Egiypet Arab Respublikasynyng Vakuftar ministrining kenesshisi Múhammed Abd al-Ghany Shama “Núr-Mýbarak” islam mәdeniyeti uniyversiytetining shaqyruymen osy bilim ordasynda diniy-ruhany sabaqtar ótkizip jýr. Astanada ótkeli otyrghan әlemdik jәne dәstýrli dinder sezining qarsanynda ghalymmen islam qúndylyqtary jóninde pikirleskendi jón kórdik. Berlinning Europalyq uniyversiytetinde dinderdi salystyrmaly zerdeleu salasynyng doktory, Egiypettegi al-Azhar uniyversiytetining Tilder men audarma fakulitetining islamtanu pәnining professory, ústaz Shamanyng Islam dinining basqa dindermen baylanysy jónindegi oilaryn tújyrymdap berip otyrmyz.
Týrli din ókilderi arasyndaghy baylanys erte zamannan ýzilmey kele jatqan ýrdis ekeni tarihtan belgili. Dey túrghanmen, olardyng arasynda qantógiske әkelip soghatyn, qaru-jaraqtyng dauysy óshkenmen, tynym tappaytyn tartys-daular bolyp jatady. Bir-birine qúlaq salu kemde-kem, tipti dindarlar arasyndaghy dau-damay ózekti mәseleler qatarynda oryn tepken. Ózara balaghat, kýpirlikter jaudyryp, dinnen alyp, dinge salugha, týrli qaqtyghystar, tipti “ýiing kýisin!”, “bala-shaghang jetim qalsyn!” – degen auyr sózderdi de auyzdaryna onay alatyn boldy. Óz dinine, nemese aqidalaryna basqalardy mәjbýrleudi dinshilderding eng basty paryzy dep biletin, tipti sonyng jolynda malyn da, janyn da qúrban etuge dayyn bolatyn.

Egiypet Arab Respublikasynyng Vakuftar ministrining kenesshisi Múhammed Abd al-Ghany Shama “Núr-Mýbarak” islam mәdeniyeti uniyversiytetining shaqyruymen osy bilim ordasynda diniy-ruhany sabaqtar ótkizip jýr. Astanada ótkeli otyrghan әlemdik jәne dәstýrli dinder sezining qarsanynda ghalymmen islam qúndylyqtary jóninde pikirleskendi jón kórdik. Berlinning Europalyq uniyversiytetinde dinderdi salystyrmaly zerdeleu salasynyng doktory, Egiypettegi al-Azhar uniyversiytetining Tilder men audarma fakulitetining islamtanu pәnining professory, ústaz Shamanyng Islam dinining basqa dindermen baylanysy jónindegi oilaryn tújyrymdap berip otyrmyz.
Týrli din ókilderi arasyndaghy baylanys erte zamannan ýzilmey kele jatqan ýrdis ekeni tarihtan belgili. Dey túrghanmen, olardyng arasynda qantógiske әkelip soghatyn, qaru-jaraqtyng dauysy óshkenmen, tynym tappaytyn tartys-daular bolyp jatady. Bir-birine qúlaq salu kemde-kem, tipti dindarlar arasyndaghy dau-damay ózekti mәseleler qatarynda oryn tepken. Ózara balaghat, kýpirlikter jaudyryp, dinnen alyp, dinge salugha, týrli qaqtyghystar, tipti “ýiing kýisin!”, “bala-shaghang jetim qalsyn!” – degen auyr sózderdi de auyzdaryna onay alatyn boldy. Óz dinine, nemese aqidalaryna basqalardy mәjbýrleudi dinshilderding eng basty paryzy dep biletin, tipti sonyng jolynda malyn da, janyn da qúrban etuge dayyn bolatyn.
Islam dini kelgen song múnyng bәrine toqtau saldy, dinder jayly ústanymdaryna, dәrejelerine qaray Ilahy dinder bolsyn, adamzat tarapynan jasalynghan jasandy dinder bolsyn, Qúrannyng bizge berer nasihaty mynaday: “Allah-Taghaladan ózgege siynghandargha sógis aitpandar, eger olay jasaytyn bolsandar, olar bilmey shekten shyghyp, Allah-Taghalagha til tiygizedi”. Olardyng siynghandary Allahtan basqa: yaghny adamzat nemese tas, bolmasa kez kelgen materiya bolsyn, olargha sógis aitpandar. Islam adamdardy dinge shaqyrghanda tәkapparlyq, menmendik sekildi jaghymsyz qasiyetterden alys túrugha ýgitteydi. “Nahl” sýresining 125-ayatynda: “Adamdardy Rabbynnyng jolyna danalyq jәne kórkem ýgit arqyly shaqyr. Ári olarmen kórkem týrde kýres” – delingen. Tipti basqa dinderdegi saliqaly adamdargha óz lebizin bildirip, “Al ‘Imran” sýresining 75-ayatynda: “Ahli kitabtyng keybireulerine sen qintar mólsherinde bir zatty amanat etsen, ol ony oryndaydy”. “Baqara” sýresining 62-ayatynda: “Shynynda iman etkender, yahudiyler, hristiandar, sabi’inder bolyp kimde-kim Allahqa jәne ahiyret kýnine iman keltirip, izgi amaldar jasaytyn bolsa, Rabbylarynyng qasynda syilyq bar, olargha qorqynysh joq”.
Sonday-aq islamgha kirudi qalamaytyn kisilerge mәjbýrlik kórsetpeydi: “Dinde zorlau joq. Rasynda turalyq azghyndyqtan ajyratyldy” (“Baqara”: 206). Payghambarymyz (s.a.s.) ainalasyndaghy adamdargha islamdy úsynghan kezde mýlde kýsh tәsilin paydalanbaghan, kerisinshe óz erikterine qoyghan, óitkeni oghan jogharydan berilgen núsqau mynaday: “(Múhammed (s.a.s.) eger – Rabby qalasa, әriyne, jer jýzindegilerding barlyghy týgeldey iman keltirer edi. Adamdardy iman keltiruge sen zorlaysyng ba?” (“Yunus”: 99). Mine, osynday prinsipterding negizinde bizding bayqaytynymyz, islamda oy erkindigi, sóz erkindigi, adamy qúqyqtardyng taptalmauy bar.
Bir adamnyng boyyndaghy qisyq nemese qate pikirdi jóndeu qajettiligi tughan kezde músylmangha súhbat әdebining qaghidalaryn mindetteydi. Onyng mysalyna ayat: “Áy, adam balasy! Bir mysal keltirildi. Endi soghan qúlaq salyndar: Senderding Allahtan ózge tabynghandaryng barlyghy jinalsa da әste bir shybyn jarata almaydy. Sonday aq, eger shybyn olardyng bir nәrsesin alyp úshsa, odan ony qútqara almaydy. Óitkeni, izdeushi de, izdelgen de nashar. Olar Allahtyng qadirin bilip, shyn mәninde baghalay almady. Allah asa kýshti, óte ýstem” (“Hadjj”: 73, 74).
Allah-Taghalanyng sipattary jóninde qateleskenderge de Qúranda anyq jauaptar keltirilgen: “Rasynda, “Allah ýshting ýshinshisi” – degender kәpir boldy. Bir Tәnirden basqa tәnir joq. Eger olar búl aitqandarynan tyiylmasa, olargha sonday qarsy kelushilerge kýizeltushi azap kezdesedi”. (“Ma’ida”: 73). Búl ayatta hristiandar dep aitylghan joq, óitkeni olardyng arasynda múnday dep aitpaghandar da bar. “Rasynda, Allahty Mәriam úly Mәsiyh, degender kәpir boldy. Allah Mәriam úly Mәsihty jәne onyng sheshesin de, tipti jer-jýzindegi birtútas jan iyesin joq etudi qalasa, Allahtan qútqarugha kim iye?” (“Ma’ida”: 17).
Adamzat qoghamynyng bastaluynan bituine sheyin adamdardyng týrli kózqaras jәne pikirlerde boluy, týrli jol jәne aqida ústanymdarynda boluy – tabighy zandylyq. Adam balasynyng boyynda óz pikirin ózinen basqalargha moyyndatu, aitqanymen jýrgizu, ústanymy men aqidasyn basqalargha ótkizu sekildi tabighaty bar. Mine, osynday pikirlerin jýzege asyru barysynda ústanymyn nemese aqidasyn qorghap qalu ýshin soghysqa deyin baruy da mýmkin. Eger ol ústanymy aqida bolsa, tipten ony týrli joldarmen qorghaugha tyrysady.
Tarih betterinde halyqty óz aitqanyna moynsúndyrghan, olardyng bostandyqtary men azattyqtaryn taptaghan neshe ýkimdarlar ótken. Tarihta bolghan soghystardyng basty sebebi – aqidalary jәne pikirleri bir bolghanymen súhbattastyqtan júrday boluy jәne fanatizm.
Jogharyda aitqanymyzday, adamzat tarihynda qauymdastyqpen beybitshilikting ornyna kóbinese diny tartys-kerister oryn alghan. Sonyng saldarynan halyqtar arasynda býkil ótken ghasyrlarda dinge negizdelgen qarama-qayshylyqtar kezdesip, soghysugha deyin barghan.
Mysaly, eki dinning ókili kezdese qalsa, ústanymdary men aqidalary jóninde tartysuy anyq, bireui әdeptilik kórsetkenmen, ekinshisi negizgi mәseleden auytqyp, kónilin qiratar sózder aityp jaralaydy. Mine, búrynnan kele jatqan halyqtar arasyndaghy kelispeushilikting kórinisi osylay bastalghan.
Tarihta diny fundamentalizmning saldarynan soghystar bolyp, dinderin jamylyp bir-birin qyryp salghan. Bir dindi ústaghanmen týrli toptargha, partiyalargha bólinip alghan. Qazirgi tanda bir qoghamnyng ishinde týrli din ókilderining beybit, erkin ómir sýrui qiyndap bara jatyr. Payghambarymyz: “Adam atadan taradyndar, al Adam ata topyraqtan jaraldy, arab pen ajamnyng arasynda eshqanday aiyrmashylyq joq, aiyrmashylyq taquamen bolady” – dep, búiyrghan.
Payghambarymyz (s.a.s.) Mәdinagha qonys audarghan kezde, Mәdina halqy ýsh dindi ústanatyn qoghamdy qúraytyn edi. Olar – músylmandar, yahudiyler jәne mýshrikter. Salt-dәstýrleri araby jәne tuystyq qarym-qatynastary bar-túghyn. Payghambarymyz (s.a.s.) kelgesin búl jaghday ózgeredi. Músylmandar (múhadjirder jәne ansarlar), yahudiyler jәne arab mýshrikteri bolyp jikteldi.
Payghambarymyz (s.a.s.) kóregendigi jәne Allahtyng bergen shabytymen sol týrli taypalar men toptardy qúraytyn qoghamdy auyzbirshilikke shaqyratyn qaghidalar úsyndy. Ony “uasiqat-ul-Mәdina”, yaghny “Mәdina kelisimi” dep atady. Búl kelisim boyynsha ózara tartysyp jatqan arab taypalary yntymaqtasyp, dúshpangha qarsy “bir jaghadan bas, bir jennen qol shygharyp” bir sapta túryp otanyn qorghaugha sheshim etti.
Ol kelisimde bylay jazylghan bolatyn:
“Qúrayshtyng mýmin-músylmandary jәne Yasrib halqy bolghan arab jәne yahudy bolghan Mәdina túrghyndaryna Allah-Taghalanyng Payghambary bolghan Múhammedting úsynysy:
– bәrimiz birtútas halyqpyz;
– zalym jәne qiyanatshylargha qarsy bir jaq, bir qol. Kimde-kim búzyqtyq jasaytyn bolsa, jaza barshagha birdey;
– búl kelisimge kelgen әrbir kisi qylmyskerding jaghyna shyqpaydy;
– kelisim jasaghan osy paraq betindegi azamattar soghys maydanynda dúshpangha qarsy birdey soghysady;
– Yasribting dúshpany jalpygha birdey dúshpan;
– Mәdinadan shyqqan nemese Mәdinagha kirgen kisige qauipsizdikti qamtamasyz etu, onyng sharty – búzyq, zalym bolmau”.
Osy kelisim týrli halyq jәne týrli dinderding bir shanyraq astynda ómir sýre alatyndyghynyng ýlgisi deuge bolady. Adamilyq túrghydan týrli halyqtardyng týsinise ómir sýre alatyndyghynyng simvoly dep aitugha bolady. Mine, osynday jaghday tarihta VII ghasyrda amalgha asyrylghan. Sol kezding halyqtary arasyndaghy jalpygha birdey mýddeli bolghan bir tendesi joq qaghida ekendigine eshkimning talasy joq.

Dayyndaghan Kýlpara JÚMAGhALI, Abdunaim SAIYD
“Týrkistan” gazeti 18 mausym 2009 jyl