Songhy jyldary auanyng kómirqyshqyl gaz jәne basqa zattarmen lastanuy saldarynan jer shary boyynsha onyng ortasha temperaturasynyng ýnemi kóterilui ýlken qater tudyruda. Búl jer aumaghynyng basym kópshiligine ylghal mardymsyz týsetin, su resurstary tapshy, ózenderining kópshiligi transshekaralyq elder ýshin ózekti mәselening birine ainaldy.

Birikken Últtar Úiymynyng (BÚÚ) boljamy boyynsha shamamen 20-25 jyldan keyin Qazaqstan su tapshylyghyn tartatyn elderding biri. Elimizding ózenderining kópshiligi, Ertis pen Ile Qytay  aumaghynan, Shu men Talas Qyrghyzstannan bastalsa, Syrdariya, Shyrshyq pen Keles ózenderi Ózbekstan arqyly ótedi. Songhy elmen 1998 jyly  Syrdariya ózenin tiyimdi paydalanu jayly kelisim shart jasalghanmen ol ylghy oryndala bermeydi. Kókónis, jemis jiydek, maqta, jýgeri men maybúrshaq jәne t.b. sugharmaly daqyldardy egetin Týrkistan, Jambyl, Almaty oblystarynyn  sharuaqojalyqtary jaz ailarynda  su tapshylyghyn jii bayqaydy.

Kóktemde tasqyn nemese topan sulardan zardap shegetin aimaqtarymyzdyng kópshiliginde egisterdi sugharudy bylay qoyghanda, túrghyndargha qajet auyzsudyn  tapshylyghyn  kórip otyrghan auyldar  bar ekeni belgili. Memleket jәne jergilikti әkimshilikter tarapynan baqylaudyng joqtyghynan keyde  qúrylys materialdaryn (qiyrshyq qúm men  tas) dayyndaushylar men  paydaly qazba  (altyn jәne t.b. metalldar) izdegender ózen arnasy men jaghalaularyn qoparyp, bógetter jasap, auyl túrghyndaryn auyzsusyz qaldyrady. Osynday jaghday ótken jyly Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysynda oryn alsa, jaqynda kenish qazghandar Týrkistan oblysynyng birneshe auyldaryn susyz qaldyrypty. Jer bederining erekshelikterin eskere otyryp, kóktemgi say salagha ketetin qar suyn jinap saqtaytyn  su qoymalaryn jasap, keyin shabyndyqtardy sugharugha paydalanghan tiyimdi bolar edi.

Býgingi tanda su resurstaryn baqylau men qadaghalaudy «Ekologiya jәne tabighy resurstar» jәne «Tótenshe jaghdaylar ministrlikteri», tiyimdi paydalanu mәselelerimen «Auylsharuashylyq ministrligi», oblystyq, audandyq jәne auyldyq әkimshilikter ainalysady. Ókinishke oray atalghan mekemelerding júmystarynda ýilesimdik bola bermeytindikten biraz qarapayym mәseleler sheshimin tappay, ýlken týitkilge ainaluda.

Týrkistan oblysynyng túrghyny, tәjiriybeli maman Q.Súltanov Abai.kz portalynda jariyalanghan maqalasynda osy kýnge deyin su sharuashylyghy mәselesi sheshimin tappay kele jatqan týitkilding birine ainalghanyn, elimiz egemendik alghannan keyin Su sharuashylyghy jәne melliorasiya ministrligi taratylyp, su qorlaryn qadaghalau men tiyimdi paydalanu Auylsharuashylyq ministrligining qúzyretine kóshkenin, japay jekeshelendiruge baylanysty irrigasiyalyq  nysandar men jýieler jeke túlghalardyng menshigine berilgenin jazypty. Avtor olardyng kóshiligi iske atýsti qaraytynyn, nәtiyjesinde qiraghan su ghimarattary men beton naualar, isten shyqqan sugharu  jýieleri men qamys basqan kanaldardan  milliardtaghan  kubometr ylghal jerge sinip, ysyrap bolyp jatqanyna nazar audarypty.  Osynday jaghday  Almatynyng kýnshyghysynda  Shelekke deyingi avtokólik jolynyng boyynda bayqalady. Búryn irrigasiya  jýieleri  jýrgizilip, dәndi jәne kókónis daqyldary egilgen  jýzdegen gektar sugharmaly jerlerdi qamys basyp ketken.

Mәjilis deputaty M. Baqtiyarúlynyng QR Ýkimet basshysy A.Maminge sәuir aiynda joldaghan saualynda  bir milliongha juyq halyq túryp jatqan Qyzylorda  oblysynda su tapshylyghy  basty týitkilge ainalghanyna nazar audarypty.  Oblys aumaghynda injenerlik jýiege keltirilgen 180 myng gektar sugharmaly jer bar, búl  elimiz boyynsha  16 payyzdy qúraydy, su resurstarynyng 43 payyzy tútynylady. Kýrish 84,4 myng gektargha, kókónis pen baqsha daqyldary 18,5 myng gektar jerge egilmek. Avtor syr elining taghdyry Syrdariya ózenimen baylanysty ekenine,  songhy jyldary Kishi Araldyng kólemi 5 mlrd tekshemetrge azayghanyna toqtalypty. Onyng jaghalauyndaghy 207 kólding tek 45-ine kóktemde su tolady eken, Qamystybas jaghalaudan 200-300 metrge qashyqtaghan. Osydan 15 jylday  búryn qabyldanghan su resurstaryn basqaru turaly zang qazirgi talaptargha jauap bere almaytynyna nazar audarypty.

Resmy aqparattargha qaraghanda ýstimizdegi jyly Syrdariya alqabynda 13,7 mlrd kubometr, Shardara su qoymasynda 4792 mln kubometr, Kóksarayda  1404 mln  kubometr su qory jinaqtalghan. Búl kórsetishter ylghal tapshy bolghan ótken jylmen salystyrghanda biraz tómen, demek biyl  jaghday qiynyraq bolatyny qazirden belgili bolyp otyr. Osyghan baylanysty Qyzylorda dihandary negizgi daqyl - kýrishting egis kólemin 5 myng gektargha qysqartpaq bolghan edi, endi  10 myng gektargha tómendetuge mәjbýr bolyp otyr.

Qytay aumaghy arqyly ótetin Ile jәne Almaty oblysyndaghy ózenderde su qorynyng tómendep, sayazdanuyna baylanysty  Balqash  kóli de Araldyng taghdyryn qaytalauy mýmkin. Kórshimiz  Ile ózeni boyyndaghy sugharmaly egis kólemin bir mln gektargha jetkizgen, demek elimizge jetetin su mólsheri azaya týsedi. Osydan elu jylday búryn Sharyngha qúyatyn Kegen ózeninen atty adam arnayy ótkelder arqyly ghana ótetin bolsa, qazir arnasynyng kez kelgen jeri ótkel, su attyng tizesinen әreng asady. Tyanishannyng qarly shyndarynan bastalatyn Qarqara ózeni mausym men shilde ailarynda tasyghan kezde qozy men laqtardy, biraz jerge  aghyzatyn bolsa, qazir su attyng tilerseginen ghana keledi.

Tәlimi jerlerge qaraghanda sugharmaly egisterding týsimdiligi men tiyimdiligi әlde qayda joghary ekeni belgili. Resmy derekterge qaraghanda elimizde sugharmaly jerding kólemi 2,2 mln gektar,  ­ótken jyly 1,6 mln gektary paydalanylypty.  Sugharu jýielerining isten shyghuy jәne t.b. sebepterden  600 myng gektar jer paydagha aspaghan. Auylsharuashylyq ministri O.Saparovtyng aldaghy on jylda sugharmaly jerdin  kólemin on esege juyq ósiruge bolady degen  mәlimdemesining iske asuy  eki talay. Su tapshylyghyna baylanysty elimizde   olardyng kólemi qysqara bermese kóbeymeytini anyq.

Su resurstaryn ýnemdeuding eng tiyimdi joly daqyldardy tamshylap sugharu, ótken jyly búl tәsil  14 payyz sugharmaly egisterde ghana qoldanylypty, demek 200 myng gektardan aspaydy. Shaghyn qojalyqtar ýshin búl onay sharua emes, egis tanaptaryna elektr jýiesi jýrgizilui qajet, sugharu qúrylghylaryn ornatu  qymbatqa týsedi,  shyghyn tórt bes jyldan keyin ghana aqtalady.  Osydan on jylday búryn Qazaq ósimdik jәne eginsharuashylyghy instituty kýzdik biday men jýgeri, maylybúrshaq daqyldaryn jaldap ekken jaghdayda sebiletin túqym men egisterdi sugharugha ketetin ylghal mólsheri eki-ýsh ese ýnemdeletinin anyqtaghan edi. SIMMIT halyqaralyq ortalyghynyng kómegimen Ýndistan men Meksikadan  institutqa tәjiriybelik maqsatqa  paydalanu ýshin eki  seyalka әkelingen edi. Búl tehnologiya elimizding ontýstigi men ontýstik shyghys aimaqtarynda óndiris jaghdayynda synaqtan ótip, asa timdi ekenine  fermerlerding kózi jetken. Institut ghalymy professor J. Ospanbaev kópjyldyq tanaptyq tәjiriybeler arqyly  Almaty oblysynyng shóldala aimaghynda  kýrish daqylyn tamshylap sugharu әdisimen ósiruge bolatynyn, búl tәsil ósu kezeninde júmsalatyn su qoryn on eseden asa ýnemdeytinin anyqtaghan edi. Ókinishke oray  búl janalyqtar  óndiriske endirilmedi, basty sebebi elimizde daqyldardyng túqymyn jaldap sebetin arnayy seyalkanyng bolmauy jәne tamshylap sugharu әdisining asa kýrdeliligi.

Eng bastysy biz halyqty, qala men auyl túrghyndaryn auyzsudy ýnemdi paydalanugha ýiretip, tәrbiyeleuimiz kerek.  Ile Alatauynyng múzdaqtary erip, kólemi jyl sayyn azayyna baylanysty 10-15  jyldan keyin Almaty túrghyndarynyng ózi adamnyn  tirshilik-nәri auyzsugha zar boluy mýmkin.  Men qalanyng kýnbatysyndaghy Asqarov pen Sadyqov kóshelerining boyymen kýndelikti seruendegende  qazirgi baylar túratyn han sarayynday jekejaylardyng ainalasynda kólemi  0,05-0,10 gektargha jetetin kógaldar týni boyy janbyrlata sugharylyp, negizgi baylyghymyz  bosqa ysyrap bolyp jatqanyn  bayqap, ishim ashidy.

Múrat Qoyshybaev

Abai.kz