Óz boyynda joq bilimning sonynan erme:

qúlaq, kóz, jýrek - әr qaysysynyng súrauy bar.

Qúran, 17:38.

Maghynasyn audarghan Sablukov G.S.

Arab әleminde, dúrysyraq aitsaq, arab-músylman әleminde kórinis bergen songhy oqighalar legi, diny radikaldylyq, "hidjab" mәselesi (bizdinshe, mәni tym asyra siltengen), sol siyaqty elimizding Islam konfederasiyasy úiymyna basshylyq etui islamnyng Qazaqstan qoghamyndaghy róli jayyndaghy otandyq sarapshylardyng kózqaras, pikir-oyyna janasha lep bergendey boldy.

Álbette, búl taqyryptyng tónireginde әr baghyttaghy pikirtalastyng tuyndauy oryndy, pikirtalas әli de jalghasa bereri kәdik. Alayda, osynau pikirtalas barysynda aitylyp jatqan keybir synar-jyraq, ebedeysiz pikir-oy bizding qoghamdaghy islam jayyndaghy onsyz da pisip-jetilmegen kózqarasty odan әri kýrdeli ete týsken tәrizdi. Yaghni, qogham ishinde "Qazaqstandaghy islam neni bildiredi?" degen taqyryp tónireginde kezekti mif boy kótere bastaghan týri bar... Óz tarapymyzdan sol mifterge toqtala ketkendi jón kórdik.

Birinshi miyf. Qazaqstandaghy islam tarihy jayynda

Óz boyynda joq bilimning sonynan erme:

qúlaq, kóz, jýrek - әr qaysysynyng súrauy bar.

Qúran, 17:38.

Maghynasyn audarghan Sablukov G.S.

Arab әleminde, dúrysyraq aitsaq, arab-músylman әleminde kórinis bergen songhy oqighalar legi, diny radikaldylyq, "hidjab" mәselesi (bizdinshe, mәni tym asyra siltengen), sol siyaqty elimizding Islam konfederasiyasy úiymyna basshylyq etui islamnyng Qazaqstan qoghamyndaghy róli jayyndaghy otandyq sarapshylardyng kózqaras, pikir-oyyna janasha lep bergendey boldy.

Álbette, búl taqyryptyng tónireginde әr baghyttaghy pikirtalastyng tuyndauy oryndy, pikirtalas әli de jalghasa bereri kәdik. Alayda, osynau pikirtalas barysynda aitylyp jatqan keybir synar-jyraq, ebedeysiz pikir-oy bizding qoghamdaghy islam jayyndaghy onsyz da pisip-jetilmegen kózqarasty odan әri kýrdeli ete týsken tәrizdi. Yaghni, qogham ishinde "Qazaqstandaghy islam neni bildiredi?" degen taqyryp tónireginde kezekti mif boy kótere bastaghan týri bar... Óz tarapymyzdan sol mifterge toqtala ketkendi jón kórdik.

Birinshi miyf. Qazaqstandaghy islam tarihy jayynda

Negizinen, búl túrghyda bizde eki týrli pikir qalyptasqan: birinshisi - kóshpeli túrmys qazaq jerinde islamnyng qalyptasuyna septik ete qoyghan joq, qazaq dalasyndaghy islamnyng keypi qashanda ýstirt, әlsiz bolghan, sondyqtan da qazaqtardan "jóndi músylman" shyqpaydy degen túrghyda. Al, ekinshi pikir: islam qazaqtyng týp-tamyry men etnomәdeniyetin qalyptastyrugha negiz bolghan. Islam qazaq jerinde qalyptasa alghan birden-bir jalghyz din, endeshe, qazaqtyng dili de músylman degendi algha tartady.

Qarap otyrsaq, búl eki pikir de dindi tarihi, әleumettik, mәdeny mazmúnnan bólip, "óz ishinde qaynap jatqan dýniye" retinde qarastyrady. Sol sebepti de islamgha "әlsiz" ne "kýshti" degen túrghyda sipat beretin kereaghar pikirler qazaqtardyng ómiri men Qazaqstannyng tarihyndaghy islamnyng mәn-maghynasyna, róline tiyisti baghasyn berip túrghan joq.

Kóshpeli ghúrypqa negizdelgen keng dalagha islam dini jetkenge deyingi kezende búl aumaqta kóp tarmaqty deuge bolatyn ózindik diny keshen, diny nanym-senim qalyptasqan-dy. Búl senim ózindik salt-joragha negizdeldi, yaghni, ata-baba ruhy - әruaqtargha syiynu, Kók Tәniri men Jer-Ana Úmaygha tabynu, tylsym dýniyemen syrlasu, yrymshyldyq, joq-bargha nanghyshtyq, baqsylyq, t.t. Úly dalanyng kóshpeli halqyna zoroastrizm men shyghys hristiandyghy da (nestoriandyq), buddizm de azdy-kópti yqpal etkeni bar. Islamdandyru prosesi de búl aumaqta segiz ghasyrgha úlasty, yaghni, arab músylmandary "jana" jerlerge taban tiregen kezennen bastap. Aytqanday-aq keng dalany islamdandyru barysynda islamgha deyingi nanym-senimge "nayzanyng úshymen" tyiym salu, kýshtep joi degen atymen bolghan emes. Qayta jergilikti halyqtyng kýndelikti ómirimen bite qaynasqan búl senim-nanymdy islam moyyndady deuge túrarlyq. Sodan da búl aumaqta islamnyng eng tózimdi baghyty - hanafizm ghana túraqtap qaldy. Negizi, islamdandyru prosesi ózge de araby emes aimaqtarda, aitalyq, Ontýstik-Shyghys Aziya men Balqanda, Týrkiyada, Afrikada osy túrghyda órbip jatty. Sóitip, búl aimaqtardyng әrqaysysynda islamgha qatysty óz úghymy, óz nanymy qalyptasa bastady. Yaghni, olardyng әrqaysysynda islam últtyq erekshelikke negizdelip, "týrik jәne músylman", "indoneziyalyq jәne músylman" degen túrghyda halyqtyng etnostyq jәne azamattyq bolmysynyng bir bóligi retinde qalyptasty. Búl әr halyqtyng últtyq kiyiminde de kórinis tapqan, aitalyq, pәkistandyq hidjab kamiz shalbar men iyqqa jamylatyn shәliden túrsa, arab hidjaby - abayya, aughandiki - burka dep bólinedi. Ádette adamnyng etnostyq bolmysy ol shalghayda, shet memlekette jýrgende keninen kórinis beredi. Mysalgha, Europa men Soltýstik Amerikada belgili bir aimaqtan shyqqan azdy-kópti músylmandyq etnostyq toptardyng "óz" meshitteri bar. Tek qana pәkistandyq, ne tegi arab, ne týrik júrty ghana bara alatyn meshitter bar. Kóp jaghdayda búl meshit imamynyng shyqqan tegine de qatysty. Sondyqtan da islamnyng eldik (últtyq) ne aimaqtyq deuge keletin óz kelbeti, óz týri bar dep topshylau qisyngha say, mәselen, islamnyng aziyalyq kelbeti (ol óz tarapynan ontýstikaziyalyq, ortaaziyalyq jәne ózge de aumaqtar dep bólinedi), sol siyaqty ózindik mәdeniyet pen salt-dәstýrge negizdelgen islamnyng arabi, týrik kelbetteri. Búl arada din men mәdeniyetting qalayda bir-birine say boluy mindet emes. Aytalyq, "klassikalyq" islamgha qazaqtyng "qyz qu", aitys (әsirese, qyz ben jigit aitysyn alynyz) syndy salt-dәstýrleri qanshalyqty say kelip jatyr?

Tayau Shyghys aimaghynda qala órkeniyeti kenirek damyp, múnda islamnyng kitaby nemese normalyq jaghdayy qalyptasqany belgili, al sary dalanyng kóshpeli mәdeniyetinde túrmystyq ne "halyqtyq" islam etek jaydy. Yaghni, búl jergilikti halyqtyng nanym-senimin óz boyyna sinirgen sinkretikalyq islam bolatyn. Mysalgha, jana otaudyng tabaldyryghyn attaghan qazaq kelini aldymen sol shanyraqtyng әruaqtaryna, yaghni, ata-baba ruhyna sәlem salyp, bas iyedi, sodan keyin kýieu jigitting ata-anasyna iyilip sәlem beredi, al búl dәstýr islamnyng neke dәstýrimen (nikah) bekitiledi.

Urbanizasiya, yaghni, dalany qalalandyru prosesi damy týsken sayyn sary dalada dinning normativti mәdeniyetin qalyptastyrugha jaghday tuyndady. Óz tarapynan búl jaghday músylman mollalary men qalpe, qojalardyng onashalanuyna alyp keldi, degenmen búl onashalanudyng da ózindik jergilikti erekshelikteri bar bolatyn. Islamnyng aqsýiekteri - menshiginde jer telimi bar MÚHAMMED payghambardyng túqymy bolyp tabylatyn qazaq qojalary qazaq dalasynda keng auqymdy әri yqpaldy kýsh bolyp qalyptasa alghan joq. Al, ortaaziyalyq kórshi aumaqtarda qojalar (Shyghys Týrkistan qojalary retinde) sayasy biylikke tyrmysyp, qarsy kýshter men qozghalystargha basshylyq etip jatty.

Ekinshi miyf. Qazaqtargha qanday islam kerek degen tónirekte

Qazaqtargha "taza" islamgha qayta oralu kerek, endeshe, qazaqtyng ejelgi nanym-senimi men salt-dәstýrlerinen, onyng ishinde ata-baba әruaghyna syiynudan, qasiyetti ruh pen tabighat kýshine tabynudan, baqsylyqtan bas tartu kerek.

Búl pikirge negiz bolghan kózqaras - islamgha deyingi dindarlyq dәstýr islamnyng jergilikti týrin kemsite týsedi, ol islamnyng "klassikalyq" dengeyine jete almaydy degennen tuyndaghan. Alayda, búl arada "klassikalyq" islam úghymy degende qanday islam menzelip otyr? Múhammed payghambar túsyndaghy araby islam ba, әlde, alghashqy tórt halif úsynghan núsqa ma, joq, ózge de úghymdar bar ma? Kórip otyrsyzdar, búl arada "taza" islam úghymyn keng kólemde týsinuge bolady. Jalpy, "taza" islam úghymy islam tarihynyng eng alghashqy kezeninen bastau alady jәne de oghan uaqyt óte islam qoghamdastyghy ishindegi әrtýrli toptar silteme jasap otyrghan. Aytpaqshy, "islamdy" jat dәstýrlerden tazartugha HVIII ghasyrda Saud monarhiyasy iydeologiyasynyng negizin qalaghan vahhabizm de shaqyrady. Búl baghyt kezinde Osman imperiyasyndaghy monopoliyaly jәne konservativti resmy islamyna jauap retinde payda bolghan-dy. HH ghasyrdyng 20-30-jyldary kolonialdyq Egiypette payda bolghan qarsylyq baghyttaghy "Músylman bauyrlar" qozghalysy da myqty qogham qúru negizinde jamaghatty "taza" islamgha shaqyrghan bolatyn. Dinning әleumeti túrghysynan kelgende, yaghni, dinge rasionaldy bilim túrghysynan qaraghanda, islam bolsyn, hristiandyq ne ózge de dinderdi "taza",  "taza emes" dep bólgen dúrys emes. Din belgili bir mazmún, sipattan tys (aymaqtyq, últtyq, etnikalyq, әleumettik, tarihi) bola almaydy, ol qashan da naqtylyq nanymgha qúralady. Endeshe býgingi Qazaqstandaghy islamnyng róline kenestik sekulyarizmning de, dәstýrli mәdeniyetting de ózindik yqpaly bar deuge bolady.

Al, qazaq islamyn "tazartu" degenimiz, onyng boyyndaghy shynayy qazaqy mәdeniy-әleumettik dәstýrlerge tyiym salu degen sóz. Áytse de, postkenestik Qazaqstanda "dúrys" islamdy engizu baghyty qarqynmen jýrip jatyr. Is jýzinde búl islamnyng jergilikti keypindegi ózindik biregey qalyp, mazmún, erekshelikting birtindep joyyluyna әkelip soqpaq. Sondyqtan da, dinning syrtqy keyip-kelbeti retinde jergilikti músylmandar tandaghan arab jәne týrik hidjaby men pәkistandyq pendjabtar keng tarauda. Aytpaqshy, tayauda Qazaqstan músylmandarynyng din basqarmasy "qazaq mәdeniyeti men Islam estetikasy jәne prinsipterine say keletin kiyim ýlgisin shygharugha dizaynerler arasynda bayqau jariyalau" turaly sheshim shygharghany belgili. Endeshe, jergilikti dәstýrlerge degen týzu niyet Qazaqstandaghy islam qauymdastyghynyng ómirindegi ózge salalargha da yqpal etpey qalmaydy dep oilaymyz.

Ýshinshi miyf. "Bilimdi" islam jayynda

Qazaqstan qoghamy "islamdyq reformasiyany" emes, "bilimdi" islamdy qajet etedi.

"Bilimdi", "aghartushylyq" islam iydeyasy degende naqty ne úsynylatyny týsiniksiz. Diny sauatty jәne zayyrly bilimge negizdelgen minsiz qoghamdy ansau ma? Qalay degenmen, býgingi kýni Qazaqstandaghy bilim salasynyng jaghdayy esh syn kótermeytini barshagha ayan. Kezindegi intellektualdy әleuet jayynda birjolata úmytugha shaq qaldyq. Búl túrghydan kelgende diny bilimdilik, әsirese, onyng býgingi keypinde dogmatizm men privitizmge aparyp soghuy әbden mýmkin. Diny blimsizdikti joy ashyq sholastikalyq qalypta jýrip jatyr. Yaghni, arab әlippesi men diny mәtinderdi jattau, islamnyng dәstýrlik jaghyna kózsiz boy úru degen túrghyda. Jergilikti jaghday ayasynan alyp qaraghanda, diny sauat sapasy on ghasyr búryn qúralghan diny mәtinderdi býgingi zaman talabyn eskermesten týsindiruge yqpal etude. Is jýzinde múnyng bәri diny senimnin  syrtqy kelbetin kórsetuden әri asyp jatqan joq, yaghni, bilim oshaqtarynda namazhana ashyp, hidjab kii, músylmandyq fitnes-zaldar men poyyzdarda músylman kupelerin ashu, "halal" industriyasyn damytu degendey. Ashyq pikirtalastyng ornyna ýnemi diny mәtinder men bedeldi túlghalargha silteme jasaumen shektelu de diny aghartushylyqtyng býgingi sapasyn kórsetse kerek. Shyndap kelgende búl islamdy ortodoksaldy túrghydan týsindiruge dem beredi. Sol siyaqty, diny mәtinderdi bilgen adam bilimdi dinge, shynayy senimge bir taban jaqynday týsedi degen de jansaqtyq. Sene bilgen adamnyng senimi qashanda sheksiz, ol ózi sengen aqiqatty dogmatikanyng boyynan izdemeytini anyq.

Aytqanday-aq, býgingi tanda músylmandar arasynda reformadan ótken islamdy taratu iydesy da boy kóterude, biraq, әriyne arab-músylman әleminde emes, Eurpa men AQSh-ta. Búl iydeyalardyng atauy әrtýrli, mәselen, "islamdyq reformasiya", "liyberaldy islam", ne bolmasa "qarsylyq islam". Olargha negiz bolyp otyrghan әleumettik konservatizm emes, kerisinshe - rasionaldylyq, músylmandardyng mәdeny oqshaulanuynan bas tartu, býgingi әlem jaghdayyna beyimdelu. Búl ýshin diny mәtinderdi jana syn sarabynan ótkizip, olardy qazirgi zaman ayasynan oqyp, týsinip, týisinuge talpynu kerek. Músylman reformatory atanghan "Islam jәne demokratiyany oqu ortalyghynyn" (AQSh) preziydenti Radvan MASMUDY búl iydeyany "HHI ghasyrgha beyimdelgen jana, progressivti islamgha degen qajettilik" dep týsindiredi.

Tórtinshi miyf. Qazaqstannyng músylmandyqqa qayta oraluy jayynda

Qazaqstan músylman әlemining periyferiyasy bolyp qalmauy tiyis, Qazaqstan músylman әleminde qúrmetti oryngha shyghuy kerek.

Shyndap kelgende, býgingi islam әlemining "ortalyghy" qay elder ekeni týsiniksiz. Aytalyq, eger islamnyng qasiyetti oryndary ortodoksaldy memleketterding biri bolyp tabylatyn Saud Arabiyasynda ekenin eskersek, onda búl el islam әlemining "dingegin" qúraghany ma? Aytqanday-aq, búl memleket islam baghdarlamalarynyng әlem boyynsha qoldaushy donory bolyp esepteledi ("petroislam", yaghni, "múnay islamy" degen sóz tirkesi de osydan shyqqan).

Qazirgi tanda Qazaqstangha islam ayasynda Tayau Shyghys elderine, onyng ishinde eng aldymen, "islam әleminde" keng taraghan arab elderine bet týzeu úsynyluda. Endeshe biz búl arada arab músylman "ortalyghynda" HH ghasyrdyng ortasynan bastap ýstemdikke ie bola bastaghan islam modeli jayynda da biluge tiyispiz. Osy arada oilanatyn basty mәsele - mine, jarty ghasyr boyy búl modeli ortodoksiya men konservatizmdi, stagnasiya, yaghni, toqyraudy negiz etken. Ángime islamdy aituly din ilimi (teologiyalyq) ayasynan týsindiru turasynda, yaghni, resmy islam jayynda. Is jýzinde búl diny mәtinderdi synsyz qabyldau, dogmalargha tabynu (al, olardyng býgingi zaman talabyna say kelmeytini aidan anyq), qalyptasqan birjaqty kózqarasqa býgingi zaman ayasynan bagha beruden ýrey alu degendi bildiredi. Búghan qosa kóptegen islam elderinde resmy islamnyng ókilderi biylikting (avtoritarly) affilirlengen bir qúrylymy bolyp otyr, esesine olar tynysh ta, saliqaly ómir sýru mýmkindigine ie bolghan.

Al, zayyrly, onyng ishinde demokratiyalyq oppozisiyany basyp-janshudyng saldary onyng ornyna islamdyq sayasy toptardyng keluine yqpal etude. Áriyne, olar islam qaghidalaryn býgingi zaman talabyna say etip janartu missiyasyn óz moyyndaryna jýkteude. Olar "islamy memleket", "islamy konstitusiya" iydeyalaryn" (ali-Banna, Qútyb, t.b.)  engizuge talpynuda. Biraq, búl iydeyalardyng jýzege asuy is jýzinde qoghamdyq morali men diny polisiya syndy neofundamentalizmge aparyp soghuy da mýmkin. Óitkeni, islam әlemi "ortalyqtaryndaghy" resmy de, resmy emes te islam ókilderi islamdy dәstýrli, yaghni, antimodernizasiyalyq túrghydan týsindirip otyr. Sóitip, islam "perifiriyasy" retindegi Qazaqstangha osy әlemning teng qúqyqty bir bóligi bolu  úsynyluda. Oksfordtaghy Islamy zertteu ortalyghynyng professory, islamnyng tanymal intellektualy Trik RAMADANnyng (Hasan ali-Bannyng nemeresi) aituynsha, "Arab әlemining sәtsizdikke tirelip, bólshektenip ketkenine shamamen jýz jylday boldy. Álemdegi barlyq aimaqtardyng ishinde arab әlemining әleumettik, sayasy jәne ekonomikalyq qiyndyqtardyng shyrmauynan shygha almay, túnshyghyp jatqany qasiretke toly shyndyq".

Sondyqtan da, ózge elderding bolmysyna, túrmysyna kózsiz eliktemes búryn óz qoghamymyzdaghy, óz memleketimizdegi islam modelining rólin qúryp, oghan ózimizge tәn tarihi, әleumettik, sayasy jәne mәdeny jaghdayymyzdy negiz etken dúrys. Al, araby islam óz ishindegi mәseleler jiyntyghyn ózderi de sheshe jatar...

Aytqanday-aq, bizdinshe Qazaqstannyng Islam konfederasiyasy úiymyna tóraghalyq etuining mәn-maghynasy birshama artyq baghalanuda. Búl úiym býgingi kýni óz-ózine jazyp alghan saliqaly sayasy salmaqqa ie bolyp otyr dep aita almaymyz. Búl úiym, aitalyq, Arab memleketteri ligasy sekildi ózge de últtyq negizdi ýstem etip qúrylghan úiymdarmen qatar burokratiyalyq qúrylymnyng bir tóbesi deuge túrarlyq. Onyng qazirgi kýni halyqaralyq qauymdastyq aldynda da, óz halyqtary arasynda da esh yqpaly joq. Úiym ayasynda kóterilgen mәseleler shyndap kelgende belgili bir elderding dengeyinde sheshilip jatady. Arab elderinde jalghasyp jatqan serpilis kórinisi de osydan tuyndasa kerek.

Besinshi miyf. Din - etnos ishinde ydyrau qaupin kýsheytedi

Qazaq qauymdastyghy óz ishinen ydyrau qaupi aldynda túr, búghan sebep, bir jaghynan islamnyng rólin әrtýrli negizde týsinu, ekinshiden, dinge senushiler men senbeytinder arasyndaghy teketires. Diny bolmystyng azamattyq bolmysqa say kelmeu qaupi taghy bar.

Ýshinshi mynjyldyqta әlem memleketterining birazy azamattyq bolmys diny bolmystan joghary túrady degendi zandyq dengeyde moyyndau jóninde kelise aldy. Yaghni, siz eng aldymen, amerikandyq, britandyq, malayziyalyq, singapurlyq (azamat) bolyp tanylasyz, tek sodan keyin ghana músylman, hristian, buddist bolyp tanysasyz. Sekulyarizm dep atalatyn osynau prinsipti Qazaqstannyng ústanghanyna ondaghan jyldar boldy, búl arada kenes dәuirinen belgili tótenshe sharalardyng da ózindik yqpal-әseri joq emes.

Músylman elderining birazy búl qaghidagha әli de moyynsúna qoyghan joq, biraq, Batysta túryp jatqan bilimdi islam iydeologtary búl ústanymdy qabyldaugha den qoiyda. Mәselen, Tarik Ramadan músylmandardy eng aldymen azamattyq bolmysty algha shygharugha, yaghni, ózi túryp jatqan memleketke yqtiyarlyq tanytugha shaqyruda. Sodan keyin baryp, diny bolmysynyzdy tanyta beriniz, deydi ol. Onyng pikirinshe, diny bolmys yqpaly әr adamnyng jeke ómiri ayasynda órbui tiyis.

Eger bizding elimizde memleket pen qogham osy mәsele tóniregindegi basymdyqtar jayynda ortaq kelisimge kele alsa, onda dinning negizinde etnos ishten bólinip, ydyrau qaupi boluy mýmkin emes. Sondyqtan da búl túrghyda dindarlyqtyng kóteriluin asyra silteuge bolmaydy. Jalpy, búl mәselege qatysty pikirler neden tuyndap otyr? Óz tarapymyzdan, naqty mәlimetter men әleumettik saualnama nәtiyjelerine kuә boldyq dep aita almaymyz. Mýmkin múnday zertteuler jýrgizilgen de shyghar, biraq, olar qogham aldynda jariya etilip, talqygha týsken joq.

Elimizde jappay dinshildik kórinis bergeni ras, biraq, halyq ishindegi jappay dinshildik dengeyin dәl qazir dóp basyp eshkim de aita almaydy. Sebebi, meshitterdegi júma namazynda dinge senushiler qatary kóbeyip, dinge senushiler sanynyng arta týskeni dәleldi ólshem deuge kelmeydi. Álbette, kenes dәuirimen salysytrghanda bizde qazir islamnyng róli kýrt joghary ósip otyr. Biraq, aitalyq, dinge shynayy senip, qúlshylyq etushiler men islamdy óz bolmysynyng bir bóligi retinde qarastyratyn etnostyq músylmandardyng ara-qatynasyn salystyryp kórsek, songhylarynyng sany alghashqy toptan kem dep aita almaymyz. Óitkeni, qazaq qoghamyndaghy dinshildikpen alghash tanysqannan-aq birden kózge týsetini: kópshilik islamdy óz boyyndaghy etnostyq bolmyspen úshtastyrady, yaghni, "eger qazaq ekensin, onda músylmansyn" degen túrghyda. Jәne de olardyng bәri de mindetti týrde islamy dil men diny doktrinagha berilgen dep taghy aita almaymyz. Al, islamdy iydeyalyq, moralidyq jәne salttyq jýie negizinde qabyldaghan "jana músylmandar" dep atalatyndardyng tandauynyng artynda jeke bastyng mәselesi túr deuge bolady. Áriyne, kóptegen neofitter sekildi olargha da dogmatizm men ekzalitasiya tәn, olar da óz boyyndaghy diny tanym-senimin ómir saltymen, kiyim kiyisimen, ishken tamaghymen kórsetip keledi.

Áytse de, Qazaqstandaghy islamy dinshildik belgili bir vakuum ishinde ómir sýrip jatqan joq. Diny aluandylyq dәstýrin postkenestik kezende ózge dinderding sansyz aghymdary tolyqtyra týsti. Nәtiyjesinde islam men pravoslavie diny ortany protestant, krishnaiyt, buddist, iyegovist, ahmadister men bahaittermen, t.t. bólisuge mәjbýr.

Onyng syrtynda dәstýrli emes dinderden tuyndaghan okulittik, ekstrasenstik, ezoteriyalyq ilimder men baqsylyq, dualyq, tәuiptik, balgerlik, fenshuy syndy aghymdar da júrttyng nazarynan tys qalyp jatqan joq. Aytalyq, kóligining ishinde Qúran hadisterining ýzindisi salynghan túmar men "baylyqqa" jol ashatyn fenshuy tiyndaryn qatar iletinder jetip artylady. Jalpy, diny aluandylyq diny iydeyalar men diny praktikany bәsekege shaqyratyn naryqtyng qalyptasuyna aparyp soghatyny belgili, sondyqtan da key azamattar әr dinge kezek-kezek moyynsúnyp, onyng "dәmin tatugha" talpynyuy da yqtimal. Býgin ol krishnait bolsa, erteng protestant, arghy kýni músylman bolyp, solay әr dinning sonyna týsip, aralay beredi. Sondyqtan da dinning qay-qaysysy bolsa da, onyng ishinde islam da qalyptasqan jaghdaygha zaman ayasynan bagha berip, diny aluandylyq pen dәstýrli emes dindarlyq shenberinde alghyrlyq pen iykemdilik tanyta bilgeni abzal.

Altynshy miyf. Memleket pen diny úiymdardyng qarym-qatynasy turaly

Memleket Qazaqstan halqynyng kópshiligi ústanyp otyrghan «dәstýrli konfessiyalargha» qoldau kórsetui tiysi. Onyng biri islam qazir din naryghynda shet elder qarjylandyryp otyrghan dәstýrli emes diny qoghamdastyqtardyng aldynda «útylyp» qalyp jatyr.

Búl mif osynyng aldynda keltirilgen pikirding logikalyq jalghasy ispetti. Shyndap kelgende memleketting din isine aralasuyna (әsirese, zandyq túrghydan) esh qajettilik joq. Birinshiden, memleket ózining jekelegen qimyl-әreketinde músylman qauymdastyghyna basymdyq berip otyrghany belgili. Mәselen, 2010 jyly «Islam mәdeniyeti men bilimine qoldau» qory qúryldy. Ekinshiden, jergilikti islam instituttaryn qarjylandyrugha shet elder de ortaqtas bolyp otyr. Aytalyq, elimizdegi meshitterding birqatary týrik jәne arab islamy qorlarynyng qarjysyna salynghan, al músylman uniyversiyteti men kәsiby shyndau institutynda, medresede tәlim beretin ústazdardyng jartysy Egiypetten kelgen. Egiypette jәne ózge de músylman elderinde qazaqstandyqtar diny bilim alyp jatqany da barshagha ayan. Mәselen, Týrkiyanyng Diny ister basqarmasy Almaty oblysynda ýsh iri meshit túrghyzdy. Al, Qazaqstan músylmandarynyng diny basqarmasy men Pәkistannyng halyqaralyq islam uniyversiyteti arasyndaghy kelisim boyynsha 2000 jyldan beri Pәkistan uniyversiytetinde jyl sayyn jiyrma shaqty qazaq studenti bilim alady. Sol siyaqty, músylman úiymdarynyng qarjy salasynda ashyqtyqtyng bolmauy jәne búl úiymdardyng ishindegi әr týrli qiyanat oqighalar men asyra silteushilikter jóninde ashyq baspasózde jazylyp jýr, endeshe búl úiymdargha budjetten aqsha búiyrsa ne bolatynyn óziniz-aq payymday beriniz. Tek qana islam úiymdaryna emes, jalpy, qanday da bir diny úiymgha memleket tarapynan kórsetilgen qamqorlyq onyng negizgi missiyasy, yaghni, adam janyn  tazartyp, adal etuge kedergi keltiredi, úiymnyng búl istegi yntasyn tómendete týsedi. Nәtiyjesinde, diny orta damyp, algha jyljudyng ornyna toqyraugha kelip tireledi. Álbette, búl jaghday qogham ómirine de yqpal etpey qalmaydy. Búny biz islamy din toptary memlekettik apparattyng bir bóligi retinde qalyptasqan arab elderinde oryn alghan oqighalardan-aq kórip otyrmyz. Sóitip, qogham ishinde dinning abyroy-bedeli tómendep, alangha beyresmy diny avtoriytetter shygha bastaydy.

Jetinshi miyf. Qazaqstandaghy islam әleumettik túrghydan tómen toptar men baqytsyz jandardyng dini retinde qalyptasuda

Búl pikirding payda boluyna kenestik ateizmning ózindik yqpaly bar bolsa kerek, sol jyldary din - qanaushy taptardyng qanalushylargha qarsy iydeyalyq qaruy dep týsindirildi (biraq qanalushy da dindi óz qojayynymen kýres barysynda qoldana alady delindi). Al, Qazaqstannyng býgingi bolmysy túrghysynan qaraghanda dinshildik birneshe faktorlargha qatysty, onyng ishinde әleumettik-taptyq faktorgha da. Eng aldymen búl adamnyng óz-ózin toptyq dengeyde emes, túlghalyq túrghydan tanyp-bilu daghdarysynyng saldary der edik. Kenes dәuirindegi ózindik әleumettik qorghau jýiesining kýirep, qiraghanyna 20 jylday bolyp qaldy, al jana Qazaqstan qoghamynda әleumettik baylanys alshaqtyghy jyl ótken sayyn úlghayya týsude. Yaghni, qiraghan әleumettik jýiening ornyna janasy túrghyzylghan joq. Búl túrghyda dinshildikting ósip-ónui belgili bir topqa degen tiyemeldikti kórsetedi, yaghni, dindi panalaghan adam «jalghyz emespin» degen tújyrymgha toqtalady. Qarap otyrsanyz, kóptegen diny qoghamdastyqtardyng mýsheleri (músylmandyq qana emes, ózgeleri de) bir-birin "bauyr, agha-qaryndas" dep tanidy jәne de búl beker emes. Onyng syrtynda adamzat balasy qashanda jogharydan kelgen, belgisiz bir tylsym dýniyege degen qajettilikti sezinetini bar. Birqatar memleketterde (onyng ishinde músylman elderi de bar) jýrgizilgen zertteu qorytyndylary kórsetkendey, әleumettik túghyry joghary, naqty jәne tabighy ghylymdar salasynda bilimi bar jandar, mәselen, gumanitarly bilimi barlarmen salystyrghanda diny úigharym-talaptardy oryndaugha beyim keledi eken. Áytse de, postkenestik aumaqtaghy músylmandargha ateimz tarihyna negizdelgen ózindik erekshelikter tәn ekenin de aita ketken jón.

Al, әleumettik túrghydan tómen sanalatyn taptardyng dinge bir taban jaqyn túruynyng bir kórinisi dep olardyng syrt kelbetindegi oqshaulyq erekshelikterdi aitugha bolady. Áriyne, qalalarda túryp jatqan orta jәne joghary toptaghy kәnigi kәsipshiler arasynda hidjap kiygen qyzdar men pәkistandyq pendjab kiygen saqaldy jigitterdi kóre bermeysiz. Biraq, búl olardyng ishinde dindar adamdar joq degen sóz emes. Dinge senushining bilimy dengeyi men әleumettik túghyry joghary bolghan sayyn, ol óz boyyndaghy dinshildik sezimin, senim-nanymyn ózge júrttyng aldynda aighaylap kórsetuge yntaly bola bermeydi. Búl arada әleumettik mindetter dengeyining joghary boluy da әser etui yqtimal, aitalyq, key kenseler óz qyzmetkerlerinen tiyisti kiyim ýlgisin, yaghni, dress-kod talap etetini belgili. Esesine "músylmansha" kiyingen jerleseterimizding birazyn beyresmi, aitalyq, sauda oryndary men úsaq kommersiya, jeke kәsipkerlik salalarynan bayqay alamyz.

Sol siyaqty, Qazaqstanda demografiyalyq túrghydan alghanda auyl júrty qalalyqtarmen salystyrghanda әldeqayda dinshil bolyp keledi degen kózqaras ta pikir talastyrady. Shyndap kelgende auyldyq jerlerde әleumettenu әdisi retinde dinge degen qajettilik qala jaghdayymen salystyrghanda birshama tómen, óitkeni, auyldarda adamdar arasyndaghy әleumettik baylanys ýzile qoyghan joq. Onyng syrtynda auyldyq jerlerde dinning normativti әdebiyetimen, onyng ishinde islamy tele baghdarlamalarmen, Internet qorlarymen et-jaqyn tanysugha jaghday bola bermeydi. Al, qalagha qonys audarghan keshegi auyl azamaty qala ómirine tiyisti dengeyde beyimdele almauynyng nәtiyjesinde diny toptargha qosylyp, dinnen (islam) pana tauyp, jana baylanys ornatyp, jana ortagha iykemdele týsedi desek, búl, әriyne, bólek әngime.

Áriyne, islamnyng Qazaqstandaghy orny men rólining ózge de manyzdy aspektileri joq emes, aitalyq, әrtýrli aghymdar men toptardan túratyn dәstýrli emes islam (onyng ishindi tәblikter, salafitter, sufister, t.t. bar), islam jәne etnos. Eng bastysy búl túrghydaghy qyzu pikirtalastar men kózqarastardyng talqysy jana mifterding tuyndauyna әkelip soqpasa bolghany.

Alma Súltanghaliyeva,

«Altynbek Sәrsenbayúly Qorynyn» sarapshysy

«Qazaqstan» qoghamdyq-sayasy aptalyghy, 19-nshy mamyr