgende qalmaqtardyn tosqauylyna tap bolyp, atys bastalady. Shayqasta Jýkebaydyng úly (Kerimbala apanyng úly) Núr oqqa úshady. Múny kórgen Mergenbay: «Qap, myna it qalmaqtyng qapyda bireuding jalghyzyn jayratqanyn-ay... Atyndar, ayamandar kәpirlerdi! Qyryndar» dep jaugha qarsy bes oq shygharyp, kóshti bir ainalyp, qoramsagha qol salghanda, tu syrtynan eki ret oq atylady. Oq jotadan tiyip, qarnyn jaryp shyqqan. Batyr tilge kelmegen kýii jýrip ketedi.
Súmdyghy sol, ajal oghynyng aldynan emes, artynan oraghytyp kelgeni edi. Tu syrty degen sóz – kósh, kóshting ishi emes pe? Júrt osy kýnge deyin búl qazany, elden ýdire auyp bara jatqan kóshke Jabyr qyrqasynan kezdeysoq qosylghan eki jigitten kóredi. Búlar «OGPU-ding әdeyi dayyndaghan jansyzdary edi» desedi.
«Qazaqty kommunisterding ozbyr sayasatynan arashalap qalam» degen asyl erding aqtyq demi 49 jasynda Tekes ózenining boyyndaghy Qúrmanjan kópiri manynda mәngilikke ýzildi.
Ýlkender qandas, rulas aghayynnyng arasy býlinbesin degen niyetpen «Mergenbaygha Tekes boyyndaghy shayqasta qanghyghan oq tiyip, sheyit ketipti» desedi. Sodan bolar, qanghyghan oqtyng qazaqty qanday oghlanynan aiyrghanyn biz әli de baghamday alghay kelemiz.
Sóz sony
Qúdaybergen Mergenbayúly Jamankózov
Mergenbay batyr turaly әngimelerdi aitugha jinalghan tughan-tuys
Men osy maqalany jazar aldynda Rayymbek audany Tekes auylynda túratyn qazaqtyng Múzdauanyna ainalghan batyrdyng úly Qúdaybergen aqsaqaldyng shanyraghyna soqtym. Batyrdyng tuystary jinalyp, maghan ózderi biletin biraz әngimeni aityp berdi.
Qúdaybergen aqsaqalgha әkesi Mergenbaydyng oq tesip ótken beshpetining júrnaghynan yrym jasap kiyim tigip bergen eken. Sol beshpetti kiygen 2-3 jastaghy sәby qazir toqsannan asypty. Aqsaqaldyng maghan әngime aitugha kýii bolmady. Biraq, Mergenbay batyrdyng jýrip ótken soqtyqpaly-soqpaqsyz jolyn Qúdaybergen aqsaqaldyng janarynan kórgendey әserde boldym.
Týiin
Úly dalanyng eng biyik nýktesi Han-Tәniri manyndaghy Múzdauannyng qoynauy tolghan adam sýiegi... Eger Mergenbaylar tiri bolsa, ol asuda múnsha halyq qyrylar ma edi? Meni osy súraq mazalaydy...
Mergenbaydyng ruhy Han-Tәniridey asqaq edi. Ol – kommunistik-totalitarlyq jýiege Múzdauan sekildi ótkel bermes asu boldy.
Ol Asu qazaq degen halyq barda kýn sanap asqaqtay beredi....
Avtordyng býrkenshik esimi: Bandynyng balasy
10 qantar, 2019 jyl
Qanat Ábilqayyr
Abai.kz
