Býgingi jan-jaqty jetilgen iri әri qauipti diniy-sayasy aghymdardyng biri. Búl aghymdy HÝIII ghasyrda Saud Arabiyasynyng Nәjd ólkesinde Riyaz qalasy manyndaghy Úyaayna eldi mekeninde dýniyege kelgen Múhammed ibn Ábdәl-Uahab ibn Sýleymen qúrghan. Sondyqtan búl aghym sonyng atymen uahabiylik dep te atalady.

«Sәlәf» sózi qasiyetti Qúrannyng birneshe jerinde kezdesedi. «Aldynghy ótkender», «búrynghylar» degen maghynany beredi. Islam ghúlamalarynyng kóbining pikirinshe músylmandardyng aldynghy ýsh tolqyny sәlәfiyler dep atalghan. Olar - Payghambarymyzdyng (s.gh.s.) sahabalary, tabighinder (sahabalardy kórgender) men tabagha tabighinder (tabighinderdi kórgender) islamnyng әuelgi ýsh ghasyrynda ómir sýrgen. Qúran kәrim men Payghambarymyzdyng (s.gh.s.) sýnnetine ghana sýienip, soghan say amal etken. Sondyqtan da olar klassik sәlәfiyler, haq joldaghylar sanaldy. Al, qazirgi «sәlәfiyler» ózderin sol búrynghylardyng jolyndamyz degenderimen, shyn mәninde atyna amaldary men is-әreketi sәikespeydi.

Búlar músylmandardy Allahtyng birligine shaqyru, islam dinin húrafat-bidaghat amaldardan tazalau, dinimizdi Payghambarymyzdyng (s.gh.s.) zamanyndaghyday qalpyna keltiru, arab әlemin biriktiru siyaqty maqsattardy úrangha ainaldyryp alghan.

Býgingi jan-jaqty jetilgen iri әri qauipti diniy-sayasy aghymdardyng biri. Búl aghymdy HÝIII ghasyrda Saud Arabiyasynyng Nәjd ólkesinde Riyaz qalasy manyndaghy Úyaayna eldi mekeninde dýniyege kelgen Múhammed ibn Ábdәl-Uahab ibn Sýleymen qúrghan. Sondyqtan búl aghym sonyng atymen uahabiylik dep te atalady.

«Sәlәf» sózi qasiyetti Qúrannyng birneshe jerinde kezdesedi. «Aldynghy ótkender», «búrynghylar» degen maghynany beredi. Islam ghúlamalarynyng kóbining pikirinshe músylmandardyng aldynghy ýsh tolqyny sәlәfiyler dep atalghan. Olar - Payghambarymyzdyng (s.gh.s.) sahabalary, tabighinder (sahabalardy kórgender) men tabagha tabighinder (tabighinderdi kórgender) islamnyng әuelgi ýsh ghasyrynda ómir sýrgen. Qúran kәrim men Payghambarymyzdyng (s.gh.s.) sýnnetine ghana sýienip, soghan say amal etken. Sondyqtan da olar klassik sәlәfiyler, haq joldaghylar sanaldy. Al, qazirgi «sәlәfiyler» ózderin sol búrynghylardyng jolyndamyz degenderimen, shyn mәninde atyna amaldary men is-әreketi sәikespeydi.

Búlar músylmandardy Allahtyng birligine shaqyru, islam dinin húrafat-bidaghat amaldardan tazalau, dinimizdi Payghambarymyzdyng (s.gh.s.) zamanyndaghyday qalpyna keltiru, arab әlemin biriktiru siyaqty maqsattardy úrangha ainaldyryp alghan.

Búl aghymnyng negizin qalaghan Múhammed ibn әl-Uahhab hanbaly mәzhabynyng negizinde alghashqy diny sauatyn әkesinen ashyp, Qúran kәrimdi jat aldy. Keyin Mekke men Mәdina, Basra men Baghdadta da bilim aldy. Kóp jyl arab elderining derlik barlyghyn jәne kórshi memleketterdi de aralap kórdi. Ákesi dýniyeden qaytqannan keyin óz eline oralyp, diny jetekshilik qyzmetin bastaghannan kópshilik ony jaqtaushy men qarsylas bolyp ekige bólindi.

Birneshe bәdәuy arab (kóshpeli shól túrghyny, diny bilimi shamaly) taypasynyng qoldauymen ol XVIII ghasyrdyng 40-shy  jyldarynan ózining sayasy kýresin keng auqymda jýrgize bastady. Arab elderin biriktiru degen úranmen shyqqan búl әreket kóp úzamay Saudtyng sayasatyna, keyinnen osy әuletting resmy iydeologiyasyna ainaldy. XIX ghasyrdyng basynda búl qozghalys Arabiya týbegining kóp bóligine jayyldy.

Uahabiyler otarshyl aghylshyndardyng kómegimen qarulanyp, Osman týrikterimen ayausyz shayqasty. Sondyqtan da osmandyqtar ústanghan hanafy mәzhabyn «kәpirlerding mәzhaby» dep jariyalady. Múhammed ibn әl-Uahhab ózine deyingi músylmandardy qasiyetti Qúran men sýnnadan auytqyp kelgen dep sanady. Olar sopylardy mýshirikke shygharyp, dinsizderge, zeket bermeytinder men namaz oqymaytyndargha qarsy jihad jariyalady. Qanshama qan tógildi.

Sәlәfiyler nemese uahabshylar dýniauy mәdeniyetke, ónerge (muzyka, teatr, kórkemsuret jәne t.b.), tarihy eskertkishter men múralargha da  narazylyq bildirip, ony keshirilmeytin kýnә sanaydy. IYdeologiyasyn iske asyru ýshin ýkimet biyligin kýshpen qúlatu kerek dep, sol jolda kez kelgen sodyrlyq әreketterden de tayynbaydy. Osy niyetterine jetu ýshin dindi tek betperde retinde ghana paydalanady.

Búl qozghalystyng tarihta qaldyrghan qandy izderinen kóptegen mysaldar keltiruge bolady. HIH ghasyrdyng basynda óte kýsheygen uahabiylik qozghalys birinshi jauyzdyghyn jasap, sahaba Zayd ibn әl-Hattabtyng (r.a.) Júbaydegi saghanasyn ayaq asty etti. Mekke, Madina qalasyndaghy barlyq qabirstandy, tipti Aysha (r.a.) men Fatima (r.a.) analarymyzdyn, kóptegen sanlaq sahabalardyng da saghanalaryn qiratty. 1810 jyly Múhammed (s.gh.s.) payghambarymyzdyng meshitin talan-tarajgha salyp, dýniye-mýlkin satyp jiberdi.

Olardyng pikirinshe tәspi tartugha da, meshitke sadaqa beruge de bolmaydy. Payghambarlar men әuliyelerding zirattaryna ziyarat etuge de qarsy. Tipti alghashqy uahabshylar qajylyqqa barghandardyng payghambarymyz Múhammedting (s.gh.s.) asyl sýiegi jatqan oryngha ziyarat etuine de tyiym saldy.

Búl aghym belsendileri jalanbas, saqalyn ósirip, tobyghyna deyin qysqartylghan shalbarmen jýredi. Ózderining daghuaty ýshin mәzhab ústanbasa da hanbaly mәzhabynyng jetekshisi imam Ahmad ibn Hanbaldyn, ibn Taymiydin, Múhammed әl-Qayim әl-Jauziyanyng kitaptaryn paydalanady.

Búl aghym islam әleminde týrli aghymdardyng tuuyna jol ashty. HH ghasyrdyng basynda uahhabiylik aghymdy ýlgi tútatyn diny reformalyq әreketter de jasaldy. Olar: Sudanda «Mahdiya», Livanda «Madrasat Sanusiya», Mysyrda Múhammed Adbuhuding aghymy, Jamalәddin әl-Aughaniyding medresesi jәne Ýndistandaghy birneshe aghym. Búl aghymdardyng barlyghy da islam әlemi HIV ghasyrdan beri moyyndap kele jatqan tórt mәzhabty moyyndamay, músylmandar arasyna iritki saluda. Búl aghymdardyng saldarynan alghashqy ýsh ghasyrdaghy músylmandar men qazirgi zamanghy músylmandardyng arasy tym alshaqtap ketken. Búl aghymdar islam dinindegi sharighat mәselelerin әrqaysysy ózinshe týsindiredi. Búl aghymdardy ústanushylar islam dýniyesine jayylyp, týrli memleketterde týrlishe kóriniste jýr. Mysaly, Aljirde ibn Badis fransuzdardyng assimilyasiya sayasatynan ózderining últtyghyn saqtap qalu jәne tassauf (sopylyq) tarihattaryna qarsy kýresushi tәlim retinde qalyptasqan.

Ústanymdary da әr elde әrtýrli: Allah razylyghy ýshin Qúran oqyp, baqilyq bolghandardyng ruhyna (әruaqtargha) baghyshtaugha, ony eske alugha, mazarlargha barugha ýzildi-kesildi qarsy. Ólgen kisi kim bolsa da jerlenisimen birjola úmyt deydi. Dúghalarda payghambarlar men әuliyelerdin, perishteler men ata-babalardyng atyn ataudy kóptәnirlikting belgisi jәne Allahqa serik qosu dep esepteydi. Alaqan jaymaydy, bet sipamaydy. Últtyq salt-dәstýr men әdet-ghúryptardy tәrk etken.

Áz-Payghambarymyzdyng (s.gh.s.) tuylghan kýni Allahty úlyqtap, Elshisine (s.gh.s.) kópshilik bolyp salauat aityp, keng auqymda nasihattap, Ony (s.gh.s.) barshagha ónege-ýlgi etudi biydghat sanaydy. Uahabshylardyng ózderine әu basta negiz etken hanbaly mәzhabynan aiyrmashylyqtary tómendegishe:

- adam balasy iman kәlimasyn aitqanmen, imandy sanalmaydy;

- meshitterding múnarasy boluyna, sәndeluine qarsy.

El músylmandary men últymyzdyng yntymaq-birligine ústanymy men is-әreketi arqyly iritki salushy, qazaq topyraghynda ónip-óspegen, tamyr jaymaghan búl jat aghym el tәuelsizdiginen keyin Shymkentte institut, Almatyda medrese ashyp, qashan qúzyrly oryndar japqansha óz ústanymdary boyynsha jýzdegen mamandar dayyndap ýlgerdi. Búl az deseniz әr jyly óz betimen ýlken jәne kishi qajylyqqa barghan jastardyng bir bóligi Mәdinada qalyp, ondaghy oqu ornynda solardyng ústanymymen tegin (tiyisti jaghdayy jasalyp) oqyp, elge oraluda. Búlardy óz degeninen qaytaru da, qayta qazaq etu de qiyn. Jattaghanyn bayybyna barmay qaytalaudan tanbaytyn toty qús sekildi. Qasiyetti Qúranda: «Allah shekten shyqqandy únatpaydy» («Baqara» sýresi, 190-ayat), - degen. Múnan birer jyl búryn Saudiyada diny joghary bilim alghan «sәlәfiylerdin» bir tobyn araghayyndyq etuge tyrysqan qúqyq qorghau salasynyng mamany diny basqarmagha alyp keldi. Niyeti «jarastyru» arqyly din salasyna qyzmetke tartu eken. Olardyng ústanymy ata-babamyz әu bastan ústanyp kelgen hanafy mәzhabymen ýilespeydi. Ol ýshin qayta oqytyp, saraptau komissiyasyna synaqqa salu kerek. Búghan kónbedi. Niyet-pighyly bólek. Payghambarymyz (s.gh.s.): «Árkimning niyeti ózine serik», - degen. Kezdesu nәtiyje bermedi. Múndayda dana halqymyzdyn: «Soqyr kórgeninen tanbaydy» degeni oigha oralady. Qasiyetti Qúranda: «Allah kimdi adastyrsa, sen oghan tura jol tauyp bere almaysyn» («Nisa» sýresi, 43-ayat), - delingen.

Jalpy jastarymyzdyng Saudiyada diny bilim aluyn tyiyp, niyet-pighyly teris, últymyzdyng tabighatyna jat búl aghymgha zanmen tyiym salynghany jón. Múnyng el birligi men yntymaghyna ziyany aty shuly «hizb-ut-tahrirden» asyp týspese, kem soqpaydy.

«Iman» diniy-tanymdyq jurnal, №3 (80) 2011j

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