Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Preziydenti N.Nazarbaev 2012 jyldyng 14 jeltoqsanyndaghy «Qazaqstan – 2050» strategiyasy – qalyptasqan memleketting jana sayasy baghyty» atty Qazaqstan halqyna Joldauynda 2025 jyldan bastap әlipbiyimizdi latyn әrpine kóshiru jóninde aitqan-dy. Olay bolsa, endi kýn tәrtibine latyn grafikasyna kóshu kerek pe, joq pa degen súraq emes, qanday  núsqany qabyldaymyz degen mәsele qoyylyp otyr.

Biraq búl mәsele әlipbiyimizge әripter tandaumen ghana sheshile salayyn dep túrghan joq. Sebebi orys tilindegi sózderdi óz kýiinshe jazu ýshin búrynyraqta әlipbiyimizge ana tilimizde joq dybystardy belgileytin әripterding alynghany jәne orfografiyamyzgha qazaq tili tabighatyna sәikes kelmeytin erejelerding engizilgeni belgili. Tipti emlemizde u men iy-ding jazyluy siyaqty 70 jyl boyy dauly bolyp kele jatqan  mәseleler de bar. Biz búl maqalamyzda osy y men u-gha qatysty kózqarasymyzdy bayandamaqshymyz.

Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Preziydenti N.Nazarbaev 2012 jyldyng 14 jeltoqsanyndaghy «Qazaqstan – 2050» strategiyasy – qalyptasqan memleketting jana sayasy baghyty» atty Qazaqstan halqyna Joldauynda 2025 jyldan bastap әlipbiyimizdi latyn әrpine kóshiru jóninde aitqan-dy. Olay bolsa, endi kýn tәrtibine latyn grafikasyna kóshu kerek pe, joq pa degen súraq emes, qanday  núsqany qabyldaymyz degen mәsele qoyylyp otyr.

Biraq búl mәsele әlipbiyimizge әripter tandaumen ghana sheshile salayyn dep túrghan joq. Sebebi orys tilindegi sózderdi óz kýiinshe jazu ýshin búrynyraqta әlipbiyimizge ana tilimizde joq dybystardy belgileytin әripterding alynghany jәne orfografiyamyzgha qazaq tili tabighatyna sәikes kelmeytin erejelerding engizilgeni belgili. Tipti emlemizde u men iy-ding jazyluy siyaqty 70 jyl boyy dauly bolyp kele jatqan  mәseleler de bar. Biz búl maqalamyzda osy y men u-gha qatysty kózqarasymyzdy bayandamaqshymyz.

Qazirgi kezde emle erejeleri men oqulyqtarda  dauyssyz y, ў-larmen qatar qoldanylyp kele jatqan i, u әripterining әuelgi kezde yi, iy jәne úў, ýў qosarlaryn belgileu ýshin engizilgeni belgili. Biraq uaqyt óte kele olar oqulyqtarda qosar dauystylar nemese dauystylar dep atalyp ketti. Olardyng qosar dauysty dep ataluyna basqa elderde dauystydan keyin kelgen y men ў-dyng buyn qúramaytyn dauysty dep ataluy sebepshi bolghan-au dep oilaymyz. Búl aradaghy qiyndyq y men u-dyng dauysty dep ataluy qazaq tilindegi birneshe zandylyqqa núqsan keltirude. Mysaly, su, by degen sózderge tәueldik jalghauyn jalghasaq, suy, bii dep jazylady da, qazaq tilining ýsh zandylyghy oryndalmaydy. Birinshiden, dauysty dybysqa tәueldik jalghauy sy, si týrinde jalghanudyng ornyna y, i bolyp jalghanady. Ekinshiden, eki dauysty (u men y, y men i) qatar kelip túr. Ýshinshiden, birinshi buynnan basqalary dauystydan bastalmauy kerek edi, búlardaghy ekinshi buyn y men i-den bastalady. Osyghan baylanysty kórnekti ghalym Álimhan Jýnisbek aghamyz «Qazaq tilinde dauysty y men dauysty u degen bolmaydy, dauyssyz y men dauyssyz ў ghana bolady. Olardy úў, ýў jәne yi, iy qosar dybystary retinde qarastyrayyq, sonda barlyq qayshylyqtan qútylamyz», –  deydi. Búghan biz de qosylamyz.

 Alayda ol kisining u men iy-di qysqartyp, ornyna úў, ýў jәne yi, iy dep eki әrip jazu jónindegi úsynysyn qúptay almaymyz. Óitkeni, qazaq tilinde búlay jazghanmen, bionika, Tula siyaqty ghylymiy-tehnikalyq terminder men halyqaralyq ataulardy biyóniyka, Túўla dep jaza almaymyz ghoy. Múnday sózderdi halyqaralyq standartqa say jazu júrt ýshin emes, ózimiz ýshin kerek emes pe? Osynday qiynshylyqqa baylanysty qazaq sózi men halyqaralyq sózderge eki týrli ereje qoldanu jóninde oy tuady. Biraq odan ne útamyz? Múnymyz qolayly bola qoya ma? Mysaly, «biyt» dep jaz dese, qay bitti jazayyn, informatika termiynin be, jәndikti me dep súraymyz ba? Al, jaqsy súray qoyayyq, informatika termiynin bit dep, jәndikti biyt dep jaza qoyayyq. Biraq onda y qysqarmay, y-ge qosa paydalanylmay ma? Búl iy-di qalay oqimyz? Sonday-aq Áli, Musa degen qazaq esimderi dәl osylay dybystalatyn tatar esimderinen basqasha jazyla ma? Bizding Dúulat dep jazghanymyzdy ú-sy joq elderding Duulat ne Duvlat dep oqyghany bizding óz aituymyzgha qanshalyqty jaqyn? Eger kisi esimi men jer-su attaryn halyqaralyq erejege say jazatyn bolsaq, Shiyeli degen jer aty men shiyesi bar degendi bildiretin shiyeli sózderin eki týrli jazamyz ba? Búl siyaqty súraqtar qazaq sózi men halyqaralyq sózder ýshin eki týrli ereje qoldanudyng da qiynshylyqtary bar ekenin bayqatady. Onyng ýstine qazirgi emlemizding kemshiligi qazaq sózi men kirme sózderge eki týrli ereje qoldanuymyz dep jýrgen joqpyz ba?

Osy aitylghandargha baylanysty biz u men iy-di dybys emes, «ya» әrpi siyaqty qosar dybysty belgileytin әrip retinde ghana paydalanudy úsynamyz. Yaghni, su men by sózderin qazirgi kýiinshe jaza otyryp, múndaghy u men iy-di úў, iy qosar dybysy retinde qarastyramyz. Sonda búlar dauyssyzben ayaqtalatyn sózder (súў, biy) bolyp tabylady. Demek, oghan tәueldik jalghauynyng y, i bolyp jalghanuy zandy. Sonday-aq suy, bii sózderi súўy, biyi dep oqylatyndyqtan sú-ўy, bi-yi dep buyndalady, múnda ekinshi buyn dauystydan emes, dauyssyzdan bastalyp túr jәne eki dauysty dybys qatar kelip túrghan joq. Demek, suy, bii dep jazu qazaq tili zandaryna kereghar emes.

Olay bolsa, y men u -dyng bir әrippen jazyluynda túrghan eshtene joq, dau tughyzatyn әngimelerding shyghuyna sebepker bolyp otyrghan dauysty, qosar dauysty degen ataulardan qútylyp, qosar dybys dep qana atau kerek te, qosar dybys retinde oqu kerek. (Y men u-dyng qosar dauysty delinbey, qosar dybys dep qana ataluy zandy da. Óitkeni búlardyng ekinshi dybystary y men ў bizde dauyssyz dybystar ghoy.) Sonda ghylymiy-tehnikalyq terminder men halyqaralyq ataulardy standartqa say jazumen qatar olardy qazaqy dybystauymyzgha da mýmkindik tuady. Mysaly, bionika, Tula sózderindegi y men u-dy bir әrippen jaza otyryp, óz aldyna bólek ereje qoldanbay-aq, qazaq erejesimen iy, úў dep dybystau arqyly biyóniyka, Túўla dep qazaqsha oqimyz. Sonday-aq qazaq sózderine y men u-dy qoldanghanda onyng basqa tilderdegi oqyluy da ózimizding aituymyzgha jaqyndaydy.

Olay bolsa, biz u men iy-di qysqartpay, tek oghan qatysty erejelerdi kemshilikterden aryltyp, qayta tújyrymdaghan jón dep oilaymyz.

Búl ýshin aldymen dauyssyz ў-dyng aldynda qanday dybystar kele alady degen súraqqa jauap berip alayyq. Óitkeni dauyssyz y-ding aldyndaghy qysang dybystar jóninde pikir alalyghy bolmaghanmen (y men i keledi), dauyssyz ў-dyng aldynda keletin qysang dybystar jóninde eki týrli pikir aitylady. Onyng birinshisinde ú, ý, y, i dybystary keledi dese, ekinshisinde ú men ý ghana keledi delinedi. Songhy shyqqan orfoepiyalyq sózdikte (Orfoepiyalyq sózdik, «Arys» baspasy, Almaty, 2007) ekinshi pikir negizge alynghan. Soghan oray «tasu», «jibu» sózderi «tasúў», «jibýў» dep aitylady  delinedi. Búl sózderding týbiri «tasy», «jibi» ekeni belgili. Sonda ў dauyssyz júrnaghy jalghanghanda y men i dauystylary ú men ý-ge ózgere me? Eger ў erindik dauyssyzy y men i dybystaryn erindik ú men ý-ge ózgertip tasúў, jibýў dep aitylatyn bolsa, onda p erindik dauyssyzy jalghanghanda nege tasúp, jibýp bolyp ózgermeydi? Sondyqtan tasu, jibu sózderi tasúў, jibýў dep emes, tasyў, jibiў dep aitylady dep oilaymyz. Búghan tasuy, jibui degen sózderdi buyndap aitqanda eshkimning ta-sú-ўú, ji-bý-ўý dep auzyn shýrtiytip túrmaytyny, ta-sy-ўy, ji-bi-ўi dep aitatyndyghy da dәlel bola alady. Demek, ў-dyng aldynda ú, ý, y, i qysang dybystarynyng tórteui de kele alady degen pikir oryndy.

Osy úў, ýў, yў, iў tirkesterin, sonday-aq yi, iy tirkesterin qosar dybystar dep; jekelep alghanda alghashqy tórteuin qosarly ў, songhy ekeuin qosarly y dep ataymyz.

Endi emle erejeleri jóninde sóz etelik. Qoldanymdaghy erejelerde «sóz basynda dauysty dybystan búryn keletin u ýndi bolady, al dauyssyz y sóz basynda kelmeydi» delinedi. Búghan sýiensek, ua, uyq, uys sózderi bir buyndy boluy kerek. Ua sózining bir buyndy ekendigine kelisemiz, biraq, songhy eki sóz úўyq, úўys dep eki buyndy sóz retinde aitylady ghoy. Sonday-aq y sóz basynda kelmese, «yaghni» men «yapyr-ay» degen sózderdi qalay oqimyz? Yaghny degendi yiaghnyy dermiz, biraq yapyr-ay degendi yiapyr-ay deu kelise me? Soghan baylanysty u men iy-ding dauyssyz ne qosar bolatyn jaghdaylaryn anyqtaytyn erejeni tómendegishe tújyrymdadyq:

U men y dauysty dybystan keyinne sózding basynda a men ә-ning aldynda kelse dauyssyz bolady, basqa jaghdaylarda qosarly bolyp tabylady. Qosarly ў-dy u dep, qosarly y-di iy dep ala otyryp, búghan mysaldar keltireyik: taў, tay, Ўәli, ўaqyt, yapyr-ay, yәki, uyz, tura, iyek, kiyik.

Sonday-aq sózderding oqyluy men jazyluyn retteytin erejede de kemshilik bar. Mysaly, y-dyng aldyna qysang y tek syi, tyy degen sózderde ghana jazylady degen eskertpe beriledi. Al mi, jy sózderi qazaqta miy, jiy degen sózder joq bolghandyqtan, myi, jyy dep oqylady delinedi. Biraq miy dep oqylatyn my notasy, jiy dep oqylatyn jy әrpi oqushylargha keybir pәnderdi oqu barysynda kezdesetinin eskersek, qazaq tilindegi my men jy sózderining miy, jiy dep oqylmaytyndyghyna eshkim kepildik bere almaydy.

Sondyqtan qosar dybystardy qos әrippen ne bir әrippen jazuda qoldanylatyn erejelerdi tómendegidey etip ózgerttik:

1.Yy men ýў qosar dybystary ózinen búryn dauysty dybys bolmasa, qos әrippen jazylady. Mysaly, myi, yiyq, týў, ýўil.

3.Qosar dybystyng ekeui qatar kelgende, ekinshisi qos әrip arqyly jazylady.  Mysaly, suúў, iiy, suyi, iyiў.

3.Osy aitylghandardan basqa jaghdaylarda qosar dybystar bir әrippen jazylady. Mysaly, uyq, biyik, bólu, Saghira.

Qosar dybysty bir әrippen u, y dep jazghanda ony oqu mәselesi airyqsha sóz etudi qajet etedi.

IY-di oqu ýshin myna erejelerdi qoldanamyz:

1.Y әrpi ózinen búryn dauysty dybys bolmasa, iy dep oqylady. Mysaly, kie –kiye, iyne –iyne.

2. Y әrpi ózinen búryn dauysty dybys bolsa, sol dauystynyng yqpalymen buyn ýndestigi saqtalyp oqylady. Mysaly, tany – tanyi, sergiydi – sergiydi, oqidy – oqyidy.

U-dy oqu ýshin myna erejelerdi qoldanamyz:

1. U әrpi ózinen búryn dauysty dybys bolmasa, úўdep oqylady.  Mysaly, jua – júўa, uday – úўday.

2. U әrpi ózinen búryn dauysty dybys bolsa, sol dauystynyng yqpalymen buyn jәne erin ýndestigi saqtalyp oqylady. Mysaly, asu – asyў, kesuli ­– kesiўli, túru – túrúў, kýtu – kýtýў.

U men iy-di bir әrippen jazugha qarsylyqtyng tuyndauyna sebepshi erejelerding biri – «u, y әripteri bar sózderdi buyndaghanda kelesi buyn dauysty dybystan bastalady» degen – qazaq tili tabighatyna qayshy ereje. Sondyqtan sózdi buyngha bólgende tómendegidey erejege sýienemiz:

1.Sózde dauysty dybys pen qosar dybys sany qansha bolsa, sonsha buyn bolady. Mysaly, bii jәne suúu sózderi eki buyndy bolsa, tay, ju sózderi bir buyndy.

2.Sózdi buyngha bólgende buyn jigi dauysty dybys pen qosar dybystyng aldynda teteles túrghan dauyssyzdyng aldynan (Mysaly: qa-tal, sә-bi, a-su) jәne dauysty dybystyng aldyndaghy qosar dybystyng eki dybysynyng arasynan keledi. (Mysaly: shuaq  sózi shú-uaq  dep, al bie sózi bi-ie dep buyndalady).

Sonymen, bizding oiymyzsha i, u qosar dybystaryn eki әrippen belgilegennen góri bir әrippen belgilegen paydalyraq jәne erejelerdi kemshilikterden aryltsaq, eshqanday zangha qayshylyq ta bolmaydy.

Vanov Quantqan Yrzaúly,

 Manghystau oblysy boyynsha pedagogikalyq

qyzmetkerlerding biliktiligin arttyru instituty,

«Manghystau  múghalimi» gazetining bas redaktory,

Aqtau qalasy

Abai.kz