Búl maqala halyqaralyq Horse connection jurnalynda jariyalanghan bolatyn. Maqalanyng bas keyipkeri – suretshi-fotograf Bonny Folkins 2007 jyldan beri batys Mongholiya jәne  Qazaqstannyng býrkitshilerin taspagha týsirumen ainalysyp keledi. Maqsaty – býrkitshiler fotosuretining eng ýlken toptamasyn әzirleu. Búl maqsat jolynda Bonniyding at ýstinde jasaghan úzaq sapary, qazaq halqy jayly týigen oi-pikirleri Djeof Yangtyng maqalasynda bayandalady. Maqalanyng qazaq tiline audarylghan núsqasyn «Jas qazaq» oqyrmandarynyng nazaryna úsynyp otyrmyz.

Búl maqala halyqaralyq Horse connection jurnalynda jariyalanghan bolatyn. Maqalanyng bas keyipkeri – suretshi-fotograf Bonny Folkins 2007 jyldan beri batys Mongholiya jәne  Qazaqstannyng býrkitshilerin taspagha týsirumen ainalysyp keledi. Maqsaty – býrkitshiler fotosuretining eng ýlken toptamasyn әzirleu. Búl maqsat jolynda Bonniyding at ýstinde jasaghan úzaq sapary, qazaq halqy jayly týigen oi-pikirleri Djeof Yangtyng maqalasynda bayandalady. Maqalanyng qazaq tiline audarylghan núsqasyn «Jas qazaq» oqyrmandarynyng nazaryna úsynyp otyrmyz.

Bonny Folkins ýshin ekinshi ómir bastaldy. Búl – Bonny ajaldy aldap, dýniyege qaytadan «shyr» etip keldi degen sóz emes. Tek ol óz ómirin eki bólikke bólip qaraydy. Býrkitshiler qauymymen tanysqangha deyingi ómiri ózinshe de, qazirgi ómiri mýlde bólek.
Kanadada dýniyege kelgen Bonny – AQSh, Kanada, Portugaliya syndy әlemning birqatar elinde 50-den asa jeke kórmelerin ótkizgen tanymal suretshilerding biri. Ol әlemning kóptegen elderine sapar shegip, bәrin ózining qylqalamyna arqau etken. Alayda 2007 jyly qazaq býrkitshileri meken etetin batys Mongholiyagha jasaghan alghashqy sapary Bonniyding ómirin de, ónerin de týbegeyli ózgertip jiberedi.
Búl sapargha shyghugha suretshini qanattandyrghan nәrse bar. Bonny ghalamtor arqyly qazaq býrkitshilerining fotosuretterin tamashalaydy. Olardyng qyzyl týsti bas kiyimi, qara shapany jәne qoldaryna qondyrghan qyran qústary onyng qyzyghushylyghyn oyatady. Bonny dereu óz josparyna ózgerister engizip, qazaq býrkitshilerining mekeni – Bayan Ólgeyge attanady. Bayan Ólgey – Mongholiya, Qytay, Resey jәne Qazaqstanmen shektesetin Altay tauynyng baurayynda ornalasqan. Múnda Resey imperiyasynyng biyligi túsynda óz atamekenin tastap, qonys audarugha mәjbýr bolghan qazaq halqynyng bir toby mekendeydi. Olar óz dәstýrleri men mәdeniyetin sol tarihy qalpynda saqtap qala bilgen. Stalindik repressiya kezinde qazaq halqy mal-mýlkinen, tughan jerinen aiyrylghan. Nәtiyjesinde birneshe milliondaghan adam jazyqsyz ajal qúshsa, millionnan astam qazaq halqy Mongholiya, Qytay, Iran, Aughanstan, Týrkiyagha qonys audarugha mәjbýr bolghan. Biraq eng zorlyghy, sol uaqyttaghy biylik qazaq halqynyng mәdeniyeti men salt-dәstýrining úmytyluyna sebepshi bolghan. Alayda atamekennen alys ketkender óz salt-dәstýrin әli kýnge deyin saqtap, jalghastyryp keledi.
Bonniyding Bayan Ólgeyge jasaghan alghashqy sapary ony Búghat Sam auylyna bastap barady. Múnda ol Aday esimdi býrkitshimen tanysyp, sonyng ýiine ornalasady. Meyirimdi de jomart Aday Bonniydi auyldaghy barlyq býrkitshilermen tanystyryp, Bonny olargha ózining әlemde siyrek kezdesetin búl ónerdi taspagha týsirip, úrpaqqa múra etip qaldyrghysy keletinin aitady.
Osylaysha, qylqalamyn fotokameragha almastyrghan suretshining býrkitshiler ómirine әbden qyzyqqany sonday, olarmen birge at ýstinde úzaq joryqtargha da shygha bastaydy. 2009 jyly Altay tauy baurayynda 1700 shaqyrymgha juyq qashyqtyqty at ýstinde baghyndyryp, sol atyrapty mekendeytin býrkitshilerding fotoportretin jasap shygharsa, 2010-2011 jyldary Mongholiya men Qazaqstannyng ken-baytaq dalasynda 2500 shaqyrymgha juyq qashyqtyqty baghyndyrghan sapar jasaydy.
Búl saparlar Bonniyding ómirin mýlde basqa arnagha búrdy desek bolghanday. Aptalap, ailap, kýn demey, týn demey, tipti at ýstinde úiyqtap sayahattau – ekining birining qolynan keler sharua emes. Búl uaqytta at pen iyesining arasynda tek qana fizikalyq emes, ruhany baylanys ta ornaydy. Qúddy bir jan, bir dene syqyldy. Bonniyding ózi aitqanday, «jelmen jarysyp, baytaq dalany baghyndyrasyn. Qazaq halqynyng arghy babalary dalanyng darqandyghyn túlpardyng túyaghymen ólshegen».
Búl úzaq saparlar óz mәresine taqaghan sayyn Bonny jabyrqay bastaytyn. Óz Otanyna barghan kezde jylqylardy, býrkitterdi saghynghanyn shynayy sezinip, kiyeli ónerding tehnologiya damyghan jana zamanda yghysyp, joyylyp bara jatqany ony múnayta týsedi.
Mongholiyagha 2010 jyly jasaghan saparynda Bonny býrkitshi Dalayhan Boshaydyng ýiine ornalasady.  Dalayhan – múnda iri sharuashylyqtyng iyesi. Onyng qarauynda iri qara, qoy-eshki, tipti týieler de bar. Dalayhan kýn sayyn Amantay, Týgelbay esimdi dostary jәne balasy Alpamyspen birge býrkitterin angha saludan jalyqqan emes.
Adamdar Mongholiyada jabayy qústardy anshylyqqa sonau HIII ghasyrdan bastap baulyghan. Anyzdargha sensek, Shynghys hannyng jeke kýzetinde 5 myng býrkitshi bolghan eken. Býrkitter suyr, qoyan, tipti týlki men qasqyrdy da iletin bolghan. Ókinishtisi, búl keremet ónerding jahan­danugha jútylyp bara jatqandyghy.
Býrkitshilik óner atadan balagha miras bolyp qalyp otyrady. Al býrkitti bauluda әr býrkitshining ózindik qúpiyasy bar. Býrkitshiler ekeuara ruhany baylanys ornatugha ýlken mәn beredi. Óitkeni múnday tylsym ruhany baylanys ornamayynsha, býrkit óz iyesin tanymaydy. Sol ýshin de býrkitshiler qústaryn baulyghanda, kýni-týni qasynda bolyp, býrkitting bar nazaryn ózine audaryp alugha tyrysady.
Býrkit pen iyesining arasyndaghy qarym-qatynasty – adam men januar arasyndaghy әriptestikting eng bir erekshe týri dep baghalaugha bolady. Qazaqtyng naqyl sózinde aitylatynday, adam býrkitti baulyghan kezde, býrkit adamdy da baulidy. Bonniyding týsirgen suret­terine qarap otyryp, býrkitting de, býrkitshining de pang beynesin bayqaugha bolady. Olar biyikke qaraydy. Óitkeni ózderi de biyik. Búl býrkit pen iyesining arasyndaghy qarym-qatynas 8-11 jylgha sozylady da, odan keyin býrkitter óz erkine jiberiledi, tabighatqa oralady. Býrkitter orta eseppen 30 jylday ómir sýredi. Keybiri elu, eluden astam jas jasaydy.
Qyran qústar iyesi jipke baylaghan terini ilip ýirenedi. Jemtikti ilgen býrkit iyesin kýtip otyrady. Býrkitter at ýstinde iyesimen birge sapargha shyqqanda, qolgha ýiretilgen tәrtipti qúsqa ainalyp shygha keledi. IYesining biyalayyna qonaqtaghan býrkitter óz dene salmaghyn retteu arqyly iyesine salmaq týsirmeydi. Esesine, kókke úshqan kezinde búl alyp qústar saghatyna 200 shaqyrym jyldamdyqty iygeredi. Qos qanatyn kenge jayyp, jemtigine shýilige úmtylghanda, jana ghana iyesining qolynda qonaqtap otyrghan qústyng izin de tappay qalasyz. Qúddy ýy qúsynan týz taghysyna ainalyp shygha kelgendey. Olardyng janary qiyadaghyny kóredi. Al tyrnaqtary kishigirim maraldy ilip, kókke kóterip әkete alatynday qayratty. 
Dalayhannyng ýiinde túru – Bonny ýshin jana tәjiriybe boldy. Óitkeni Dalayhannyng qystauy Qytay shekarasynan 15 shaqyrym ghana qashyqtyqta, Altay tauynyng 4-5 myng metr biyiginde ornalasqan. Qúm, qamys, maldyng qiynan túrghyzylghan ýiding europalyq adam ýshin jat ekeni belgili. Al jazda olar kiyiz ýidi paydalanady. Kóship-qonugha ynghayly búl ýy Bonniydi de tanyrqatty. Múnda kran arqyly ýy ishinde aghyp túratyn salqyn, ystyq su joq. Elektr energiyasynyng ózi tәulikting belgili bir uaqytynda beriledi. Al tamaqty ýy iyeleri shaghyn oshaqta pisir­edi. Otyn kózi – maldyng kepken qiy.
Osynday qalalyq órkeniyetten mýlde ada mekende ómir sýretin qazaq halqy – әlemdegi eng qonaqjay jәne jomart halyq. Kez kelgen jolaushyny tórge shygharyp, jyly-júmsaqtaryn aldaryna tosady. Tipti ózderining auzynan qaqsa da, qonaqqa dep arnayy sybagha saqtap otyrady. Múnday kenpeyildilikti kórgende әrkim-aq alghys aitary sózsiz.
Qazaq halqy ónerge de bay. Dombyra atalatyn qos ishekti muzykalyq aspaptaryna qosylyp, әn aityp, by biylegende olargha Altay tauynyng yzghary sezilmeytindey kórinedi. Bir jaghynan, osynday ruhtarynyng biyiktigi de olardyng qysqy suyq týnderdi aman ótkeruine sebepshi me dep te oilaysyn. Áyteuir, jerge, taugha, dalagha, sol dalany meken etetin januarlargha degen mahabbattary olardy HHI ghasyrda jútylyp ketpey, ata dәstýrin jalghastyruyna mýmkindik berip otyrghanyn týsinip, basyndy iyesin.
Bonniyding maqsaty – әrbir býrkitshining jeke portretin jasap, toptama әzirleu bolatyn. Búghan ol 9 sapardan túratyn 5 jyl uaqytyn sarp etti. Boljam boyynsha, Altay tauynyng baurayynda 300-den astam býrkitshi meken etedi. Alayda әrbiri Dalayhan syndy eng qiyn-qystau degen jerlerdi mekendeydi. Oghan tek jazdygýni atpen barugha ghana mýmkindik bar. Al qystygýni at ýshin de joldar jabylyp qalady. Bonny býrkitshilerding 20 payyzyn ghana taspagha týsire alghanyn aitady. Alda әli júmys kóp. «Býgingi zamangha býrkitshilerding qajeti joq. Býgingi adamdargha tehnika bolsa boldy. Al ata dәstýr, kiyeli óner birte-birte joyylyp kete beredi. Biz qalasaq ta, qalamasaq ta osy. Sol ýshin de keyingi úrpaq ata-babalarynyng qanday dәstýr ústanghanyn, qanday ónerdi iygere bilgenin úmytpauy ýshin qazaq býrkitshilerining barlyghynyng fotoportretin әzirlegim keledi. Ókinishtisi, olar órkeniyetten, órkeniyet olardan oqshaulanyp qalghan. Olar ózdigimen alibom jasap, úrpaqqa miras etip qaldyra almaydy» deydi Bonniy.
Qazaq halqy, onyng tarihy Bonniyge erekshe әser etkeni bayqalady. Maqala basynda atap ótkenimizdey, qazaq halqy onyng ómiri men ónerine de eleuli ózgeris әkelgen. «Men Qazaqstanda kenestik ýkimet yqpalynyng zardabyn әli kýnge deyin tartyp kele jatan adamdardy kezdestirdim. Olardyng kóbi ókpesin jasyrmaydy. Stalinge «újymdastyru» arqyly halyqty kóshpeli tarihynan aiyrghany ýshin, adamdardyng ruhyn janshyp, mәdeniyeti men ónerin, salt-dәstýrin, senim-nanymyn – bәrin-bәrin qúrbandyqqa shalyp jibergeni ýshin laghynet aitudan jalyqpaydy. Búl rette Qazaqstannyng býgingi halqyn ata-baba dәstýrin tolyq saqtay almay qaldy dep aiyptau orynsyz. Alayda babalar ónerin saqtap qalghan Mongholiya qazaqtaryna bas ii kerek siyaqty. Soghan oray, qazaq býrkitshilerin men «ruh qorghandary» dep atar edim» deydi Bonniy.
Alysta, órkeniyetten tys әlemde óz betinshe ómir sýrip jatqan batys Mongholiya qazaqtarynyng túrmysyna dýrbi salghan Bonniyding ózi de «ruh qorghanyna» ainalghan býginde. Monghol-qazaq dalasynda jalghyz-jarym 3-4 myng shaqyrym qashyqtyqty at ýstinde baghyndyryp, qazaq býrkitshilerining túrmysyn taspalaghan onyng erligi zor. 

Djeof Yang
Audarghan  Núrbolat Amanjol

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