Astana kýni merekesimen qatar Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Túnghysh Preziydenti – Elbasy Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng 80 jyldyq mereytoyy da tayap keledi. Osyghan oray biz elimizding qalyptasuy men damuynyng tarihyndaghy Elbasy N.Á.Nazarbaevtyng róli turaly materialdar toptamasyna jolashar retinde sayasy ghylymdar doktory, professor M.B.Qasymbekovting maqalasyn oqyrman nazaryna úsynudy úighardyq.

Qazirgi Qazaqstannyng negizin sal­ghan Elbasy Núrsúltan Ábishúly Na­zarbaevtyng túlghasy men biregey bol­mysyna otandyq ghalymdar da, she­tel­dik zertteushiler de әu bastan zor qyzyghushylyq tanytyp, airyqsha kó­nil audaryp kele jatqany mәlim. Men óz maqalamda osynau manyzdy taqy­rypty taghy da qozghay otyryp, Túnghysh Preziydent túlghasynyng tútas auqymy men terendigine onyng Memleket basshysy retinde qalyptasuyna yqpal etken týrli faktorlardy ózara baylanysta qarastyryp, elimizding iygiligi jolyndaghy jasampaz qyzmetining barysynda jarqyray kóringen kóshbasshylyq qasiyetterine layyqty taldau jýrgizu arqyly ghana tolyqqandy bagha beruge bolatynyn airyqsha atap ótkim keledi.

Uaqyt tandaghan túlgha

XX ghasyrdyng sonynda búrynghy alyp derjavalardyng biri – Kenes Odaghynyng kýireuining saldaryn úzaqqa sozylatyn alapat apatqa teneuge bolar edi. Sol kezde búrynghy kenestik respublikalar qatarynda Qazaqstan da asa siyrek búiyratyn tәuelsizdik alu mýmkindigine ie boldy. Býginde alysta qalghan sonau 1991 jylghy oqighanyng quanyshy jaqsylyqqa degen ýmitti oyatqanmen, ol aldaghy bolashaqqa degen senimsizdikpen, keyde tipti ýreymen de, týnilu sezimimen de sabaqtasyp jatty. Múnday taghdyr syngha týsken sheshushi sәtte biylik tútqasyndaghy bilikti basshynyng jeke túlghasy asa manyzdy ról atqaratyny anyq.

Tarihtyng ózi kórsetkendey, damudyng týrli kezeninde qoghamda qanday da bir memleket kóshbasshysyna degen zәru­lik payda bolady. Qazaqstan ýshin de sol bir alasapyran oqighalardyng al­maghayyp aghymynda uaqyt tynysyn anyq sezinuge, respublikanyng ishin­de jәne syrtynda bolyp jatqan qoghamdyq-sayasy prosesterding sipatyn aiqyn baghalaugha qabileti jetetin jana tolqynnyng jana basshysy auaday qajet edi. Memleketti qayta qalpyna keltiru, egemendikting mazmúnyn bayy­tu, kýrt ózgeristerge úshyraghan geosaya­sy jaghdayda elding layyqty ornyn ai­qyndau – osy jәne ózge de asa kýrdeli min­detter auqymdy strategiyalyq oilau jýiesin, danalyq pen saliqalylyqty, sonday-aq algha qoyghan maqsattargha qol jetkizu ýshin qajet tabandylyqty talap etti. Ol ainaladaghy oqighalar barysynda antarylyp qalatyn nemese qalyptasqan jaghdaydyng yghymen jýre beretin, biri kelip, biri ketip jatatyn qatardaghy ózge kóp sayasatkerden erekshelenip túratyn dara túlgha bolugha tiyis.

Núrsúltan Ábishúly Nazarbaev elding jәne halyqtyng aldyndaghy asa auyr jauapkershilikting jýgin óz moynyna alyp, últtyng ruhyn oyatu, memlekettilikti janghyrtu missiyasyn tolyq orynday alghan naq sonday kóshbasshy bola bildi. Bolashaqtyng búlynghyrlyghyna, ekonomikalyq beyberekettikke qaramastan, әleumettik daghdarys tuyndatqan ýrey men kýdikti seyilte alghan ol Qazaqstannyng da­muyn jalpy órkeniyet jәne ilgerileu jolyna baghyttap, qolaysyz oqighalar aghymyn keri qaray búra aldy. Joghary strategiyalyq mindetter men betbúrysty kezenning sheksiz mýmkindigine jәne sol almaghayyp kezenning sipatyna say keletin múnday jasampazdyqty tek Núrsúltan Nazarbaev siyaqty túlghalar ghana jýzege asyra alatyn edi. Búl rette onyng bolmys-bitimi, óristi ónegesi úlaghatty úrpaq ýshin ghasyrlar boyy myzghymas baghdar bola bermek. Jymysqylyq pen qulyq qabattasa jýretin әlemdik proses­ter barysynda ol Qazaqstannyng beybit әri qauipsiz damuy ýshin qajetti barlyq jaghdaydy jasady, jahandyq sayasattyng tegeurindi túlghasy retinde danq pen qúrmetke bólenip, elimizding halyqaralyq arenadaghy bedelin arttyrdy.

Ol memleketimizge basshylyq ja­saghan otyz jylgha juyq uaqyt qa­jyr­ly enbek etu, barlyq resurstar men kýshterdi júmyldyru kezeni boldy. Sonday-aq búl mezgilde tynymsyz izdenister men tyng jetistikterge, eleuli janalyqtar men serpilisterge jol ashyldy. Búl kezeng býginde qazaqstandyqtar shynayy maqtan tútatyn tanghajayyp tabystar men gha­lamat jetistikterdi tartu etken naghyz «Jasampazdyq dәuirine» ainaldy.

Tereng ziyatkerlikpen, asqan enbeksýi­gishtikpen jәne maqsatkerlikpen úsh­tasqan myzghymas jigerimen, batyl­dy­ghymen jәne tabandylyghymen tanylghan Núrsúltan Nazarbaev túraqty damudyng negizin qalap, ondaghan jyldar boyy jas memleketimizdi aiqyn baghytqa batyl bas­tap otyrdy.

Núrsúltan Ábishúlynyng sayasy kósh­basshylyghynyng fenomeni onyng kópqyrly qyzmetining býkil ón bo­yyn­da kórinis tauyp, ol tәuelsiz Qa­zaqstannyng negizin qalaushy, dana strateg, úly reformator jәne qazirgi zamannyng kórnekti sayasy qayratkeri retinde últ tarihyna endi.

Ýlken joldyng bastauynda

Jasampazdyq degenimiz – ózining kon­septualdy maghynasyna sәikes, asqan enbeksýigishtikti, tózimdilikti, uaqytty, basy býtin beriludi, eng bastysy, býkil júmsalyp jatqan kýsh-jigerinning týpki maqsatyn týsinudi ta­lap etetin mashaqaty mol prosess. Bernard Shoudyng sózimen aitar bol­saq, «jasampazdyqtyng bas­tauy – maq­satyndy kózge elestete bilu». Jo­ba­laushylardyng kinәsinen bolghan qon­dyrghynyng kinәratyn qaytse de jóndeuge bolar, al sayasy qatelikterding saldary týzetuge kele qoymaydy.

Egemendikting úzaq jylghy dәstýri qalyptaspaghan, ekonomikasy bir­jaqty damyghan, halqy kópdindi jәne kópetnosty, qoghamy iydeyalyq bos kenis­tikten arylmaghan Qazaqstandy basqaru ýshin erekshe sayasy sheberlik pen asqan eptilik qajet edi. Kórnekti sheteldik sarapshylar birqatar postkenestik el­derding qalyptasuy jolynda boy kór­setken qandy qaqtyghystar men azamat soghystaryn múqiyat zerdeley kelip, bizding jas memleketimizding keleshegine de kýmәnmen qaraghan-dy.

Alayda Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng basqarushylyq daryny, onyng kenes­tik Qazaqstangha jetekshilik etken jyl­dardyng ózinde qalyptasqan mem­leketshil әri strategiyalyq auqymda oilau qabileti, әleumettik-ekonomikalyq jәne qoghamdyq-sayasy ahualdy egjey-tegjeyli bilui óreskel qatelikterge jol bermey, pessimisterding jaghym­syz boljamdarynyng kýlin kókke úshyrdy.

Adamnyng adamdyghynyng bas­ty ól­shemi enbek bolyp sanalatyn auyl­daghy qarapayym otbasynan shyqqan ol qajymay-talmay júmys istep, aldyna aiqyn maqsat, naqty mindet qoigha beyimdeldi. Tughan auylyndaghy mektepti ýzdik bitirgen Núrsúltan Nazarbaev 1958 jyly komsomoldyq joldamamen Temirtau qalasyna – Qaraghandy metallurgiya zauytynyng qúrylysyna jiberiledi. Ot kóseytin metallurg maman­dyghy onyng erik-jigeri men minezin shyn­­dady, ózgeler arasynda daralanyp túratyn kóshbasshylyq qasiyetin úshtay týsti.

Ol jyldarda stalindik jýiening ók­temdigi әli tolyq basyla qoymaghan bolatyn. Biraq ainaladaghy orta kýrt ózgere bastaghan: qoghamdyq jәne mәdeny ómir jandanyp, adamzat gharysh kenistigine qaray qaryshty qadam jasady, býkil el boyynsha alyp ónerkәsip qúrylystary qanat jaydy. Entuziazm ruhymen, jarqyn bolashaqqa degen senimnen qanattanghan sol kezdegi kóptegen jas­­tar siyaqty ol da óz bastamalary ar­qyly әrdayym alda bolugha talpynyp, jan-tәnimen janalyqqa, alghy shepke úmtyldy.

Belsendi әri ainalasyndaghy nәrsening eshqaysysyna beyjay qaramaytyn Núrsúltan Nazarbaev qoghamdyq ómirding qaynaghan qalyng ortasyna týsti. Ol 1969-1979 jyldary partiya jәne komsomol organdaryndaghy basshylyq lauazymdarda bola jýrip, Qaraghandy metallurgiya kombinatynyn, Temirtau qalasynyn, odan song býkil Qaraghandy oblysynyng aumaghyndaghy óndiristing damuyna, әleumettik jәne ekonomikalyq mәselelerge qatysty barlyq problemalardy ýnemi tabysty sheship otyrdy. 1980 jyldardyng orta túsyna qa­ray Qazaqstan Kompartiyasy Ortalyq Komiytetining ónerkәsip, kólik jәne baylanys jónindegi hatshysy, keyin Qazaq KSR Ministrler Kenesining tóraghasy bolghan kezinde ol respublikanyng әleumettik-ekonomikalyq ómirining barlyq mәse­lesine jete qanyqty, әrbir oblys pen әrbir naqty kәsiporyndaghy isting jagh­dayyn jaqsy bildi. Sonymen qatar respublikanyng da, tútastay alghanda, býkil elding de ekonomikalyq damuynyng ahualyna jetik boldy. Kópshilik aitatyn­day, isker basqaru stiyli, naqtylyqqa beyimdiligi jәne problemany sheshu ýshin kómektesuge dayar túratyny ony ózgeden ereksheley týsti.

Onyng kóshbasshylyq qasiyetteri әsirese Qazaqstan Kompartiyasy Orta­lyq Komiytetining birinshi hatshysy, Qazaq KSR Jogharghy Kenesining tóraghasy bolyp qyzmet istegen jyldarda aiqyn angharyldy. Núrsúltan Ábishúly sol 1980 jyldardyng sony  1990 jyldardyng basynda-aq esimi býkil elge keninen tanymal, ózin býkil­odaqtyq dengeyde kórsete alghan sayasy qayratker túlghagha ainaldy. Eski ólshem men kózqarastan azat, auqymdy oilaytyn, ózine senimdi Núrsúltan Ábishúly qatyp qalghan ústanymdar men qasang qaghidalardy búzyp-jaryp, janasha payymdap, janasha is-әreket jasay biletin úmtylysy arqyly elden erek­shelenip túratyn.

Ózgeriske, jetildiruge, jana iydeyalardy bayyptaugha talpynys Túnghysh Preziydentting belsendi bolmysyna tәn qasiyetter edi. Sonymen birge ol qo­ghamdyq mýddening әrdayym basym túrugha tiyistigin aiqyn sezinip, sol ýshin jany auy­­ra­tyn, ony әrdayym qor­ghaytyn. Múnyng ýstine, sol kezdegi kóp qayratkerden ereksheligi – joghary basshylyq aldyna ótkir mәsele qoydan qashpaytyn әri uәjin batyl aityp, óz ústanymyn qorghay alatyn.

Mәskeudegiler Nazarbaevtyng osy tabandy qasiyetteri, biliktiligi men batyldyghy turaly búrynnan-aq – 1970-jyldardan beri biletin edi, óitkeni oghan talay ret respublikanyng óner­kәsiptik әleuetin damytu, kópshilikting túr­mysy men enbek etuine dúrys jaghday jasau mәselelerine joghary dәrejeli partiya qayratkerlerining nazaryn audarugha tura kelgen bolatyn.

Cyny túrghydan oilay alatyn ol el­degi artta qalghan basqaru formalary men әdisterining uaqyt talabyna say emes ekenin sezdi. Qazaq KSR Ministrler Kenesining tóraghasy bola jýrip, Núr­súl­tan Ábishúly respublikanyng әleu­mettik-ekonomikalyq damuyndaghy qayshylyqtardy bayqap, ony 1986 jylghy aqpanda Qazaqstan Kompartiyasynyng XVI sezinde syngha alyp, ótkir sóz sói­ledi. Qatang әkimshilik-әmirshilik jýie jaghdayynda ol eski әri qighash tәrtipke qarsy shyghyp, aqyrynda óziniki dúrys ekenin dәleldep shyqty.

Mәselen, KSRO halyq deputat­ta­ry­nyng I sezinde ol bayandap bergen respub­liy­kanyng ekonomikasy men qoghamdyq ómi­rin­degi kezek kýttirmeytin mәselelerdi she­shuding iydeyalyq-sayasy baghdarlamasy zor yqy­laspen tyndalyp, keninen qoldau tapty. Sol kezderi Núrsúltan Nazarbaev Kenes Oda­ghynyng Premier-Ministri lauazymyna layyq eng bedeldi әri kóregen sayasatkerding biri boldy.

Jasampaz jana memleket

Alayda taghdyrdyng úigharymy bas­qasha bolyp, oghan ómirindegi basty missiyasy – Qazaqstannyng Túnghysh Preziydenti retinde tәuelsiz eldi bas­qaru mәrtebesi búiyrdy. Osy joghary basqaru organynda onyng Qazaqstan memleketining kórnekti basshysy, sәu­letshisi jәne negizin salushysy retin­degi tanghalarlyq quaty men erekshe daryny tolyghymen jarqyray kó­rindi.

Núrsúltan Nazarbaev Qazaqstan Res­publikasynyng tәuelsizdigin jariyalaghan 1991 jylghy 16 jeltoqsan әlemning sayasy kartasynda alghash ret payda bolghan jana memleket tarihynyng bastapqy belesi bolatyn. Onyng kýsh-jigerining arqasynda Qazaqstan odaqtyng bir kezdegi shetkeri respublikasynan Ortalyq Aziya­nyng kóshbasshysy retinde tanylghan, qarqyndy damyghan elge ainalatynyn sol kezde eshkim de kóz aldyna elestete almas edi. Jana memleket qúrghan ol ziyatkerlik jәne ruhaniy-qayratkerlik kýsh-quatyn ayanbay júmsap, kýndiz-týni enbek etti, osy orayda ózine de, ýzengilesterine de meylinshe qatang talap qoyyp, el ómirining barlyq ózekti mәselesi boyynsha sheshim qabyldap, tapsyrmalardyng oryndalu barysyn qadaghalap otyrdy. Qazaqstannyng keyingi zamandaghy tarihynda Núrsúltan Nazarbaevqa deyingi basshylardyng esh­qay­sysyna osynshama auqymdy jәne osynshama jauapkershiligi joghary isti qolgha alugha tura kelmegen edi. Sebebi, memleketti ýlgi boyynsha «qúrastyryp ala qoyatyn» eshqanday dayyn syzbalar nemese jobalar bolghan joq. Ol bәrin tek ózining týisigine, jinaghan tәjiriybesi men bilimine, úiymdastyrushylyq qabiletine, pikirlesteri men halyqtyng senimine arqa sýiey otyryp, alghash ret atqaryp shyqqan edi.

Onyng tikeley basshylyghymen Qa­zaq­stan Respublikasy ózining memle­kettik atributtaryna, qazirgi zamanghy Konstitusiyasyna ie boldy. Kóp elder­de moyyndalghan biylikti bólu qaghiy­da­ty Túnghysh Preziydentting kýsh-jigeri ar­qasynda jana demokratiyalyq mem­le­kettik instituttardyng ózegine ainaldy.

Elimiz halyqaralyq dengeyde keng tanymaldyqqa jәne әlemning je­tekshi memleketteri bergen qauip­sizdik kepil­digine qol jetkizdi, múnyng ózi kópjaqty syrtqy sayasy ynty­maq­tas­tyqtyng manyz­dy sharty sanaldy.

Últtyq valuta – tengening engizilui óz qarjy jýiemizdi qalyptastyryp, tәuelsiz aqsha-nesie sayasatyn qamtamasyz etuge mýmkindik berdi. Keyinge qaldyrugha bolmaytyn shúghyl sharalar qabyldaudyng arqasynda ónerkәsip kәsiporyndarynyng júmysy qalpyna keltirilip, qalalar men auyldar elektr quatymen ýzdiksiz qamtamasyz etilip, memleketting әleu­mettik mindettemelerining oryndaluyna jol ashyldy.

Syn-synaqpen betpe-bet

Qazaqstan memlekettiligining qa­lyp­­ta­suyndaghy syndarly kezeng bol­­­­ghan alghashqy onjyldyqta Tún­ghysh Preziydent bastamashylyq etken auqymdy naryqtyq jәne instiy­tu­­sionaldyq reformalar prosesi bas­tau aldy. Formasy men ózge­ris­te­­ri­ning mazmúny jóninen búl týbirli ózge­risterding maqsattylyghy men jýie­­­­liligi Núrsúltan Nazarbaevty Ja­­­poniyadaghy Meydzi, Týrkiyadaghy Ata­týrik, AQSh-taghy Ruzvelit, Ger­ma­niyadaghy Ludvig Erhard, Siyn­ga­purdegi Ly Kuan Yu, Qytaydaghy Den Syaopin siyaqty әlemning kórnekti reformatorlarynyng qataryna qos­ty. Elbasy múryndyq bolghan últ­tyq janghyrtu men evolusiyalyq óz­geristerding tabysty tәjiriybesin she­teldik sarapshylar «Qazaqstan joly», «Qazaqstannyng damu modeli» dep atady.

Reformatorlar әrdayym uaqyttan ozyp, alda jýredi. Sondyqtan olardyng bastamalary kóbine birden úghynylyp, qabyldana bermeydi, dereu qúptala qoymaydy, keyde tipti ashyqtan-ashyq qarsylyqqa tap bolady. Núrsúltan Nazarbaev ta eskilikten aryludy qalamaytyn kertartpa kýshterding qar­­­sylyghyn enserip, aghysqa qarsy jýr­di. Artta qalghan búrynghy ýmitsiz әleumettik-ekonomikalyq ýlgige qaytyp oralu mýmkin emestigine jәne onyng qauiptiligine senimdi bolghandyqtan, bәrin týbegeyli qayta qúrudy jón sanady. Núrsúltan Nazarbaev jankeshtilikti talap etetin búl iste ózgeshe qabileti men qiyndyqtardyng aldynda bas iymeytin qaytpas qaysarlyghyn kórsetti.

Sonymen qatar ol tiyisti algoritm­ge sýienip, reformalardy dolbarmen emes, jýieli jýrgizdi. Memlekettik qúrylystyng eng manyzdy mәseleleri jónindegi әdebiyetterdi aqtaryp, jana ilim-bilimdi sanasyna sinirdi. Ol dý­nie jýzine belgili reformatorlar – Singapurding búrynghy Premier-Miy­nistri Ly Kuan Yu, Úlybritaniyanyng búrynghy Premier-Ministri Margaret Tetcher, Malayziyanyng Premier-Ministri Mahathir Mohamad syndy túlghalarmen, sonday-aq batys әlemining ekonomika jónindegi kórnekti sarapshylarymen kezdesken sәtterinde búl elderde olardyng reformalarynyng qalay jýzege asyrylghanyna qyzyghushylyq tanytyp, sonyng barysynda qanday syn-qaterler men problemalar aldan shyqqany jәne onyng qalay enserilgeni turaly egjey-tegjeyli súrastyryp otyrdy. Shet­elderge saparlar barysynda naryqtyq tetikterding qoldanyluyn zerdeledi. Búl kezdesuler oilanyp-tolghanugha, ishtey baylam jasaugha septigin tiygizdi, eng bastysy, búdan әri qaray naqty jәne oryndy is-әreketter jasaugha baghyt siltedi.

Núrsúltan Nazarbaev reformalardy jýieli jýrgizuding kýrdeli mәselelerin sheshu barysynda tek әl-auqaty joghary baquatty qogham ghana demokratiyalyq qúndylyqtardy tiyisinshe qabylday alatynyn dúrys payymdap, ekonomikalyq damugha basymdyq beru jolyn tandap aldy. Egemendikting alghashqy qiyn-qystau jyldarynda halqy әreng kýn kórip jatqan Qazaqstan ýshin búl birden-bir qolayly qadam edi. Osylaysha «aldymen – ekonomika, sodan song – sayasat» formulasy eldegi býkil ózgerister pro­sesining qisynyn aiqyndap berdi.

1991 jyly Qazaqstan KSRO-dan keneui ketken ekonomikany múragha alyp qalghan bolatyn, elimiz shyn mәninde odaqtyq josparly jýiening shiykizattyq shylauy sanalatyn edi. Búrynghy kenestik respublikalardyng sharuashylyq sa­lasyndaghy baylanystarynyng byt-shyt bolyp ýzilui myzghymastay kórinetin jýieni tereng әleumettik-ekonomikalyq daghdarysqa әkelip tiredi. Túnghysh Pre­ziydent batyl, keyde kópke beymәlim jәne qatang naryqtyq reformalar jasaugha tәuekel etti, sebebi tek osylay ghana ekonomikanyng ósimin qamtamasyz etip, qogham túraqtylyghynyng tiregi – ornyqty ortasha tap qalyptastyrugha bolatyn edi.

Ózining halyqqa ýndeulerinde Túnghysh Preziydent myna jaytty basa aitatyn: masyldyq pen paternalizmnen arylu kerek, tabysqa jetip, órkendeu ýshin bastamashylyq pen jauapkershilikti óz moynyna alyp, óz kýshine senuing qajet. Ol tolyqqandy naryq qalyptastyru, jekemenshik institutyn qalyptastyru jәne júrtty kәsipkerlikke tartu ýshin memleket barlyq jaghdaydy jasaytynyn talmay aitumen boldy. Túnghysh Preziydent qoghamnyng daghdarystan shyghyp, ózining ekonomikalyq әleuetin dәleldeui ýshin naryqqa kóshu barysyndaghy barlyq qiyndyqqa shydauy qajet ekenin aityp, eldi osyghan shaqyrdy.

Onyng kýshti sayasy erik-jigeri men tәuekelshildigi, batyldyghy men ta­bandylyghy búrynghy shekten tys orta­lyqtanghan әkimshil-әmirshil ekono­mikany qazirgi zamanghy naryqtyq jýiege kóshirudi tarihy manyzy ja­ghy­nan útymdy әri qysqa merzimde jýzege asyrugha mýmkindik berdi. Qazaq­­stan Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng bas­shylyghymen postkenestik kenis­tiktegi eng tabysty әri auqymdy na­ryqtyq reformalardy jýzege asyru isinde kóshbasshygha ainaldy.

HH ghasyrda imperiyalar men odaqtas memleketterdi kýiretken basty sebepting biri etnosaralyq qayshylyqtar edi. Túnghysh Preziydent osy faktordyng erekshe manyzdylyghyn eskerip, qazaq­standyqtardyng etnostyq jәne diny erekshelikterine qaramastan, bәrining qúqyqtarynyng teng boluy memlekettik sayasattyng irgeli qaghidatynyng biri eke­nin jariyalady. Búl postulatty berik ústanu Qazaqstangha eng basty nәr­seni – beybitshilikti, tynyshtyqty, sayasy túraqtylyqty, etnosaralyq jәne konfessiyaaralyq tatulyqty qam­ta­masyz etuge mýmkindik berdi. Osy­lay­sha etnostyq әraluandyq elding stra­tegiyalyq artyqshylyghynyng faktoryna ainaldy.

Búrynghy kenestik derjavanyng kýre­sininde qalghan Qazaqstan Túnghysh Pre­ziydentting kýsh saluy arqasynda asa kýr­deli kýizelisti jaghdaydan jana sa­pa­da qayta týlep, ósip-órkendedi. Núrsúl­tan Nazarbaev atap kórsetkendey, janghyr­tu­dyng bastapqy kezeninde jan-jaqty daghdarysty enseru, ekonomikany qal­pyna keltiru, jana sayasy jýieni qalyp­tastyru mәseleleri sheshildi.

Damudyng danghyl jolymen

Elimiz ýlken joldyng bastauynda ghana túrghan bolatyn, Túnghysh Preziydent múny anyq týsindi. Jýieli, auqymdy oilaytyn ol әrdayym uaqyttyng kózge kórinetin kókjiyegining arghy jaghyna ýniluge tyrysty, oqighalar men proses­ter barysyn birer jyl erterek, tipti ondaghan jyldar búryn boljap-bilip otyrugha daghdylandy.

Túnghysh Preziydent memlekettik is­ter, protokoldyq is-sharalar, kezdesuler men issaparlar barysynda damugha qatysty mәselelerding bәrin ke­ninen tal­daugha, mýmkindikterdi baghalap, syn-qa­terlerdi saralaugha jәne óz elining pers­pektivalaryn aiqyndaugha әrdayym uaqyt bólip otyrdy. Kishi Senekanyng «Qay ailaqqa baratynyn bilmeytin keme ýshin eshqashan jel onynan soqpaydy» degen sózi sol tústa Qazaqstan bastan keship jatqan sәtting manyzdylyghyn aiqyn anghartatyn edi. Jahandyq bәsekelestik naryghynda elding búdan bylayghy damu vektory últtyq ekonomikany janghyrtu, yryqtandyru ynghayynda bolugha tiyis ekeni anyq-ty.

Qazaqstan osy jyldarda Tún­ghysh Preziydentting qajyrly ziyat­ker­­lik izdenisterining arqasynda jos­parlaudyng úzaq merzimge arnalghan stra­tegiyalarynan bastap, naqty is-әreketterge deyingi ózara ýiles bir qú­rylymgha baylanghan tútas jýiesin qúrugha qol jetkizdi. Mәn-manyzy batyl baylamgha negizdelgen «Qazaqstan – 2030» strategiyasynda elding ghalamshardaghy bәsekege eng qabiletti elu memleketting qa­taryna qosyluy baghdarlandy. Algha­shynda kýmәnmen qabyldanghan búl strategiya merziminen búryn oryndaldy. «Qazaqstan barysy sekiris jasady»: ekonomikanyng túraqty ósimi qamtamasyz etildi, naryq jolyna batyl qadam basqan ekonomikany janghyrtu bas­taldy. Kәsipkerlik sala ekonomikalyq damudyng sheshushi faktorynyng birine ainaldy. Azamattardyng әleumettik túrmys dengeyi ósti, túraqty ortasha tap qalyptasa bastady. Ekonomikalyq jәne sayasy reformalardyng jýieli ýi­le­simi azamattyq qogham instituttary – sayasy partiyalardyn, ýkimettik emes úiymdardyn, memlekettik emes BAQ-tyng odan әri damy týsuine yqpal etti.

Elordany Astanagha – qazirgi Núr-Súltan qalasyna kóshiru elding ózgeruin strategiyalyq baghyt etip ús­taghan betbúrysty qadam boldy. Jana әkimshilik jәne sayasy ortalyqty tyn­nan salu býkil Qazaqstannyn, eko­­nomika men qoghamnyng barlyq sala­­synyng damuyna zor yqpal etken mulitiplikativti nәtiyje berdi. Refor­malar jedeldedi, memlekettik biylik nyghaydy, halyqaralyq yntymaqtastyq jandandy. Ghasyrlar toghysyndaghy asa qysqa merzimde jýzege asqan, auqymy jóninen tendesi joq, innovasiyalyq baghdary jóninen asa batyl búl megajoba Túnghysh Preziydentting Qazaqstan qoghamyn toptastyru men biriktiru baghy­tyndaghy ruh kóterer quatty basta­malarynyng biri boldy. Jana elorda tәuelsiz Qazaqstannyng simvolyna, Tún­ghysh Preziydentting strategiyalyq kóz­qarasynyn, sayasy jigeri men enbegining jýzege asuynyn, qazaqstandyqtardyng armanynyng oryndaluy men ýmitining aqtaluynyng kórinisine ainaldy.

Jana astanagha qarap boy týzegen ónirlik ortalyqtardyng bәri janaryp-jasardy. Ásirese Túnghysh Preziydent Jarlyghymen 2018 jyly Týrkistan ob­lysynyng әkimshilik ortalyghy mәrte­besine ie bolghan kóne shahar Týrkistan aitarlyqtay ýlken ózgeristerdi bastan keshti.

Núrsúltan Ábishúlynyng qayrat­ker­lik qyzmetining taghy bir manyzdy qyry – tәuelsiz Qazaqstannyng basshy kadrlarynyng jana shoghyryn qalyp­­tastyrghany. Osy jyldar ishinde ol Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Preziydenti Qasym-Jomart Kemelúly Toqaev bas­taghan, elding Ýkimetin, ónirlerin bas­qarghan, alghashqy diplomattarymyz bar kórnekti memleket qayratkerleri tobyn tәrbiyelep shygharumen birge eldegi biylik tranziytining konstitusiyalyq zannama ayasynda ýilesimdi týrde jýzege asyryluyn qamtamasyz ete aldy.

HHI ghasyrdyng ekinshi onjyldyghy adamzattyng jahandyq transformasiya dәuirine qadam basuymen este qalmaq. Sonyng barysynda әlemde adamdardyng tyghyz qarym-qatynasyna jәne aqparat almasu jyldamdyghynyng artuyna baylanysty «sifrly órkeniyettin» negizi qalanyp, sayasatta, ekonomikada, bizneste jәne mәdeniyette janasha jaghday qalyptasty. Sonymen qatar әlemdik damudyng proporsiyasyndaghy sәikessizdik kýsheydi, damyghan jәne damushy memleketter arasyndaghy resurstargha, teh­no­logiyalargha qoljetimdilikting tensizdigi artty. Túnghysh Preziydent elding jana syn-qaterlerge beyimdeluine, jahandyq bәsekege qabilettiligin nyghaytugha qajet­tilikting zor ekenin kóre bilip, «Qazaqstan – 2050» strategiyasyna bastamashy boldy.

Qazaqstandy әlemning eng damyghan otyz elining qataryna qosudy maqsat tútqan búl baghdarlama arqyly ekonomikany, sayasy jәne qoghamdyq salalardy baylanystyryp, eldi jýieli janghyrtu qolgha alyndy. Memlekettik apparatty janghyrtugha, azamattyq jәne qúqyqtyq instituttardyng júmysyn jetildiruge, ekonomikany odan әri iyn­dustriyalandyrugha baghyttalghan Institu­sionaldyq bes reforma men «100 naqty qadam» últ jospary búl prosesting qúramdas bóligine ainaldy. Sonymen bir­ge elde industriyalyq-innovasiya­lyq damu baghdarlamasyn jalghastyru nәtiy­jesinde mynnan astam jana óndiris orny qúrylyp, innovasiyalyq ekonomika­nyng jana salalary men segmentteri qa­lyptasty.

Túnghysh Preziydent bastamashylyq etken, ózgeristerding qisyndy buynyna ainalghan sayasy reforma tek maqsat qana emes, jedel ózgerip jatqan әlemde memlekettin, biylik instituttarynyng bәsekege qabilettiligin arttyrugha degen úmtylystyng nәtiyjesi edi. Búl mem­­lekettik basqaru jýiesin super­preziydenttik modeliden preziydenttik-parlamenttik ýlgige tranzitteuding bas­talghanyn anghartatyn.

Osylaysha ózara baylanysty konseptualdy qadamdar arqyly Qazaqstandy ornyqty damudyng jana sapaly dengeyine shygharu ýshin auqymdy institusionaldyq túghyrnama qalyptastyryldy. Núrsúltan Nazarbaev atap ótkenindey, qazirgi jagh­dayda jeke adamnyng ghana emes, sonymen birge býkil memleketting de bәse­kege qabilettiligining faktory bolyp sanala­tyn adamy kapitaldyng sapasy, individterding biliktiligi men mashyghy búl proseste sheshushi ról atqarady.

Sonymen birge Núrsúltan Nazar­baevtyng oiynsha, eldi transformasiyalau baghytynda jýrip jatqan proseske qoghamdyq sananyng ózgerisi de ilesip oty­rugha tiyis-tin. Ol әldeneshe ret atap kórsetkendey, Qazaqstan jahandanudyng aghyny kýshti tasqynynda jútylyp ketpey, әlemdik progress danghylymen il­geriley otyryp, ózining derbes erek­sheligin saqtay bilui kerek edi.

Onyng búl mәselege erekshe nazar auda­ruyn tek syrtqy kuliturologiyalyq faktorlardy eskergendigi dep qana emes, halqy men elining bolashaghy turaly oilauy jәne ózining ishki ruhany intensiyasy dep týsindiruge bolady. El basqarghan jyldarynyng bәrinde de ol ózin tughan tilinin, halqynyng mәdeniyeti men tarihynyng naghyz patrioty retinde kórsetti, búl mәseleler әrdayym onyng jiti nazarynda boldy. Múnday sergek kózqaras halyqtyng ruhany órleu prosesin bayypty ghylymy jәne institusionaldy túrghydan negizdeu baghytyndaghy jýieli jәne úzaq merzimdi sharalarmen dәiekteldi. Núrsúltan Nazarbaev «Ruhany janghyru» jalpyúlttyq iydeologemasynda kórsetken ruhany múrany, últtyq kodty, úrpaqtar sabaqtastyghyn saqtap qaludyng manyzdylyghy turaly qaghidalar elimizding jas úrpaghy ýshin úlaghatty ýndeuge ainaldy.

Bitimgershilik belesteri

Túnghysh Preziydent tәuelsizdik kezenining basynan beri syrtqy saya­sat salasyna barynsha mәn berdi. Qa­zaqstannyng egemendigi men qauipsizdigin qamtamasyz etken útymdy diplomatiya elding últtyq mýddesin ilgeriletu barysyndaghy basty tetikting biri bol­dy. Qazirgi zamanghy kóppolyarly әlemdik tәrtipting ahualyn eskere oty­ryp, ol halyqaralyq kezdesuler men baylanystardy jolgha qoydy, kóp­vektorly yntymaqtastyq pen pragmatizm qaghidattary negizinde syrtqy sayasatymyzdy aiqyndady.

Týrli úsynys jasalyp, uәde beril­ge­nine qaramastan, ol qauipsizdikti yadrolyq qaru iyelenu jolymen emes, jauapty memleket qúru arqyly qamtamasyz etudi jón kórdi. Núrsúltan Nazarbaev әlem­degi eng ýlken synaq orny – Semey yadrolyq poligonyn jauyp, elimizding beybitsýigish sayasatyn sóz jýzinde emes, is jýzinde kórsetip, naghyz tarihy aktini jýzege asyrdy.

Onyng qajyrly enbegining arqasynda qalyptasqan senimdi infraqúrylymnyn, tyghyz halyqaralyq yntymaqtastyq pen seriktestikting nәtiyjesinde Qazaqstan eleuli jetistikterge qol jetkizdi. Ózining barlyq kórshisimen syndarly, senimdi qarym-qatynas ornatty. Qazaqstan óz tarihynda túnghysh ret shekarasyn bar­lyq jaghynan shegendep, halyqaralyq dengeyde moyyndaldy. Búl memleket qúru jolyndaghy airyqsha manyzdy beles sanalatyn asa zor jәne sheshushi jetistik bolatyn.

Túnghysh Preziydentting ekijaqty mem­lekettik yntymaqtastyqty, halyq­aralyq is-әreketti jolgha qong men damytu baghytyndaghy pragmativti qadamy ózara tiyimdi kelisimderge qol jetkiziluin jәne ekonomikagha milliardtaghan qarjy kóleminde investisiya tartyluyn qam­tamasyz etti.

Núrsúltan Nazarbaev Euraziya ke­nis­­tigindegi integrasiyalyq pro­ses­­­terding basty dem berushisi jәne úiym­­dastyrushysy boldy. Qúr­lyq­taghy memleketterding keng auqymdaghy ekonomikalyq integrasiyasy qa­jet ekenine meylinshe senimdilik ta­nyt­­qan ol óz iydeyasyn jýieli týr­de naq­ty jýzege asyrugha kiristi. Onyng institusionaldyq kórinisi – tauar­lardyn, qyzmettin, kapital men jú­­­­­mys kýshining erkin qozghalysyna ar­nalghan quatty integrasiyalyq bir­les­­tik – Euraziya ekonomikalyq odaghy boldy.

Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng jahandyq jәne ónirlik qauipsizdikti qamtamasyz etu salasyndaghy, sonday-aq ózara se­nimge negizdelgen, yntymaqtastyq pen seriktestikti nyghaytu baghytyndaghy jana halyqaralyq qúrylymdar qa­lyp­tas­ty­rudaghy ózekti bastamalary eli­mizding ha­ly^­­qaralyq arenadaghy bede­lin ny­ghaytty.

Onyng geosayasy prosesterding ózara tәueldiligi men baylanystylyghy turaly tereng payymdauy Qazaqstannyng kóptegen syn-qaterler men qauipterdi ainalyp ótip, tengerimdi sayasy baghyt ústanyp, tabysty ilgerileuine septigin tiygizdi. Al ónirdegi shiyelenister men qayshylyqtardy sheshu isindegi bel­sendi bitimgershilik kýsh-jigeri býkil halyqaralyq qoghamdastyqtyng oghan degen shynayy qúrmeti men senimin oyatty.

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Kóptegen sayasatker men qogham qay­ratkerlerining moyyndauynsha, Túnghysh Preziydent – jahandyq auqymda oilay biletin, asa tanymal әlem­dik dengeydegi kóshbasshynyng biri. Bey­bitsýigish jәne barshagha qúshaghy ashyq, jarqyn bo­lashaqqa kóz tikken Qazaqstan – túlgha retindegi úlylyghy men terendigine uaqyt pen ómirding ózi biyik baghasyn bergen Túnghysh Preziydentting eren enbegining jemisi.

Mahmút Qasymbekov,

Qazaqstan Respublikasy Túnghysh Preziydenti – Elbasy Kensesining basshysy

Abai.kz