«Kәri Shynghystau! Adam jerge ie bolghannan beri qaray sening kórmegening joq. Shynghys, Temir siyaqty talay-talay sayypqyrandardy qolynnan jónelttin. Sende talay adamnyng qúmary qanyp, quanghany da boldy, jýregi janyp, sualghany da boldy. Talay-talay talpynghan jas jýrek múratyna da jetti. Talay baqytsyzdyng jaryq kýndey ýmiti de ýzilip te ketti», – dep Shәkәrim babamyz aitqandayyn, syryn ishine býkken Shynghystaudyng qasiyetti topyraghynan jaralyp, qalyng qazaghynyng ghana emes, әlemning ghúlamasy men danyshpany bolyp, adamzattyng aqyny men klassik jazushysy, danagóy pәlsafasyshy atanghan Úly túlghalardyng osy topyraqta jaraluynyng da tylsym syry bary aqiqat.

Ol taghdyr men tabighattyng qúdiretti syiy da ekendigi aiqyn. Kәri Shynghystaudyng Úlylar mekenine ainaluynyng da sebebi osy bolmaqqa kerek. Sonymen qatar Úlylyqqa jetuding joly - Ata ónegesi men Ana tәrbiyesinen bastau alar tereng bilim men aqiqat maqsatpen ýirengen ghylym ekeni de dausyz.

Tal besikke bólengen sәtten ómir mektebi bizge degen tәlimin tәrtip mýddesimen jýieley otyryp jýzege asyrady. Adam balasy qashanda izdeu men izdenuding arasynda, talpynys pen enbekqorlyqtyng nәtiyjesinde dóp qoyghan nysangha dәl tiyip, kózdegen maqsatyna «aqyryn jýrip anyq basumen» jetedi.

«Bilim iynemen qúdyq qazghanday». Dәl osy tәmsil sóz oy baqqan babalarymyzdyng ózeginen gýldey júparyn taratqan danalyq. Eseye kele esti sóileu men bilikti bolugha degen úmtylys bilim men biluge jeteleydi. Danalyqty boyyna qondyryp týrlente bilgen adamdar qanshama. Solardyng biri erteden el taghdyryna aralasyp, sóilegen sózi qozyjauyryn jebedey qúrsauly sauytty tesip ótetin, múz jastanyp jatsa da dybys shygharmas qaysar minezimen, sheshendigi men turalyghymen, әdildigi men parasattylyghymen manayyn moyyndatqan – Qúnanbay edi.

Qúnanbay – oqudy zor baghalaghan. Ol ózining jәne auyldastarynyng balalaryn oqytumen qatar, eline, ainalasyna bilim taratyp ústazdyq jasar kózi ashyq, kókiregi oyau jandardy asa qúrmettegen. Dala súltanynan Agha súltandyqqa jetken Qúnanbaydyng auylyna kelip, elining bilim sauatyn ashyp, qazaq dalasyna órkeniyetting shamyn jaqqan, tuystay bolyp ketken adamdar bar. Olar – Ghabithan Ghabdynazarúly, Týrkistan jaqtan kelgen Berdiqoja, Qazaqpay atanyp ketken Ghabdolla siyaqty jandar. Qúnanbaydyng bastamasymen bala oqytyp, ústazdyq qúryp, yaky bolmasa el ishine oqu-bilim, ghibratty din jolyn taratqan osy adamdardyng enbegi esh úmytylmaqqa kerek.

Zamanynan ozyq tughan Qúnanbay óz balalaryn ghana oqytudy maqsat tútpay, el ishine bilim shamshyraghyn jaghudy kózdegen. 1845 jyly qantar aiynda Shekara basqarmasyna óz auylynda uchiliyshe ashu jóninde aryz joldaydy. Arhiv derekterinde saqtalghanday osy jazylghan ótinishke sol kezdegi agha súltan Qúspek Taukiyn: «Kishik-tobyqty bolysynyng starshyny Qúnanbay Óskenbaev 3 qantar kýni bayanhatynda: ózi basqaryp otyrghan qazaqtardyng qamy ýshin uchiliyshe ashyp, aziyalyqtardyng balasyn oryssha oqytqysy keletinin aityp, aziattardyng tilin biletin orys múghalimin jiberuin ótinedi»,– dep qol qoyady. «Shekara basqarmasy Óskenbaevtyng búl tilegin maqúldaghanmen, eki tildi birdey biletin múghalim tabyla bermeytindikten, sol tobyqty elindegi tilmәshi qyzmetten bos uaqytynda múghalim retinde paydalanudy úsynady. Keyin Qúnanbay «Eski tam» degen mektep ashyp, onda eskishe sauatty Ghabithan Ghabdynazarúly degen noghaydy múghalim etip, kóp jyl ústaghan. Balalary Qúdayberdi, Tәnirberdi, Ibrahim (Abay), Ysqaq, Ospan, Haliollanyng bәri de alghashqy sauatyn osy mektepte ashqan. Qúnanbay balalarynyng bilimin odan әri jalghastyrugha da erekshe yntyzar boldy. Abaydy Semeydegi jana ýlgidegi jadidtik baghyttaghy diny medresege berdi. Haliollany 1859 jyly Omby kadet korpusyna oqugha jiberdi. Ol múny bitirgen son, Moskvadaghy әskery uchiliyshege týsuine qamqorshy boldy», – deydi belgili ghalym Túrsyn Júrbay aghamyz.

Dәl osy «Eski tam» túrghysynda abyz aqsaqal Ahat Shәkәrimúly esteliginde: «Qazaq balalarynyng oqyghanyn arman etip kóksegen Qúnanbay ózining kýzeginen eng alghash tam saldyryp, sauyn mal, azyq jinap berip, ainalasyndaghy balalaryn, óz balalaryn oqytqan. Qúnanbaydyng alghash qoyghan oqytushysy Baydalynyng Sarymoldasy dep atalyp ketken. Ruy noghay Múhamed degen jogharghy oquy bar adam bolghan. Onan keyin Ghabithandy qoyghan. Jylyna Tashkentke bir ret keruen jiberip, órik, meyiz, kýrish jәne shyghys әdebiyetshilerining shygharmalaryn, týrik tilindegi kitaptardy, «Myng bir týn» siyaqty arghy zamandaghy ertegilerdi, qissa kitaptardy aldyryp otyratyn bolghan. Búlargha qosa ghibadat islamiya, tәpsir, múhtasar siyaqty týrli diny kitaptardy da aldyratyn bolghan. Sóitip Sarymolda elge qosylmay, sol tamda balalardy oqytyp jatatyn bolghan, ol bala oqytqan kýzekting orny býgin bar. Ol qonysty «Eski tam» dep ataydy»,– dep kórsetken.

«Ghabithan 1857 jyldan Zere bәibishe men Qúnanbay «Esenbay jyrasy» degen jerde saldyrghana medresede, keyinnen 1880 jyldan Abaydyng Jiydebayda túrghyzghan medrese ýiinde dәris beredi», – deydi Beybit Saparaly.

Árham aqsaqaldyng esteliginde bylay dep jazylghan: «Qúnanbay auyldary qystauynan erte qar ery bastasymen kóship Qyzyljal, Nayzatas, Eski tam deytúghyn kýzeu qoralaryna qonady. Kýz bolsa osy kýzeu qorada qar eki-ýsh jaughansha otyrady. Maldyng qys jayylatyn jerin keyinge saqtaydy. Búl mezgilderde suyq kiyiz ýide balalargha oqu qiyn bolghandyqtan, Qúnanbay Eski tam degen mol sudyng basynan jiyrma shaqty bala siyp, jatyp oqyrlyq medrese salghyzyp, Ghabiytqandy shәkirtterimen sonda ornalastyrady. Segiz jasqa kelip oqugha jaraghan song Abaydy da osy medresege oqugha týsiredi».

Bayqasaq, Shynghystau ónirine bilim nәrin seuip, jaryq sәulesin tókken, oqu-bilim arqyly adam bolasyng dep aldyn boljap, bastama kótergen qazaqqa ortaq Qúnanbay ekeni aiqyn. Tayaqty әlipke auystyryp, bilimning órisin óz bolystyghynda órkendetip, ary qaray qazaq jerine taratqan qajynyng eren enbegin aityp ótpeske bolmaydy. Osy әke tәlimin kórgen úldary últtyng qamy ýshin bilim joryghyna úqyptylyqpen attandy. Attanyp qana qoyghan joq, ary qaray jalghastyryp әketti.

Abaydyng qyrda jatyp-aq orys klassikterin qazaqshagha audaruy, ony el arasyna nasihattaumen shúghyldanuy, ol az bolghanday orys tili arqyly Bayron, Gete, Shiller, Duma, Miskevichterdi zerdelep, qazaqsha sóiletuge tyrysuy, tipti kóne Grek, ejelgi Rim dәuirlerine terendep, Aristoteli men Sokrattan bastap, Spinoza men Spenserge deyingi asa kórnekti oishyldardy zertteui onyng halyq mýddesi ýshin atqarghan orasan zor enbegi, sonday-aq, әke izin jalghaudaghy abyroyly mindeti boldy.

«Adam ómirining maqsaty – kemeldenu men jetilu», - deydi Abay. Ózining sózine dәiekteme retinde ol óz balalaryn oqu-bilimge baulydy. Túla boyy túnghyshy Aqylbay talantty dombyrashy bolady, әn aitudy, óleng shygharudy mashyq etedi, al qyzy Kýlbadandy Semey qalasyndaghy orys mektebinde oqytqan. Erekshe ýmit kýtken balasy Ábdirahmandy (Ábishti) 1882 jyly Semeydegi uezdik mektepke beredi. 1886-89 jyly Tumen qalasyndaghy Aleksandr realdyq uchiliyshening 5, 6, 7-klastaryn oqyp bitiredi. 1889-92 jyldary Sank-Peterburgte Mihaylov artilleriya uchiliyshesinde 3 jyl oqyp bilim alady. Ol uchiliysheni óte jaqsy degen baghamen bitirgen. Janynday jaqsy kórgen balasy Maghauiyany toghyz jasynan bastap Múhamedkәrim degen tatar moldasynan sauat ashqyzyp, ary qaray Semeydegi orys mektebine oqugha beredi. 1885 jyldan bastap Maghauiya әkesining tәrbiyesinde bolady. Ol ýnemi Abaydyng ósiyet, nasihatyn zer salyp tyndap, óz betimen izdenip, bilimin kóteredi. Orys ghalymdary men kórnekti jazushylarynyng enbekterimen tanysyp, kóp bilim alady. Taspiyqtyng tasynday jipke tizip tizbektey bersek úly aqynnyng úrpaqtary týgeldey bilim men ghylymgha suysyndap ósken eren túlghalar. Olardyng әr qaysysy últ ýshin qyzmet jasap, keler úrpaqqa kemel bilimderin jetkizip ketti.

Jogharyda aitqanymyzday, oqu-bilim arqyly adam bolasyng dep aldyn boljap, bastama kótergen Qúnanbay ashqyzghan Shynghystau ónirine bilim nәrin seuip, jaryq sәulesin tókken kiyeli orda Eski Tam el tarihynda qazaq barda, Abay barda mәngi saqtalary anyq.

Jandos Áubәkir,

«Abay akademiyasy» GhZY diyrektory, f.gh.k., dosent

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